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STEDT #5382

*dz(y)ay-s

QUOTATIVE PARTICLE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Notes

The final *-s is attested both in WT and rGyalrongic.

This particle is evidently a grammaticalization of a full verb meaning ‘speak’. Loloish seems to have differentiated these two senses, leading to a doublet džay²/¹ ‘quotative particle’ and dze² ‘speak’.

Reflexes & cognates75 reflexes · 13 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burmandz(y)ay-s ‘quotative particle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 589
*Tibeto-Burmandʒay ⪤ tʃay ‘quotative particle’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 104

2.1.2Bodic1

Baimadzø³⁵ v‘speak’Sun H 91 Baim: 3.8.1

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Written)ces ‘so (like that)’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)c̀es ‘so, thus’Jäschke’s definition (p. 142): “so, thus; in ancient literature regularly placed after words or thoughts that are literally quoted”.Matisoff 85 GSTC: 104

2.3.3Central Kiranti4

Dumidzeː- v.‘speak, to talk’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 165
Dumidzeːt- v.‘call, to address, to speak’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 165
Dumidzeː◦nɨ ‘speak, talk.’Driem 93 Dumi

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]tshji̱j (tshjij) ‘speak, talk, say’Li 97 Tangut: 5612

3.2Qiangic8

Pumi (Qinghua)tʃə¹³ ‘speak’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Qinghua)tʃə⁵⁵ ‘say / speak’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 545.11
Pumi (Taoba)tɕɨ³⁵ ‘speak’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)tɕɨ³⁵ ‘say / speak’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 545.10
Qiang (Taoping)dʑi²³¹ ‘speak’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)dʑi²⁴¹ ‘say / speak’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 545.9

3.3.1rGyalrong49

rGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi)kaprefix◦'rjumorpheme / kaprefix◦'tsis v‘say’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0904
rGyalrong (NW)kaprefix◦tsʰə v‘speak’Sun H 91 rNW: 3.8.1
Caodengkɐ́prefix-tsə ‘say; speak’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengkɐ́prefix-tsə ‘speak’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Leilecun Duoguozu)ta44prefixmi44morpheme ka22prefixtsɨ44 v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901
rGyalrong (Baoxing Qiaoqi Yuojie)taprefix◦mimorpheme◦'kaprefix◦tsə v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Mupo)taprefix◦mimorpheme◦'kaprefix◦tsə v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Taipingqiao)taprefix◦mimorpheme◦'namorpheme◦tsəs v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Zhailong)taprefix◦mimorpheme◦kaprefix◦'tsəs v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)to3prefix'tsə5sej1morpheme v‘say’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0904
rGyalrong (Hongyuan Shuajinsi Selong)tərjomorpheme◦'kaprefix◦tsə v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901
rGyalrong (Jinchuan Manai Genza)tə³prefixmə⁵morphemedə³morphemetsəs³ v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Munashan)ˊkomorpheme tsəs / ˊkomorpheme rjumorpheme v‘speak’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0901

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmesedžay²/¹ ‘quotative particle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 589
*Lolo-Burmesedʒay¹/² ‘quotative particle’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 104

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishjay¹/²/³ ‘quotative’Bradley 79 PLo: 861

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish5

Nusu (Central)dʑɑ⁵³ ‘say’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)tu³¹morpheme dʐa̱⁵³ ‘speak’Dai 89 NusB: 2263.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)tu³¹morpheme dʑa̱³¹ ‘speak’Dai 89 NusA: 2263.
Nusu (Central)tu³¹morphemedʐa̱⁵³ v.‘speak’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1649.34
Yi (Liangshan)ʥɿ⁵⁵ ‘say; speak’Ma 08 Yi: index

6.1.2.2Central Loloish1

Lahu (Black)cê ‘quotative prt.’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 104

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3

Akhadjé ‘quotative particle’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 104
Akhaje⁵⁵ ‘quotative particle’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 104

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish2

Pholaʣɨ̠²³ ‘say’Pelkey 11 Phula: 612
Pholaʣɨ³³ ‘speak’Pelkey 11 Phula: 617

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5382, *dz(y)ay-s ‘QUOTATIVE PARTICLE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5382
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 208,477
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5382,
  title  = {{*dz(y)ay-s 'QUOTATIVE PARTICLE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5382},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5382}
}