Culture, Artifacts, Religion › Culinary verbs

STEDT #2316

*s-(k/g)lak

COOK / COOKED / BOIL

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleklakinitialkl⪤glrhymeakcoverK · LT

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*glak ‘BOIL’

Lolo-Burmese*ʔglak ‘CAUSE TO BOIL’

Connections

HPTB*glak ‘cooked’p. 70

Notes

This etymon has developed a simplex/causative pair; cf. WB kyak ‘come to a boil’ ⪤ khyak ‘cause to boil’. The Loloish forms so far discovered descend from the pre-glottalized (i.e., causative) variant of the root.

Reflexes & cognates96 reflexes · 14 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmanglak ‘cooked’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 595

*Tibeto-Burmanklak v‘cook / boil’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 595

*Tibeto-Burmanklak ‘cook’Benedict 72 STC: 124

*Tibeto-Burmanklak ⪤ *glak ‘cook, boil’LaPolla 87: 176

*Tibeto-Burmansprefix-glak v‘cook / boil’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 595

1.2.2Central Chin2

Lushai [Mizo]tlak ‘boil / cook without salt’LaPolla 87: 176

Lushai [Mizo]tlak ‘boil / cook without salt’Benedict 72 STC: 124

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1

Lotha Nagae¹prefix-lak²- v.‘boil (vt./vi.)’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

Mikir [Karbi]armorpheme◦klak ~armorpheme◦klok ‘boil over’LaPolla 87: 176

Mikir [Karbi]armorpheme◦klak ⪤ armorpheme◦klok ‘boil over’Benedict 72 STC: 124

Mikir [Karbi]armorpheme◦klok v‘boil’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.1Jingpho1

Jingphokhya ‘prepare glutinous rice’Benedict 72 STC: 124

3.2Qiangic21

Ersutʃo⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.18

Guiqiongji³⁵morphemeʃa⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.16

Guiqiongʃɑ⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.17

Muyakhi³³morphemetsə⁵³ v.‘cook / boil (rice)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.15

Muya [Minyak]khi³⁵morphemetsɯ⁵³ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.15

Muya [Minyak]tsuɯ⁵³ v.i.‘boil’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 771.15

Namuyitʂa³⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.19

Namuyitʂa³⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.46

Pumi (Lanping)xqo⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.09

Pumi (Qinghua)sqo⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.11

Qiang (Longxi)qò ‘boil (porridge)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1630

Qiang (Longxi)qò ‘boil’Evans 99 Qiang: 2596

Qiang (Mawo)ʂqu v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.08

Qiang (Mawo)ʂqu ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.8

Qiang (Mianchi)qà ‘boil (porridge)’Evans 99 Qiang: 1630

Qiang (Mianchi)qà v.i.‘boil’Evans 99 Qiang: 2093

Qiang (Mianchi)qà ‘boil’Evans 99 Qiang: 2596

Qiang (Taoping)χqɑ³³ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.9

Queyu (Xinlong)ʂqua⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.13

Xumitɕe⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.20

Xumitɕyi⁵³ v.‘cook / boil (rice)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.17

3.3.1rGyalrong4

rGyalrongkaprefix ska ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.12

Caodengkɐprefix-sqɐ v.t.‘boil (meat; potato)’Sun J 97 Cao

rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɑprefix skɑ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.11

rGBenzhenkaprefix-ska v.t.‘boil’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmeseglak ‘boil’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 61(a)

*Lolo-Burmeseʔglak ‘boil, cause to’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 61(b)

6.1.1Burmish19

Bola (Luxi)tʃaʔ⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.32

Burmese (Rangoon)tɕhɛʔ⁴ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.27

Burmese (Standard Spoken)hce' ‘cook’Okell 71

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)tɕhɛʔ⁴⁴ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.40

Burmese (Written)khjɑk ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.39

Burmese (Written)khjɑk⁴ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.26

Burmese (Written)khyak ‘cook’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)khyak ‘cook’Okell 71

