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STEDT

Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production › Action Verbs with Patient › Assorted action verbs › Open/Close › Open

STEDT #5704

*pwa(ŋ/k)

OPEN

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*pwaŋ³ ‘OPEN’

Notes

This well-established root is found throughout the family.

Reflexes & cognates158 reflexes · 13 subgroups

1.1.2Deng9

Darang [Taraon]po v‘open’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]po³⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.22

Darang [Taraon]po³⁵ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.49

Darang [Taraon]po³⁵ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.49

Darang [Taraon]ʼpo-somorpheme adj‘open’Anonymous xx Tar

Kaman [Miju]pho⁵⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.23

Kaman [Miju]pho⁵⁵ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.48

Kaman [Miju]pho⁵⁵ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.48

Iduɑ³¹prefixpho⁵⁵ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.50

1.7.3.1Jingpho7

Jingphophoʔ³¹ ‘open (door)’Liu 84

Jingphophoʔ³¹ ‘open (lid)’Liu 84

Jingphophoʔ³¹ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.19

Jingphophoʔ³¹ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.19

Jingphophoʔ³¹ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.47

Jingphophoʔ³¹ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.47

Jingphophoʔ³¹ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.47

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakphwáŋ ‘open’Huziwara 08 Sak: 113

2.1.2Bodic1

Kaikepwang◦pāsuffix adj‘open’Hale 73 CSD: 12c.33

2.1.4Tamangish2

Manang (Gyaru)paŋ² V‘open’Nagano 84 Man: 113

Manang (Prakaa)³pʰaŋ- ‘open’Hoshi 84: 0363

4Nungic6

Anongphu ‘open’Benedict 72 STC: 260

Anongphuŋ⁵³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.44

Nungphuŋ⁵⁵ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.21

Nungphuŋ⁵⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.21

Dulongpuŋ⁵³ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.20

Trung [Dulong]puŋ⁵⁵ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.46

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmesepwaŋ³ ‘open’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 608

6.1.1Burmish46

Achang (Lianghe)phɯŋ³¹ ‘open (door)’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Lianghe)phɯŋ³¹ ‘open (lid)’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)phɔŋ³⁵ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.28

Achang (Longchuan)phɔŋ³⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.28

Achang (Longchuan)phɔŋ³⁵ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.41

Achang (Longchuan)phɔŋ³⁵ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.41

Achang (Luxi)phuaŋ⁵¹ ‘open (door)’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Luxi)phuaŋ⁵¹ ‘open (lid)’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Xiandao)phoŋ³⁵ ‘open (an umbrella)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1191.29

Achang (Xiandao)phoŋ³⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.29

Achang (Xiandao)phɔŋ³⁵ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.29

Achang (Xiandao)pʰoŋ³⁵ ‘open (door)’Dai 89 Xian: 2020

Bola (Luxi)phuŋ³⁵ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.32

Bola (Luxi)phuŋ³⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.32

Bolapʰuŋ³⁵ ‘open’Dai 89 Bola: 2020

Burmese (Rangoon)phwĩ⁵³ ‘open (an umbrella)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1191.27

Burmese (Rangoon)phwĩ⁵³ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.27

Burmese (Rangoon)phwĩ⁵³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)phwĩ⁵³ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.40

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)phwĩ⁵³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.40

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)phwĩ⁵³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.40

Burmese (Written)phwaṅʼ v‘open’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)phwaŋ' ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Burmese (Written)phwaŋʼ v.‘open’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)phwɑŋ¹ ‘open (an umbrella)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1191.26

Burmese (Written)phwɑŋ¹ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.26

Burmese (Written)phwɑŋ¹ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.26

Burmese (Written)phwɑŋ¹ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.39

Burmese (Written)phwɑŋ¹ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.39

Burmese (Written)phwɑŋ¹ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.39

Burmese (Written)pwaŋ' ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Burmese (Written)pwaŋʼ v.‘expand, open; blossom’Benedict 76 WBur

Langsu (Luxi)phuŋ⁵⁵ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.31

Langsu (Luxi)phuŋ⁵⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.31

Leqi (Luxi)jo³¹morphemephɔn⁵⁵ v.‘open up wasteland’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1466.33

Leqi (Luxi)phaːŋ⁵³ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.33

Leqi (Luxi)phaːŋ⁵³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.33

Marmaphwɔ̌ŋ ‘open’Huziwara 08 Sak: 113

Maru [Langsu]phuŋ⁵⁵ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.43

Maru [Langsu]phuŋ⁵⁵ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.43

Maru [Langsu]phuŋ⁵⁵ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.43

Atsi [Zaiwa]phoŋ⁵⁵ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]phoŋ⁵⁵ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]phoŋ⁵⁵ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]phoŋ⁵⁵ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]phoŋ⁵⁵ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.42

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishpwaŋ³ ‘open’Bradley 79 PLo: 714A

*Loloishpwaŋ³ ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish25

Nusu (Southern)phõ³¹ ‘open (door)’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Northern)phõ³⁵ ‘open (door)’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)phɔ̃³¹ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.34

Nusu (Bijiang)phɔ̃³¹ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.45

Nusu (Central)phɔ̃³¹khɹa³¹morpheme v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.34

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)pʰõ³¹ ‘open’Dai 89 NusA: 2020.

Nusu (Central)pʰɔ̃³¹ ‘open’Dai 89 NusB: 2020.

