Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production › Convergence › Mix

STEDT #3524

*s-ŋywal

MIX / STIR

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

initialhwrhymeəlcoverH · L

Intermediate reconstructions

Northern Chin*hil ⪤ *hel ‘MIX’PKC #727 ("PNC")

Connections

HPTB*hwel ‘mix / stir’p. 420

HPTB*ŋwal ‘mix / stir’p. 408

Notes

This reconstruction replaces hwel offered in HPTB:420. It is meant to accommodate both the forms with velar nasal initials and those with initial hw- or ∅-.

The Tangkhul doublet húy / núy seems to offer support to the complex initial consonant sequence we reconstruct.

Reflexes & cognates33 reflexes · 14 subgroups

Thadohêl-I, hèl-II ‘mix’VanBik 09 PKC: 727

Tiddimhel¹ ‘mix’VanBik 09 PKC: 727

Tiddimhel¹ v‘mix (tr.)’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 440

Tiddimhel¹ ‘mix (tr.)’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.3.4Tangkhulic2

Tangkhulhúy ‘mix’Bhat 69 TNV: 92

Tangkhulnúy ‘mix’Bhat 69 TNV: 92

1.7.1.4Deori2

Deori/Deuriu ‘mix’Brown 95: 73

Deori/Deuriu-rimorpheme v.‘mix’Jacquesson 05 Deuri

2.1.4Tamangish3

*TGTMᴬʰwal ‘stir’Mazaudon 94 These: 921

Tamang (Risiangku)¹wal ‘stir / mix / row / paddle’Mazaudon 94 These: 921

Tamang (Sahu)¹wal ‘stoke, to stir up fire’Mazaudon 94 These: 921

2.3.2Southern Kiranti1

Kulungŋal-umorpheme v.‘mix’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Dumihɨl◦nɨmorpheme ‘mix, blend, mix up’Driem 93 Dumi

Khalingwāl-nyāsuffix v.‘mix / stir’Matisoff 96 LITB: 40

2.3.4Western Kiranti3

Thulunghil(s)- v.‘mash, squash, stir’Allen 75

Thulunghir- v.‘stir back and forth, as DhiDo’Allen 75

Thulungŋol- v.‘knead, mix’Allen 75

6.1.1Burmish3

Atsi [Zaiwa]ŋio⁵⁵ v.‘mix / blend / mingle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1393.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]ŋjo̱⁵⁵ v.‘mix (cause to)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1394.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]ŋjo̱⁵⁵ v.‘mix (powder) with water’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1399.30

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish7

Lalohuq v‘mix’Björverud 94

Yi (Liangshan)hɔ³³ ‘dilute; mix (different things together); mix (stir); stir (mix)’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Weishan)ho³³ v.‘mix / blend / mingle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1393.36

Yi (Weishan)ho³³ v.‘mix (cause to)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1394.36

Yi (Wuding)hu̱² v.‘mix (cause to)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1394.38

Yi (Wuding)hu̱² v.‘mix (powder) with water’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1399.38

Yi (Xide)hɔ³³ v.‘mix (powder) with water’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1399.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish2

Lisu (Northern)hø̃³⁵ V‘mix; stir; blend’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)hø̃³⁵hø̃³⁵ tɕæʔ²¹morphemetɕæʔ²¹morpheme ‘mix; mixed disorderly’Bradley 94 Lisu

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Hani (Shuikui)xɤ³³ ‘stir / churn’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 638.32

6.2Naxi2

Naxixo⁵⁵xo³³ v.‘mix / blend / mingle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1393.45

Naxixo⁵⁵xo³³ v.‘mix (cause to)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1394.45

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #3524, *s-ŋywal ‘MIX / STIR’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3524

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: JAM-LITB 6.2

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-3524,
  title  = {{*s-ŋywal 'MIX / STIR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3524},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3524}
}