STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Movement  ›  Downward
STEDT #2804

*zak

DESCEND
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlezakinitialzrhymeakcoverS · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*zakᴸ ‘DESCEND’cf. STC p.30, HPTB p.28

Connections

HPTB (PLB)*zakᴸ ‘descend’p. 28
HPTB*zak ‘descend’pp. 317, 482, 513

Notes

There is a possible allofamic relationship between this root and #531 PTB *s/ʔ-yuk DESCEND.

Reflexes & cognates60 reflexes · 13 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]za- ‘motion down to speaker’Peterson 14

3.2Qiangic14

Ersuȵi³³morphemeji⁵⁵ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.18
Guiqiongmi³⁵morphemeji³³nɛ⁵⁵morpheme ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.17
Lyuzune³³morphemedʐæ⁵³ v.‘land / descend’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1418.18
Muya [Minyak]nɯ³³morphemexɯ⁵³ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.15
Pumi (Lanping)ʃɑ¹³ v.‘land / descend’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1418.09
Pumi (Qinghua)nə¹³morphemeʃə⁵⁵ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.11
Pumi (Taoba)nə³⁵morphemezə³⁵ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.10
Qiang (Longxi)ɦàmorpheme sì ‘drop, descend, land’Evans 99 Qiang: 2036
Qiang (Longxi)ɦàmorpheme sì zɨ́morpheme ‘make drop’Evans 99 Qiang: 2037
Qiang (Mawo)ɑmorpheme ʁɑ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.8
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ne³⁵morphemelə³⁵morphemeɕu⁵⁵ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.16
Xumimiæ³³morphemeʑyæ⁵⁵ v.‘land / descend’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1418.17
Xumimiɛ⁵⁵morphemezi³³ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.20

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofunəmorpheme dza v.‘land / descend’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1418.12
Ergong (Danba)nɛmorpheme ʐo ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.14

3.3.1rGyalrong1

rGyalrongkɐmorpheme jə ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.12

4Nungic1

Trung [Dulong]dzɑʔ⁵⁵ v‘rain’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 750.46

6.1Lolo-Burmese3

6.1.1Burmish8

Achang (Lianghe)tsɑ³¹ ‘descend’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)tsɔʔ⁵⁵ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.41
Achang (Luxi)ʑa⁵¹ ‘descend’Dai 85 AcJZ
Burmese (Written)sak ‘go down, descend’Benedict 76 WBur
Marmaθaʔ ‘descend / go down’Huziwara 08 Sak: 237

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishʒakᴸ ‘descend’Bradley 79 PLo: 653
*Loloishʒakᴸ ‘descend’Hansson 89 AHKP: 478

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish7

Gazhuoza⁵³tshi³³morphemeli³³morpheme v.‘land / descend’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1418.47
Lalojìq ‘go down’Björverud 94
Luquanza 55c ‘descend’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 121
Nasudza 55 ‘descend’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 121
Yi (Mile)ze̱²¹ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.25

6.1.2.2Central Loloish18

Ahizɛ 44s ‘descend’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 121
Jinuoza³³ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.34
Jinuo (Youle)zɑ⁵⁵ ‘descend’Gai 86
Lahu (Black)yàʔ (< PLB *zak) ‘descend’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 363
Lahu (Black)zᴀ²¹ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.33
Lahu (Yellow)ʑa⁵ ‘descend’Chang 86
Lisu (Northern)jæʔ²¹la³³morpheme V‘descend; drop’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisurá6 ‘descend’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 121
Lisu (Central)rá⁶-lye³morpheme v.‘descend’Fraser 22
Lisuyà c ‘descend’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 121
Lisu (Northern)zæʔ²¹gi³³morpheme ‘go down’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)zæʔ²¹je³³morpheme ‘go down’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)zæʔ²¹tshe³³morpheme ‘lower; descend’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuzɛ̱³¹ v.‘land / descend’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1418.40
Lisuzɛ⁴¹ ‘descend’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 744.27

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish6

Akhazàq ‘descend’Hansson 89 AHKP: 478
Akha (Thai)zàq ‘go down, descend’Hansson 89 AHKP: 478
Hani (Lüchun)zàq ímorpheme ‘go down, descend’Hansson 89 AHKP: 478
Hani (Wordlist)ssavq ‘go down, descend’Hansson 89 AHKP: 478

6.2Naxi2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2804, *zak ‘DESCEND’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2804
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC p.30, HPTB p.28
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2804,
  title  = {{*zak 'DESCEND'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2804},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2804}
}