STEDT Etymon #3447
1.0 The Body > 1.9 Reproductive System > 1.9.3 Navel
#3447 PTB *(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *(t/d)waŋ MIDDLE / NAVEL |
To this more conservative allofam we assign reflexes with dental stop initials.
| rn | analysis | lgid | reflex | gloss | gfn | language | grpid | grpno | grp | genetic | citation | srcabbr | srcid | rn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 303953 | 3447 | 182 | tu:ŋ | inside | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 82n248 | 0 | |
| 60879 | 3447 | 181 | tuuŋ | middle | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 208 | 0 | |
| 20056 | 3447 | 174 | tuːŋ | inside | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Chou 72 | ACST | 1007a-e | 0 | |
| 515971 | 3447 | 2012 | tuːŋ | inside / middle | *Tibeto-Burman | 2 | 0.1 | Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions) | 0 | Matisoff 03 HPTB | JAM-HPTB | 615 | 0 | |
| 29568 | m,3447 | 1473 | hay◦toŋ | navel | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 85 GSTC | JAM-GSTC | 071 | 0 | |
| 119482 | 386,3447,m | 1472 | kui◦tuŋ yāŋ | center of skull | Tangkhul | 66 | 1.3.4 | Tangkhulic | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 18583 | 3447 | 1262 | toŋg | inside | Pattani [Manchati] | 20 | 2.1.1 | Western Himalayish | 0 | Sharma, D.D. 82 TH | DS-Patt | 0 | ||
| 303116 | p,3447 | 1754 | mə◦duŋ | perpendicular, straighten | be v. | Anong (Rawang) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 17n63 | 0 |
| 20061 | p,3447 | 1210 | ə◦duŋ | in, middle | Anong (Rawang) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Chou 72 | ACST | 1007a-e | 0 | |
| 60598 | p,3447 | 1333 | ə◦duŋ | in, middle | Anong (Rawang) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 208 | 0 | |
| 303115 | p,3447 | 1754 | ə◦duŋ | in, middle | Anong (Rawang) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 17n63 | 0 | |
| 502207 | p,3447,m | 1982 | ə◦dɔŋ³¹ lɑp | inside | Rawang | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | LaPolla 03 | RJL-Rawang | 781 | 0 | |
| 381811 | m,3447 | 1817 | ʔi⁵⁵duŋ⁵⁵ | inside | n/adv | Nung | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0715.21 | 0 |
| 183015 | m,3447 | 269 | ʔi⁵⁵duŋ⁵⁵ | inside | Anong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 59.44 | 0 | |
| 60597 | p,3447 | 1607 | a◦tuŋ | middle | Trung [Dulong] | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 208 | 0 | |
| 303117 | p,3447 | 1765 | a◦tuŋ | middle | Trung [Dulong] | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 17n63 | 0 | |
| 381433 | p,3447 | 1816 | ɑ³¹duŋ⁵³ | middle | n | Dulong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0708.20 | 0 |
| 381810 | p,3447 | 1816 | ɑ³¹duŋ⁵⁵ | inside | n/adv | Dulong | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0715.20 | 0 |
| 182863 | p,3447 | 537 | ɑ³¹duŋ⁵⁵ | middle | Trung [Dulong] | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 56.46 | 0 | |
| 20062 | p,3447 | 1602 | ɑ◦tuŋ | middle | Trung [Dulong] | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Chou 72 | ACST | 1007a-e | 0 | |
| 60591 | p,3447 | 539 | a³¹ duuŋ⁵⁵ | middle | Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 208 | 0 | |
| 40001 | p,3447 | 538 | ɑ³¹ duŋ⁵⁵ | middle | Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 82 Dul | JZ-Dulong | 0 | ||
| 60592 | p,3447 | 541 | a³¹ duuŋ⁵⁵ | middle | Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 208 | 0 | |
| 40207 | p,3447 | 540 | ɑ³¹ duŋ⁵⁵ | middle | Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang) | 38 | 4 | Nungic | 1 | Sun H 82 Dul | JZ-Dulong | 0 | ||
| 350005 | 525,3447 | 1825 | tʂhɔʔ⁵⁵thoŋ³¹ | navel | n | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Huang and Dai 92 TBL | TBL | 0097.29 | 0 |
| 17385 | 525,3447 | 209 | tʂʰɔʔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ³¹ | navel | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Xian | DQ-Xiandao | 120 | 0 | |
| 17409 | 525,3447 | 209 | tʂʰɔʔ⁵⁵ tʰoŋ³¹ | umbilical cord | Achang (Xiandao) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Dai 89 Xian | DQ-Xiandao | 145 | 0 | |
