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STEDT #116

*k(w)am

THIRSTY / DRIED OUT

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekwamprefixsinitialk(w)rhymeamcoverK · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*N-kam² ‘THIRSTY / DRIED OUT’

Notes

Three different prefixes are attested with this root: Written Tibetan has s-, but some modern dialects have r-. The voiced initial in the Lahu form reflexes a nasal prefix at the PLB level.

The Written Tibetan doublet skam-po ‘dry’ and skom-pa ‘thirst’ strongly supports the reconstruction of *-wa-.

This root bears some resemblance to #2347 PTB *krwap RUSTLE, the common core of meaning perhaps residing in the dry sound made by fallen leaves.

Chinese comparandum

顑 OC *χəm~*k’əm, GSR #671m ‘emaciated, gaunt’; Coblin 86:148-9 ST *khəm > OC *khəmx; Schuessler 2007:332 *hə̂ms~*khə̂mʔ; Mand. kǎn.
歁 OC (*k’əm), (not in GSR #658) ‘famished’; Schuessler 2007:332 *khə̂mʔ; Mand. kǎn.

Reflexes & cognates63 reflexes · 11 subgroups

Tiddimgam¹ ‘dry, be annihilated’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

2.1.2Bodic5

Baimako⁵³ dɐ¹³morpheme be‘thirsty’Sun H 91 Baim: 3.7.8

Tshona (Wenlang)tɕem⁵⁵ pu⁵⁵#3297 PTB *pu ‘THIRSTY’ ‘thirsty’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)pɛː¹³morpheme cem⁵³ ‘thirsty’Sun H 80 MLD

Tshona (Mama)pɛː¹³morphemecem⁵³ ‘thirsty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 898.6

Cuona Menbacam⁵³la³¹morpheme v.‘thirsty, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1478.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan46

Tibetan (Alike)rkam v.‘dry, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1333.05

Tibetan (Alike)rkam v.‘dry (clothes) in the sun’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1604.05

Tibetan (Alike)rkam bomorpheme ‘dry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1028.05

Tibetan (Alike)ɣkom v.‘thirsty, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1478.05

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hkam ‘dry’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 864.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hkom ‘thirsty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 898.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)hkom ‘thirsty’Sun J 85 Amdo: 547

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)hkæm-nbomorpheme ‘dry’Sun J 85 Amdo: 204

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)rkam ‘dry in the sun’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 749.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)rkam ‘dry’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 864.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)rkom ‘thirsty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 898.5

Tibetan (Batang)kha⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ gã⁵⁵ be v.‘thirsty’Dai 89 Bata: 3.7.8

Tibetan (Batang)kha⁵³#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’kɑ̃⁵⁵ v.‘thirsty, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1478.03

Tibetan (Batang)kɑ̃⁵⁵ v.‘dry, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1333.03

Tibetan (Jirel)kom◦boqmorpheme adj‘dry’Hale 73 CSD: 01.099

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)kɑŋ⁵⁵ ‘thirsty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 898.3

Tibetan (Lhasa)kam⁵² v.‘dry, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1333.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)kam⁵⁵ v.‘dry (clothes) in the air’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1498.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)kam⁵⁵po⁵³suffix ‘dry’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 864.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)kam⁵⁵po⁵⁵suffix ‘dry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1028.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)kam⁵⁵po⁵⁵suffix tɕha⁵²morpheme v.‘dry, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1333.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)kam⁵⁵sø⁵²morpheme taŋ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘dry by fire’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1374.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)kha⁵⁵#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ kom⁵⁵ v.‘thirsty, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1478.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)kom⁵⁵ ‘thirsty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 898.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)tʂhaŋ⁵⁵morphemetʂhu⁵⁵morpheme kam⁵⁵ v.‘dry (clothes) in the sun’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1604.02

Tibetan (Sherpa)kam◦buqmorpheme adj‘dry’Hale 73 CSD: 01.099

Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)kom◦jemorpheme laŋmorpheme◦enmorpheme be‘thirsty’Bishop 89: 3.7.8

Spitikum◦ḍimorpheme yoŋmorpheme◦jemorpheme be‘thirsty’Bodh 91: 3.7.8

Tibetan (Spiti)kum◦ɖimorpheme ‘thirst’Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp

Tibetan (Written)(gos)morpheme skem v.‘dry (clothes) in the air’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1498.01

Tibetan (Written)(gos)morpheme skem v.‘dry (clothes) in the sun’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1604.01

Tibetan (Written)kha#273 PTB *m/s-k(w)a-y ‘MOUTH / OPENING / SPREAD / DOOR / FACE / JAW’PKC *kaa ‘ENTRANCE / MOUTH’PKC *kaa ⪤ *khaa ‘CHIN / JAW (lower)’PCN *ka ‘GAPE, OPEN MOUTH’PTk *ka ‘OPEN (MOUTH)’PTk *kʰa ‘CHIN / JAW’PKar *kaᴮ ‘CHIN, JAW’ skom v.‘thirsty, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1478.01

Tibetan (Written)skam posuffix ‘dry’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1028.01

Tibetan (Written)skam posuffix ‘dry’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 864.1

Tibetan (Written)skam-posuffix ‘dry’Coblin 86: 149

Tibetan (Written)skam.posuffix ‘dry’Sun J 85 TbGl: 204

Tibetan (Written)skam◦pasuffix adj‘dry’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Written)skem v.‘dry, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1333.01

Tibetan (Written)skom ‘thirsty’Sun J 85 TbGl: 547

Tibetan (Written)skom ‘thirsty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 898.1

Tibetan (Written)skom-pasuffix v.‘thirst’Coblin 86: 149

Tibetan (Written)skom◦pasuffix ‘thirsty’Marrison 67 Naga

Tibetan (Xiahe)hkam v.‘dry, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1333.04

Tibetan (Xiahe)hkam v.‘dry (clothes) in the air’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1498.04

Tibetan (Xiahe)hkam v.‘dry (clothes) in the sun’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1604.04

Tibetan (Xiahe)hkom v.‘thirsty, be’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1478.04

2.1.4Tamangish1

Manang (Prakaa)³kom◦temorpheme ³kʰəmorpheme- ‘thirsty, be’Hoshi 84: 0332

5Tujia2

Tujiago³⁵ be‘thirsty’Chen 86 TuMQ: 3.7.8

Tujia (Southern)go³⁵ ‘thirsty’Tian 86

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish1

Yi (Liangshan)phu³⁴morphemego³³ ‘dry (grain); dry (road)’Ma 08 Yi: index

6.1.2.2Central Loloish2

Lahu (Black)gô ‘dried up and brittle; dehydrated’Matisoff 88 DL: p. 410

Lahu (Black)gô be v.‘dried up’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 381

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3

Hani (Dazhai)gɯ³³ ‘thirsty’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Dazhai)gɯ³³ ‘thirsty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 898.31

Hani (Gelanghe)gɯ³³ ‘thirsty’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old)khəmx ‘thirsty / dry’Coblin 86: 148

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #116, *k(w)am ‘THIRSTY / DRIED OUT’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/116

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: PLB *n-kam

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-116,
  title  = {{*k(w)am 'THIRSTY / DRIED OUT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #116},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/116}
}