STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Action Verbs with Patient
STEDT #2237

*gyi ⪤ *dzyi

RIDE / SIT ASTRIDE / SIT (HORSE)
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlegiinitialgrhymeicoverK · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*gyi ⪤ *dzyi ‘RIDE (HORSE, VEHICLE)’STC p.184

Connections

HPTB*gyi ⪤ *dzyi ‘ride (horse)’pp. 188, 200

Notes

STC p.184 reconstructs PLB *gi. Many of the TB forms seem to be borrowings from Chinese 騎 OC g'ia [GSR 1-u]. However, this is evidently an East Asian Wanderwort (cf. Siamese khìi), and Benedict surmises that it is an ancient loan into PST from Austro-Tai [STC n. 484; 1975a, p. 252].

Reflexes & cognates126 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmangyi ⪤ dzyi ‘ride (horse)’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 592

1.7.3.2Asakian1

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Pattani [Manchati]temorpheme◦tʃi v.‘ride’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

3.1Tangut3

Tangut [Xixia]tswe̱ (tswe) ‘sit, squat on the heels’Li 97 Tangut: 3770

3.2Qiangic19

Ersundzɛ⁵⁵ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.18
Lyuzudze⁵³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.18
Muyaqhə̱³³morpheme ndza⁵³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.15
Muya [Minyak]qhɯ³⁵morphemendza³⁵ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.15
Namuyitsɛ³³ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.19
Namuyitsæ⁵³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.46
Pumi (Jiulong)dzɛi³⁵ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.10
Pumi (Taoba)nə³⁵morphemedze³⁵ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.10
Qiang (Longxi)tsà ‘ride, straddle’Evans 99 Qiang: 2240
Qiang (Longxi)tə̀morpheme tsà zɨ́morpheme ‘make ride (horse)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2241
Qiang (Mawo)qɛmorpheme tʃɛ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.08
Qiang (Mianchi)tsà ‘ride, straddle’Evans 99 Qiang: 2240
Qiang (Mianchi)tsà zɨ̀morpheme ‘ride (horse) (CAUS)’Evans 99 Qiang: 2241
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lə³⁵morphemetso⁵⁵ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.16
Xumidzæ⁵³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.17
Xumidzɛ³⁵ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.20
Zhaba (Daofu County)a³³morpheme ndʑʌ⁵⁵ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.14

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofucçhi v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.12

5Tujia5

Tujia (Southern)dʑi¹³ ‘ride’Tian 86
Tujiatɕi⁵³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.49
Tujiatɕi⁵³ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.38
Tujia (Northern)tɕi⁵⁵ ‘ride’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesedzey² ‘ride (as horse)’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 36

6.1.1Burmish23

Achang (Lianghe)tɕi³¹ ‘ride’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)tɕi⁵¹ ‘ride’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)tsi³¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.29
Bola (Luxi)tʃui³¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.32
Burmese (Rangoon)si⁵⁵ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.27
Burmese (Written)cî ‘ride (as horse)’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 36
Burmese (Written)cî be v.‘mounted on, ride’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)tsi ‘ride (horse)’Chou 72: 1u
Langsu (Luxi)tʃui³⁵ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.31
Leqi (Luxi)tʃyː³³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.33
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃi²¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃi²¹thep⁵⁵morpheme n‘whip’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0597.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃi²¹thep⁵⁵morpheme ‘whip’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 430.42

6.1.2Loloish4

Lolophodze ‘ride (horse)’Benedict 72 STC: 184n484
PNLdzi² ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish25

Gazhuotsɤ³¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.47
Lalodzè ‘ride’Björverud 94
Lalodze²¹ ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.
Liphodzɛ²¹ ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.
Nasudzɔ³³ ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.
Neisudzɛ³³ ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.
Nesudzɛ³³ ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.
Nosudzi³³ ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.
Nusu (Northern)dzɯ³¹ ‘ride’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)dzɯ³¹ ‘ride’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)dzɯ³¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.34
Yi (Liangshan)di³³morphemeʣɿ³³ ‘ride (straddling)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ʣɿ³³ ‘bear (a rider); carry (a rider); ride (straddling)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ʦɿ³³ ‘ride (straddling)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Nanhua)dzæ²¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.37
Yi (Weishan)dzᴇ²¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.36
Yi (Wuding)dzɔ³³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.38
Yi (Xide)dzɿ³³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish16

Ahidza²¹ ‘ride’Chen 86 CS: 127.
Ahidze ‘ride (horse)’Benedict 72 STC: 184n484
Jinuo (Youle)tsɤ⁴⁴ ‘ride’Gai 86
Jinuotsɯ³³ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.34
Jinuotsɯ⁴⁴ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.44
Lahu (Lancang)tɕi⁵³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.43
Lahu (Black)cî ‘ride (as horse)’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 36
Lahu (Yellow)tɕɯ¹ v.‘ride (e.g. horse)’Chang 86
Lisudzi ‘ride (horse)’Benedict 72 STC: 184n484
Lisu (Central)dzï⁵ v.‘ride’Fraser 22
Lisu (Luquan)dzəɹ³¹ v‘ride (horse, etc.)’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)dzɤ²¹ V‘ride; sit; take’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisudzɯ̱³¹ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.40
Lisudzɯ³¹ ‘ride’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 571.27
Lisu (Yongsheng)dzɯɹ³¹ v‘ride (horse, etc.)’Xu 86 Lisu

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5

Azhaʦʌ²² ‘ride; ride on’Pelkey 11 Phula: 827
Southern Mujiʥɪ³³ ‘ride; ride on’Pelkey 11 Phula: 827
Pholaʣi³¹ ‘ride; ride on’Pelkey 11 Phula: 827
Hlepho Phowaʥi²¹ ‘ride; ride on’Pelkey 11 Phula: 827
Phuzaʣɛ¹³ ‘ride; ride on’Pelkey 11 Phula: 827

6.2Naxi5

Laze (Xiangjiao)dzɯ˩ v.‘ride (a horse)’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3027
Na (Yongning)ɖʐæ˧ v.‘ride (a horse)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxidzæ³³ v.‘ride (a horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1566.45

7Karenic1

Karentshe³¹nɔ³³ v.‘sit down’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1819.50

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2237, *gyi ⪤ *dzyi ‘RIDE / SIT ASTRIDE / SIT (HORSE)’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2237
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC p.184, HPTB pp. 34, 66, 291
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2237,
  title  = {{*gyi ⪤ *dzyi 'RIDE / SIT ASTRIDE / SIT (HORSE)'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2237},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2237}
}