STEDT
STEDT #1011

*s-r(i/u)ŋ

LONG / ELONGATE

Reconstruction analysis

handleriŋprefixsinitialrrhymecoverL · N

Intermediate reconstructions

rGyalrongic*s-k-riŋ ‘LONG’

Connections

HPTB*s-riŋ ‘long’pp. 280, 282, 296
See also#2612

Notes

This well-established root shows *-i- ⪤ -u- variation, with the latter variant characteristic of the Tamangic group.

rGyalrongic attests a velar prefix, which always appears between the *s- prefix and the root initial.

It is claimed in DL:1297 that Lahu yɨ̀ LONG and šɨ LENGTH appear not to descend from this root, since the rhyme *-iŋ usually goes to Lahu not . However, this is perhaps too strict since special vocalic reflexes frequently occur after sibilants in Loloish languages.

Reflexes & cognates179 reflexes · 16 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanring ‘long / stretch’Coblin 86: 105

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmans-riŋ ‘elongate, long’Benedict 72 STC: 433

1.7.3.1Jingpho3

Jingphorèn be v.‘too long, protracted’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 139
Jingphośəren ‘lengthen’Benedict 72 STC: 433

2.1.2Bodic8

Tsangla (Central)ringmumorpheme ‘long’Andvik 93: 133
Tsangla (Motuo)riŋ¹³pu¹³morpheme ‘long’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Motuo)riŋmomorpheme ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.7
Tsangla (Tilang)ring-bumorpheme ‘long’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)riŋ³⁵ko⁵⁵morpheme ‘long’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)riŋ¹³po⁵³morpheme ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.6
Motuo Menbariŋ momorpheme adj‘long’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0972.07
Cuona Menbariŋ³⁵po⁵³morpheme adj‘long’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0972.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan15

Tibetan (Batang)rĩ¹³mbᴜ⁵³morpheme adj‘long’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0972.03
Tibetan (Jirel)āyuqmorpheme rimbumorpheme n‘life, long’Hale 73 CSD: 10a.13
Tibetan (Jirel)rimbumorpheme adj‘long’Hale 73 CSD: 01.014
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)rin¹³bo⁵³morpheme ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.3
Tibetan (Lhasa)riŋ¹³ku⁵⁵morpheme adj‘long’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0972.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)riŋ¹⁵ku⁵³morpheme ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.2
Tibetan (Sherpa)ringbumorpheme adj‘long’Hale 73 CSD: 01.014
Tibetan (Spiti)riŋpomorpheme ‘long’Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp
Tibetan (Written)riṅbamorpheme adj‘long’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)riŋ pomorpheme ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.1
Tibetan (Written)riŋ-bamorpheme ‘long’Benedict 72 STC: 433
Tibetan (Written)sriŋ-bamorpheme ‘extend, stretch, postpone’Benedict 72 STC: 433

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepcha(ăprefix-)hyrăn ‘long’Benedict 72 STC: 433

2.1.4Tamangish17

Gurungri̩hnggyomorpheme adj‘long’Hale 73 CSD: 01.014
Gurung (Ghachok)rĩhŋgyomorpheme ‘long’Glover 72 GuVo: 1.14
Manang (Gyaru)rɯŋ³ bamorpheme ‘long’Nagano 84 Man: 328
Manang (Prakaa)²ruŋmorpheme ‘long’Hoshi 84: 0455b
Manang (Prakaa)²ʔumorphemeruŋmorpheme ‘long’Hoshi 84: 0455a
Tamang (Sahu)rehngmorpheme adj‘long’Hale 73 CSD: 01.014
Tamang (Sahu)rehŋpamorpheme ‘long’Taylor 72 TmVo: 1.14
Tamang (Taglung)reŋ-bamorpheme ‘long’Mazaudon 94 These: 847
Thakalichaymorpheme rihm-pamorpheme n‘life, long’Hale 73 CSD: 10a.13
Thakalirihm-pamorpheme adj‘long’Hale 73 CSD: 01.014
Thakali (Marpha)²²'²²rum-bamorpheme ‘long’Mazaudon 94 These: 846
Thakali (Syang)¹¹'³³rum-bamorpheme ‘long’Mazaudon 94 These: 846
Thakali (Tukche)cʰɔjmorpheme rihm-morpheme ‘long life’Hari 71a ThVo: 10.A.13
Thakali (Tukche)cʰɔjmorpheme rihn-morpheme ‘spared, be / live long’Hari 71a ThVo: 10.B.1.38
Thakali (Tukche)rihm-morpheme ‘long’Hari 71a ThVo: 1.14

