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STEDT #183

*(t/d)ow-n

THICK
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handletowinitialtrhymeow=tow~dcoverT · WT

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*tu¹ ‘THICK / BLUNT’DL:679

Chinese comparandum

敦 OC *twən, GSR #464p ‘solid; thick’; Schuessler 2007:220 *tûn; B & S 2011: *tˁur ; Mand. dūn.
焞 OC *t’wən, GSR #464r ‘ample; complete’; Schuessler 2007:220 *thûn; B & S 2011: *tʰˁur; Mand. tūn.
醇 OC *d̂i̯wən, GSR #464f ‘pure, unadulterated; generous’; Schuessler 2007:220 *dun; B & S 2011: (*dur); Mand. chún.
淳 OC *d̂i̯wən, GSR #464e ‘ample’; Schuessler 2007:220 *dun; B & S 2011: *dur {[d]ur}; Mand. chún.
肫 OC *t̂i̯wən, GSR #427m ‘sincere; diligent’; Schuessler 2007:220 *tun; B & S 2011: (*tun); Mand. zhūn.

Reflexes & cognates86 reflexes · 8 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmantow-n ⪤ dow-n ‘thick’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 615
*Tibeto-Burmantow~dow ‘thick’Chou 72: 427k

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

6.1.2Loloish3

PNLtu¹ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish29

Lalothò ‘thick (gruel)’Björverud 94
Lalothú ‘thick (cloth)’Björverud 94
Lalothu̪⁵⁵ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.
Liphothu³³ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.
Nasuthu²¹ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.
Neisuthu²¹ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.
Nesuthu²¹ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.
Nosutu³³ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.
Nusu (Northern)thu³¹ ‘thick’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)thuɐ³¹ ‘thick (liquid)’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)thuə⁵⁵uɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘thick (liquid)’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)thu⁵⁵ ‘thick’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Liangshan)a³³prefixtu³³ ‘thick (flat things)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)di³³morphemetu³³ ‘thick-skinned’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)tu³³ ‘multi-layered; thick’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Nanhua)tɯ⁵⁵ ‘thick (porridge)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1030.37
Yi (Nanjian)thu̪⁵⁵ ‘thick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 813.23
Yi (Xide)a³³prefixtu³³ ‘thick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 813.21
Yi (Xide)ɑ³³prefixtu³³ adj‘thick’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0980.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish22

Ahitho² ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.
Jinuoa³³prefixthu⁵⁵ ‘thick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 813.34
Jinuoa³³prefixtʰu⁵⁵ ‘thick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 811.34
Jinuoa⁴⁴prefixthu⁴⁴ adj‘thick’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0980.44
Jinuo (Youle)thu⁴² ‘thick’Gai 86
Kucongthv55 ‘thick’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Yellow)tho¹ ‘thick’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)a²¹prefixthy⁵⁵thy³³ V‘pretty thick’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)htu⁴ ‘thick’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)pa²¹morphemepa²¹morpheme thu³³thu³³ V‘wide and thick’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)thu³³ V‘thick; dense’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Luquan)thu³³ ‘thick’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisuthu̱³³ adj‘thick’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0980.40
Lisu (Northern)thu³³thu²¹mu³³morpheme ‘thick’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Yongsheng)thu³⁵ ‘thick’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisuthu⁴⁴ ‘thick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 813.27
Sani [Nyi]thu³³ ‘thick’Chen 86 CS: 109.

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish13

Akha (Yunnan)jɔmorpheme thú ‘thick’Hansson 89 AHKP: 157
Akhathú ‘thick’Hansson 89 AHKP: 157
Hani (Gelanghe)thɔ⁵⁵ ‘thick (liquid)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Mpithu⁵ ‘thick’Hansson 89 AHKP: 157
Mpithu⁵ ‘thick’Srinuan 76
Pyenʔaŋ33morpheme thu45 ‘thick’Shintani 09 Pyen: 204018
Silaphɛ21morpheme thu55 ‘thick’Kato 08 Lao: 234

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5

Azhatʰœ²¹ ‘THICK (2d)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1054
Southern Mujitʰɯ²¹ ‘THICK (2d)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1054
Pholatʰu⁵⁵ ‘THICK (2d)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1054
Hlepho Phowatʰo²¹ ‘THICK (2d)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1054
Phuzatʰɯ³¹ ‘THICK (2d)’Pelkey 11 Phula: 1054

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #183, *(t/d)ow-n ‘THICK’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/183
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#319, HPTB pp. 181, 222, 224, 226, 228, 452, 515
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-183,
  title  = {{*(t/d)ow-n 'THICK'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #183},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/183}
}