Yi (Dafang)pho²¹ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.22

Yi (Liangshan)pho²¹ ‘on, turn (valve or switch); open, cause to; release (open); turn on (a light); turn on (valve or switch)’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)phu³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.25

Yi (Mile)phu³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.25

Yi (Mile)phu³³zᴀ²¹morpheme ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.25

Yi (Nanhua)phu³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.37

Yi (Nanhua)phu³³ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.24

Yi (Nanhua)phu³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.24

Yi (Nanhua)phu³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.24

Yi (Nanhua)phu³³phe³³morpheme v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.37

Yi (Wuding)phv̩¹¹ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.38

Yi (Wuding)phv̩¹¹ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.38

Yi (Xide)pho²¹ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.35

Yi (Xide)pho²¹ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.35

Yi (Xide)pho²¹ v.‘open (the mouth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1785.35

Yi (Xide)pho²¹ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.21

Yi (Xide)pho²¹ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.21

Yi (Xide)pho²¹ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish25

Jinuo (Youle)pho³³ ‘open (door)’Gai 86

Jinuopho³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.44

Jinuo (Buyuan)phu¹¹ v‘open’Gai 86

Jinuophɔ³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.34

Jinuophɔ³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.34

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)pʰo³³ ‘open (as door)’Dai 89 JinA: 2092

Jinuo (Baka)pʰu³³ ‘open (as door)’Dai 89 JinB: 2092

Lahu (Lancang)phɔ³³ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.43

Lahu (Lancang)phɔ³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.43

Lahu (Lancang)xɛ³³morphemephɔ³³ v.‘open up wasteland’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1466.43

Lahu (Black)phɔ³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.33

Lahu (Yellow)phɔ¹ ‘open (door)’Chang 86

Lisubu³³morpheme; phu⁴⁴ ‘open (eye)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 531.27

Lisu (Central)hpu³ ‘open’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)phu³³ V‘open’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuphu̱³³ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.40

Lisuphu̱³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.40

Lisu (Northern)phu³³hã³⁵morpheme ‘open’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)phu³³phu³³ læ²¹morphemelæ²¹morpheme ‘open and above-board; just and honourable; openly’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuphu⁴⁴ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.27

Sani [Nyi]ne³³morpheme pʰu³³ ‘open eyes’Wu 84: 93.1

Sani [Nyi]ne³³morpheme sɿ²¹morpheme pʰu³³ ‘open eyes’Wu 84: 18.1

Sani [Nyi]ne³³morphemesi²¹morphemephu³³ ‘open eyes’Wu 84

Yi (Sani)phv̩³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.39

Yi (Sani)phv̩³³khæ³³morpheme v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish30

Akhaphaŋ ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Akha (Thai)phaŋ ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Akha (Yunnan)phaŋ ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Bisuphɔŋ ‘open’Bradley 9x Bisu

Hani (Lüchun)phɔ ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Hani (Dazhai)phɔ³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.31

Hani (Dazhai)phɔ³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.31

Hani (Lüchun)phɛ ‘open (mouth)’Hansson 89 AHKP: 12

Hani (Lüchun)phɔ³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.41

Hani (Lüchun)ɣɤ³³morphemephɔ³³ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.41

Hani (Pijo)phu ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Hani (Caiyuan)phu³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.30

Hani (Pijo)výmorpheme pho ‘release, open up’Hansson 89 AHKP: 309

Hani (Caiyuan)v̩⁵⁵morphemephu³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.30

Hani (Gelanghe)phaŋ³³ ‘open (door)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)ɣo̱³³morphemephaŋ³³ ‘open (lid)’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)phu³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.32

Hani (Shuikui)xɛ⁵⁵morphemephu³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.32

Hani (Khatu)júmorpheme phə ‘release, open up’Hansson 89 AHKP: 309

Hani (Khatu)kúmorpheme phə ‘open (mouth)’Hansson 89 AHKP: 12

Hani (Khatu)phy ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Hani (Khatu)tjhìmorpheme phý ‘open up, split’Hansson 89 AHKP: 531

Hani (Mojiang)phu³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.42

Hani (Mojiang)tɛ³¹morphemephu³³ ‘open (an umbrella)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1191.42

Hani (Mojiang)xɛ⁵⁵morphemephu³³ v.‘open’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1246.42

Mpiphuŋ³ ‘open by unlocking / unlock’Srinuan 76

Mpiphuŋ³/pjəŋ³ ‘open’Hansson 89 AHKP: 429

Mpipjɤŋ³ v.‘open (eyes)’Srinuan 76

Mpipjɤŋ³ v.‘unfold / open (the eyes)’Srinuan 76

Mpipjɤʔ¹ v.‘crack open / break / broken, be’Srinuan 76

6.2Naxi6

Na (Yongning)pʰu˧ v.‘open (e.g. a door)’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Naxi (Yongning)gə³¹morphemephu³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.29

Naxi (Lijiang)le⁵⁵morpheme; phu³³ ‘open (lid)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 659.28

Naxiphu³³ v.‘open (a door)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1461.45

Naxi (Lijiang)phu³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.28

Naxi (Yongning)phu³³ ‘open (door)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 658.29

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #5704, *pwa(ŋ/k) ‘OPEN’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5704

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-5704,
  title  = {{*pwa(ŋ/k) 'OPEN'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #5704},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/5704}
}