2.1.5Dhimal1

3.2Qiangic10

Muya [Minyak]ʐɯ³³ʐɯ⁵⁵ ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.15
Qiang (Mianchi)dʐé ‘long (of time)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1414
Qiang (Mianchi)phùmorpheme-dʑé ‘gown (long) [clothes-long]’Evans 99 Qiang: 631
Qiang (Taoping)dʐi²⁴¹ ‘classifier for long objects’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 953.9
Qiang (Taoping)dʐi²⁴¹ ‘classifier for long, thin obje’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 954.9

3.3.1rGyalrong64

rGyalrong (Xiaojin Bajiao)demorphemekprefix'srje ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Dusong)də³morphemekə³prefixsri⁵ ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Cengda)də³morphemekə⁵prefixsri³ ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Hanniu)morpheme'kəprefixsre ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Xingge)morpheme'kəprefixsre ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong)morphemeprefix'skre ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrongprefix skhᴇn ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.12
rGyalrong (Lixian Jiabi)prefix'dmorphemekrje ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Fubian)prefixmorpheme'skren ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi)prefixmorpheme'sre ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Rilong)prefixmorphemeˈsre ‘long’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1606
rGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A))tʰǝ22morpheme ste44morpheme kǝ44morpheme skren22 ‘how long?’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2071
rGyalrong (Maerkang Soman)tʰɐmorpheme stᴇmorpheme prefix-skrɐn ‘how long?’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2071
rGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (B))wa22morpheme skreɴ33 ‘how long?’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2071
rGyalrong (Maerkang Caodeng (B))wu33morpheme tǝ44morpheme zre33 ‘how long?’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 2071
rGyalrongkAprefix skreN ‘long’Nagano 97 GyQ: 158
rGBenzhenprefix-skrjɐn ‘long’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish19

Gazhuosɤ²⁴ ‘long’Dai 91 TB15
Lalosjə́ ‘long’Björverud 94
Laloʂɯ⁵⁵ ‘long’Chen 86 CS: 143.
Liphoʂi³³ ‘long’Chen 86 CS: 143.
Nasuʂɚ³³ ‘long’Chen 86 CS: 143.
Neisuʂɛ¹³ ‘long’Chen 86 CS: 143.
Nesusɛ⁵⁵ ‘long’Chen 86 CS: 143.
Nosuʂo³³ ‘long’Chen 86 CS: 143.
Nusu (Southern)xɹə⁵⁵ ‘long’Sun J 86 Nusu

6.1.2.2Central Loloish19

Jinuola³³morphemeɕɯ⁵⁵ ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.34
Jinuola⁴⁴morphemeʃɯ⁵⁵ adj‘long’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0972.44
Jinuo (Youle)ʃɤ⁴² ‘long’Gai 86
Kucongzɤ31 ‘long’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Black)šɨ ‘length; region’Lahu šɨ is an “extentive” noun derived from the adjectival verb yɨ̀. For the morphophonemics of exentive nouns, see Matisoff 1973/1982: 30-32.Matisoff 88 DL: 1228
Lahu (Yellow)ʑɛ² ‘long’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)a²¹prefixʃɿ⁵⁵ʃɿ³³ V‘long; pretty long; extend’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃²¹morphemegɔ²¹morpheme ʃɿ³³ ‘long night’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ʃɿ³³ V‘long (length)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ʃɿ³³ʃɿ³³ ɲɔ⁵⁵morphemeɲɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘some long and some short; length’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuʃɿ⁴⁴ ‘long’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 809.27
Sani [Nyi]zi³³morphemeɕɛ̱³³ ‘long-lived’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]zɿ³³morpheme ɕæ³³ ‘long life (changshou)’Ma 89 SanQ: 356.1
Sani [Nyi]ɕæ³³ ‘long’Chen 86 CS: 143.

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish2

Mpisɯ⁵ ‘long’Hansson 89 AHKP: 435
Mpisɯ⁵ ‘long’Srinuan 76

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish9

Azhaxjɛ⁴⁴ ‘LONG (distance)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1041
Azhaxjɛ⁴⁴ ‘LONG (time)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1042
Southern Mujiχo³³ ‘LONG (distance)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1041
Southern Mujiχo³³ ‘LONG (time)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1042
Pholanɔ⁵⁵morphemeʂɛ⁵⁵ ‘LONG (time)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1042
Hlepho Phowaɕɛ³³ ‘LONG (distance)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1041
Hlepho Phowaɕɛ³³ ‘LONG (time)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1042
Phuzaxjɛ⁵⁵ ‘LONG (distance)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1041
Phuzaxjɛ⁵⁵ ‘LONG (time)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1042

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1011, *s-r(i/u)ŋ ‘LONG / ELONGATE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1011
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#433
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1011,
  title  = {{*s-r(i/u)ŋ 'LONG / ELONGATE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1011},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1011}
}