STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Movement  ›  Awkwardly, Irregularly, Abruptly
STEDT #5570

*dar ⪤ *d(u/i)r

TREMBLE / SHIVER (fear, cold)
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Notes

This root displays considerable vocalic alternation, ranging, e.g. from *dar (in Bodic) to *dur (in Tani) to *dir (in Tangkhulic). The -u- ⪤ -i- alternation is well established at all stages of TB (HPTB:493-505). The -a- ⪤ -u- alternation is attested but much rarer (see e.g. #1417 PTB *b-s(u/a)ŋ SMELL / SCENT / FRAGRANT [HPTB:513]).

The Written Burmese / Chin comparison is due to Kenneth VanBik.

A nasal prefix is attested in Bodic and Qiangic / rGyalrongic.

There is a promising Chinese comparandum.

Chinese comparandum

彈 OC *d’ɑ̂n, GSR #147n ‘shoot pellets; beat; shake’; Coblin 1986:152 ST *dar > OC *dan; Schuessler 2007:206, 489 *dân; B & S 2011: *dˁar {(Cə.)[d]ˁar}; Mand. tán.
彈 OC *d’ɑ̂n, GSR #147n ‘bow for shooting pellets; pellet’; Schuessler 2007:490 *dâns; B & S 2011: *Cə.dˁar-s {Cə.[d]ˁar-s}; Mand. dàn.
憚 OC *d’ɑ̂n, GSR #147o ‘fear, dislike’; Coblin 86:152 ST *dar > OC *danh; Schuessler 2007:206 *dâns; Mand. dàn.
戰 OC *t̂i̯ɑn, GSR #147r ‘tremble, fear; fight, battle, war’; Schuessler 2007:206, 605 *tans; B & S 2011: *tar-s; Mand. zhàn.

The Chinese/Tibetan comparison is due to Coblin 1986:152. The Chinese word has meanings ranging from ‘shoot pellets’ to ‘beat’ to ‘play on a stringed instrument’ to ‘shake’. The semantic development to the latter meaning is probably due to the trembling of a string being played.

S611 娠 振 晨

Reflexes & cognates50 reflexes · 14 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetandar ‘tremble / fear’Coblin 86: 152

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmantur ‘tremble / shake / pulse’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 616

1.1.1.1Western Tani5

Bengnitammorpheme-dɯr ‘tremble’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokartupmorpheme dɯr v.‘shiver / tremble’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1303.24
Bokartəpmorpheme-dɯr ‘tremble’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobatəpmorpheme dur ‘tremble’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 777.51
Bokar Lhobatəpmorpheme◦dɯr ‘shake, shiver’Sun H 80 MLD

1.2.2Central Chin2

Lai (Hakha)tur ‘tremble, shake, pulse’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 396
Lushai [Mizo]tur v‘shake, tremble’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 396

1.3.4Tangkhulic3

Tangkhulthir ‘tremble’Bhat 69 TNV: 99
Ukhrulkəmorpheme-kəmorpheme-tʰir ‘tremble’Mortensen 12 Tk
Ukhrulkəmorpheme-kʰəmorpheme-tʰir ‘tremble, shake, have epilepsy’Mortensen 12 Tk

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Pattani [Manchati]dar dar◦simorpheme - dar◦bumorpheme ‘tremble / shiver / shudder’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 12.1

2.1.2Bodic1

2.1.2.1Tibetan15

Tibetan (Batang)ndaʔ⁵³ ‘tremble / shiver / shudder’Dai 89 Bata: 12.1
Tibetan (Batang)nda⁵³ v.‘shiver / tremble’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1303.03
Tibetan (Lhasa)tar¹³ v.‘shiver / tremble’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1303.02
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)dar◦kenmorpheme ‘tremble / shiver / shudder’Bishop 89: 12.1
Spitidar◦šemorpheme ‘tremble / shiver / shudder’Bodh 91: 12.1
Tibetan (Written)'dar-bamorpheme ‘tremble, shudder, shiver with fear / cold’Coblin 86: 693

2.1.4Tamangish7

*TGTMᴬdar ‘tremble’Mazaudon 94 These: 510
Tamang (Risiangku)³tar v‘shiver, shake, be in a tran’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 12.1
Tamang (Risiangku)³tar ‘tremble / vibrate / be in a trance’Mazaudon 94 These: 510
Thakalitahr-lamorpheme v‘tremble’Hale 73 CSD: 02b1.40
Thakali (Marpha)¹¹'¹¹taʱr-bamorpheme ‘shake / tremble’Mazaudon 94 These: 510
Thakali (Tukche)tɔhr-lɔmorpheme ‘tremble’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.B.1.40
Thakali (Tukche)³tər ‘shake / tremble’morphemeMazaudon 94 These: 510

3.2Qiangic1

Queyu (Xinlong)ndɛr¹³ndɛ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘shiver / tremble’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1303.13

3.3.1rGyalrong7

rGyalrongkɐprefix ndɐr ‘tremble’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 777.12
rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɐprefix wɐmorpheme dɐr dɐr v.‘shiver / tremble’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1303.11
Caodengkɐprefix-ndɐr ‘tremble’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Eastern)kəprefix (~namorpheme) dar ‘tremble / shiver / shudder’Sun H 91 rEQ: 12.1
rGyalrongkəprefix dɛr ‘tremble / shiver / shudder’Dai 89 Jiar: 12.1
rGyalrongkAprefix Ndar ‘tremble’Nagano 97 GyQ: 12.1
rGBenzhenkɐprefix-vɐmorpheme ndɐmorpheme-ndɐr ‘tremble’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic3

Dulongɑ³¹prefixdɑn⁵³ v.‘shiver / tremble’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1303.20
Trung [Dulong]ɑ³¹prefixdɑ̆n⁵³ ‘tremble’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 777.46
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ɑ³¹prefix dɑ̆n⁵³ ‘shake’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish5

Burmese (Written)tun ‘tremble, shake’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)tun²khɑɑ²morpheme v.‘shake / quake’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1795.26

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5570, *dar ⪤ *d(u/i)r ‘TREMBLE / SHIVER (fear, cold)’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5570
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB p. 396
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-5570,
  title  = {{*dar ⪤ *d(u/i)r 'TREMBLE / SHIVER (fear, cold)'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5570},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5570}
}