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STEDT #5398

*k-ra(p/m)

NEEDLE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Notes

A number of reflexes point to initial *r-, while many others reflect an initial velar; we are treating the velar element as prefixal, so that the reflexes with initial velar are deemed to have undergone prefix pre-emption. Written Burmese has an anomalous zero or glottal stop initial, a variational phenomenon which occurs in a considerable number of roots (see HPTB:57 and JAM 1997).

The Chinese comparandum has a final labial nasal.

Chinese comparandum

箴 OC *t̑i̯əm, GSR #671o; B & S 2011: *t.kəm {t.[k]əm}; Mand. zhēn.
簪 OC *tsəm /tṣi̯əm, GSR #660g ‘hairpin’; Schuessler 2007:600 *tsrəm; B & S 2011: *Cə.tsˁəm {Cə.[ts]ˁ[ə]m} ~ *tsrəm {tsr[ə]m}; Mand. zān.
譖 OC *tṣi̯əm, GSR #660j ‘accuse; slander’; Schuessler 2007:600 *tsrəms; B & S 2011: *tsrəm-s {[ts]r[ə]m-s}; Mand. zèn.

Reflexes & cognates51 reflexes · 14 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)8

*Tibeto-Burmank-rap ⪤ k-ram ‘needle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 609
*Tibeto-Burmankap=*kəp ‘needle’LaPolla 87: 193
*Tibeto-Burmanʔap ⪤ gaːp ‘needle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 583

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2

Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦jem n‘needle’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagao¹prefix-kjəm¹ n.‘needle’Bruhn 14 SuppCN

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

2.1.2.1Tibetan1

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepcharyúm n.‘needle’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Danba)ʁa vumorpheme ‘needle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 420.14
Daofuʁɑ◦rmorpheme n‘needle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0578.12

3.3.1rGyalrong5

rGyalrongtaprefix kap ‘needle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 420.12
rGyalrongteprefix◦kyep ‘needle’LaPolla 87: 193
rGyalrongteprefix◦kyep ‘needle’Benedict 72 STC: 25n82
rGBenzhentaprefix-jap ‘needle’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmese(tprefix-)ɣap ‘needle’Weidert 87 TBTo: 667
*Lolo-Burmese(tprefix-)ɣap ‘needle’Benedict 72 STC: 52

6.1.1Burmish3

Phöntəɣet (< *təɣap) ‘needle’Benedict 72 STC: 52

9.0.1Old Chinese3

Chinese (Old/Mid)t̑i̯əm/tśi̯əm ‘needle’Chou 72: 671o
Chinese (Old)Kjɨ/um ‘needle’Baxter 92: 1837
Chinese (Old)t̂i̯əm ‘needle’Matisoff 83 TIL: 18

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Chinese (Mandarin)zhēn ‘needle’Evans 91

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5398, *k-ra(p/m) ‘NEEDLE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5398
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 336, 517
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5398,
  title  = {{*k-ra(p/m) 'NEEDLE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5398},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5398}
}