Burmese (Inscriptional)khyak ‘cook’Okell 71

Burmese (Written)khyak ‘cook, prepare by fire’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)khyak ‘cook’LaPolla 87: 176

Burmese (Written)khyak ‘cook’Benedict 72 STC: 39n125

Burmese (Written)kyak vs.‘cooked’Benedict 72 STC: 124

Inthahce' ‘cook’Okell 71

Langsu (Luxi)tʃɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.31

Marmakhyaʔ ‘cook’Huziwara 08 Sak: 81a

Maru [Langsu]tʃɔ̱ʔ⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.43

Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃo̱ʔ⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃo̱ʔ⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.42

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish14

Nusu (Southern)kiɔ̱⁵³ ‘cook / boil’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)tɕa̱⁵³ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.34

Nusu (Bijiang)tɕɑ⁵³ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.45

Nusu (Northern)tɕɑ̱⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Dafang)tsa¹³ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.22

Yi (Mile)tɕe̱⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.25

Yi (Mojiang)dʑe²¹ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.26

Yi (Nanhua)tɕe̱⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.37

Yi (Nanhua)tʂᴀ̱⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.24

Yi (Nanjian)tɕi̱²¹ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.23

Yi (Weishan)tɕɪ̱²¹ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.36

Yi (Wuding)tʂɑ̱⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.38

Yi (Xide)tɕo⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.35

Yi (Xide)tɕo⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish10

Jinuotʃha⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.34

Jinuotʃha⁵⁵tʃa⁵⁵morphemeve³³morpheme v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.44

Jinuo (Youle)tʃhɑ⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil’Gai 86

Lahucá v.‘boil’Benedict 72 STC: 124

Lahu (Lancang)tɕɑ³⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.43

Lahu (Black)tsᴀ³⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.33

Lahu (Yellow)tsa⁴ ‘cook / boil’Chang 86

Lisutɕɑ⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.40

Lisutʃɑ⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.27

Yi (Sani)tɕe⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish13

Akha (Thai)tjàq ‘boil, cook’Hansson 89 AHKP: 453

Akha (Yunnan)tjàq/tsàq ‘boil, cook’Hansson 89 AHKP: 453

Hani (Lüchun)tjàq ‘boil, cook’Hansson 89 AHKP: 453

Hani (Dazhai)tɕa̱³¹ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.31

Hani (Lüchun)tɕa̱³¹ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.41

Hani (Pijo)tshà ‘boil, cook’Hansson 89 AHKP: 453

Hani (Caiyuan)tsha̱³¹ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.30

Hani (Gelanghe)tɕa̱³¹ ‘cook / boil’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Wordlist)javq ‘boil, cook’Hansson 89 AHKP: 453

Haonitʃha³¹ ‘boil, cook’Hansson 89 AHKP: 453

Hani (Shuikui)tʃha³¹ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.32

Hani (Khatu)tshà ‘boil, cook’Hansson 89 AHKP: 453

Hani (Mojiang)tʃha³¹ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.42

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish3

Azhaʨɛ̠⁴⁵ ‘cook; boil’Pelkey 11 Phula: 693

Southern Mujiʨɛ²¹ ‘cook; boil’Pelkey 11 Phula: 693

Phuzaʨi⁵⁵ ‘cook; boil’Pelkey 11 Phula: 693

6.2Naxi5

Laze (Xiangjiao)tɕɤ˩ v.‘boil, cook thoroughly, bring to a boil’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3115

Na (Yongning)tɕɤ˧˥ v.‘boil, to cook thoroughly’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Naxitɕiə⁵⁵ v.‘cook / boil’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1804.45

Naxi (Yongning)tɕə¹³ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.29

Naxi (Lijiang)tɕə⁵⁵ ‘cook / boil (rice)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 627.28

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2316, *s-(k/g)lak ‘COOK / COOKED / BOIL’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2316

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#124, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2316,
  title  = {{*s-(k/g)lak 'COOK / COOKED / BOIL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2316},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2316}
}