| 183013 | p,3447 | 1428 | ɑ twɪ̃⁵⁵ | inside | Burmese (Spoken Rangoon) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 59.40 | 0 | |
| 243378 | 3447 | 392 | twaṅ | in | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Marrison 67 Naga | GEM-CNL | 0 | ||
| 303120 | 3447 | 409 | twaŋ | in | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 17n63 | 0 | |
| 182987 | p,3447 | 411 | ɑ¹twɑŋ³ | inside | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Sun H 91 ZMYY | ZMYYC | 59.39 | 0 | |
| 438379 | p,3447 | 406 | ə-twâŋ | inside, inner part of thing | Burmese (Written) | 44 | 6.1.1 | Burmish | 1 | Benedict 76 WBur | PKB-WBRD | 0 | ||
| 11218 | 3447 | 152 | ʔ-doŋ¹| | navel | *Loloish | 45 | 6.1.2 | Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 120B | 0 | |
| 113776 | 525,3447 | 229 | caˆ tah˯ | navel | Akha | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 87 BP | JAM-Ety | 0 | ||
| 236162 | m,3447 | 338 | sa tɔ̀ŋ | navel | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 1 | ||
| 51246 | m,3447 | 344 | ɕa◦tɔŋ | navel | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Beaudouin 88 Bisu | PB-Bisu | 15 | 0 | |
| 51276 | m,3447,b | 344 | ɕa◦tɔ̀ŋ◦sàj | umbilical cord | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Beaudouin 88 Bisu | PB-Bisu | 16 | 2 | |
| 51247 | m,3447 | 344 | ʃa◦tɔŋ | navel | Bisu | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Beaudouin 88 Bisu | PB-Bisu | 15 | 0 | |
| 30755 | 525,3447 | 1117 | tɕeʔ⁴-thuŋ² | navel | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Matisoff 78 MLBM | JAM-MLBM | 75 | 0 | |
| 236241 | 525,3447 | 1114 | tɕeʔ⁴thuŋ² | navel | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Bradley 79 PLo | DB-PLolo | 0 | ||
| 435918 | 525,3447 | 1120 | tɕeʔ⁴thuŋ² | navel | Mpi | 48 | 6.1.2.3 | Southern Loloish | 1 | Srinuan 76 | SD-MPD | 0 | ||
| 303118 | 3447,3447 | 460 | ti̯ôŋ / t̑i̯uŋ | middle | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Benedict 72 STC | STC | 17n63 | 0 | |
| 20537 | 3447,3447 | 480 | ti̯əŋ/t̑i̯uŋ | middle | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Chou 72 | ACST | 1007a-e | 0 | |
| 60599 | 3447 | 482 | tjôŋ | middle | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 208 | 0 | |
| 60600 | 3447 | 482 | t̑juŋ | middle | Chinese (Old/Mid) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | LaPolla 87 | RJL-DPTB | 208 | 0 | |
| 295981 | 3447 | 471 | k-ljung| | middle | Chinese (Old) | 53 | 9.0.1 | Old Chinese | 0 | Baxter 92 | WHB-OC | 1641 | 0 | |
| 37100 | 3447,m | 1011 | jong◦jian | middle | Chinese (Mandarin) | 55 | 9.0.3 | Modern Chinese | 0 | Sun J 85 ChGl | JS-Ch | 485 | 0 |
中 OC *ti̯ông [fn: HPTB pp. 287, 310 incorrectly cites GSR’s reconstruction as *ti̯əŋ. This was corrected in L. Sagart’s review of HPTB (2006:217) to *t̑i̯uŋ, which is also incorrect: this is Karlgren’s MC form. [JAM]], GSR #1007a-e ‘middle, center’; Li 1971: *trjəngw; Baxter 1992:477, 1641: *k-ljung; Mand. zhōng.
There are at least two competing etymologies for this Chinese word, one relating it to Tibetan gźung ‘middle, midst’ (e.g. Bodman 1980:123 set 240, Coblin 1986:53) and the other the one proposed here (e.g. STC p. 182).
Baxter (1992:525) follows Bodman, reconstructing *k-l- rather than *trj- to match Tibetan gźung and to explain the use of the character as a sound gloss for 宮 *k(r)jung, Mand. gōng in the Eastern Han.
The original comparison in STC seemed suspect because of the irregular correspondence between the stop initial in Chinese and the sibilant initial in Tibeto-Burman, but the revised PTB etymon makes a good match. If we consider the possibility of reconstructing *r-tjung, as proposed in Handel 1998, then there is no mismatch in the medial.
For another example of the same final correspondence, cf. #820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART 孔, Mand. kǒng.
[ZJH]
Bisu sa probably means “flesh” (cf. #34 PTB *sya-n FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL).
Bisu sàj is a borrowing from Thai sǎaj ‘cord, string’. This morpheme, interestingly enough, occurs in reduced form in the Thai word for ‘navel’, sədɨɨ (cf. Li Fang Kuei 1977:92).