STEDT
The Body  ›  Body Parts  ›  Hungry  ›  Satiated/Full/Enough
STEDT #132

*l-(t/d)yam

FULL / FLAT / STRAIGHT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handletyamprefixlinitialty,dyrhymeamsuffixdcoverT · VNLW

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*ɗim ‘FULL’PKC #82

Connections

See alsoFILL

Notes

This etymology was discussed in detail in JAM 1988. It combines two roots set up separately in STC, #226 FULL / FILL and #227 STRAIGHT.

There is a similar PTai etymon *tlem (see HCT:7.2, 14.6.1), underlying such forms as Siamese tem, Po-ai lim, Wuming rim, Dioi thim.

Chinese comparandum

斟 OC *t̂̂i̯əm, GSR #658a ‘pour in, ladle out, serve’; Schuessler 2007:610 *təm; B & S 2011: *t.qəmʔ- {t.[q][ə]m}; Mand. zhēn.
甚 OC *d̂i̯əm, GSR #658a ‘excessive’; Schuessler 2007:610 *dəmʔ/s; B & S 2011: *t.ɢəmʔ-s {[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ-s}; Mand. shèn.

Reflexes & cognates54 reflexes · 14 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burman*dyam ⪤ *tyam ‘full’Benedict 72 STC: 226
*Tibeto-Burmandyam ⪤ tyam ‘straight / flat / full’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 587

1.1.2Deng6

Darang [Taraon]dioŋ³⁵ ‘full (food)’Sun H 80 MLD
Darang [Taraon]dioŋ³⁵ ‘full / satiated’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 896.49
Darang [Taraon]ha:lomorpheme dyang ‘full moon’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]ha:lomorpheme-dyang ‘moon (full)’Anonymous xx Tar
Iduha³¹morphemediaŋ⁵⁵ ‘full / be satiated’Sun H 91 IduQ: 3.7.10
Iduhɑ³¹morphemediɑŋ⁵⁵ ‘full / satiated’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 896.50

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinɗim ‘FULL’VanBik 09 PKC: 82

1.2.1.1Northern Chin10

Sizangdim hī ‘full’VanBik 09 PKC: 82
Thadodîm-I, dìm-II ‘full’VanBik 09 PKC: 82
Thadoʌ̄prefix◦dìm ‘full’Thirumalai 72: 64
Tiddimdim ‘full’LaPolla 87: 43
Tiddimdim¹ ‘full’VanBik 09 PKC: 82
Tiddimdim¹ ‘full’Bhaskararao 94 TCV
Tiddimtam ‘level’LaPolla 87: 44
Tiddimˊdim/ˋdim v‘full’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.2Central Chin1

Lai (Hakha)duʔmorpheme dîm ‘fully satisfied (poetic)’VanBik 09 PKC: 82

2.1.2Bodic5

Tshona (Wenlang)dem³⁵ȵi⁵⁵ ‘full’Lu 86 CuoM
Motuo Menbateŋ v.‘full, be / filled up’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1518.07
Cuona Menbatem³⁵ v.‘full, be / filled up’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1518.06
Cuona Menbatem³⁵ne³¹ adj‘full’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0984.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan8

Tibetan (Written)gtam(s)-pasuffix ‘full’Benedict 72 STC: 226
Tibetan (Written)ldem-pasuffix ‘straight, upright’LaPolla 87: 44
Tibetan (Written)ldem-pasuffix ‘straight, upright’Benedict 72 STC: 227
Tibetan (Written)ltam(s)-pasuffix vs.‘full’Benedict 72 STC: 226
Tibetan (Written)ltam-pasuffix ‘full’LaPolla 87: 43
Tibetan (Written)ltam-pasuffix ‘state of being full, e.g. a vessel full of water’Benedict 72 STC: 226
Tibetan (Written)ltem◦basuffix ‘full’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)tham-pasuffix ⪤ them-pasuffix ‘complete, full’Benedict 72 STC: 226

2.1.4Tamangish2

Thakalikāng-pasuffix ‘full’Hale 73 CSD: 01.095
Thakali (Tukche)kaŋ-pɔsuffix ‘full’Hari 71a ThVo: 1.95

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

Limbutims- ‘full <fill>’Michailovsky 89 Lm

2.3.4Western Kiranti7

Bahingdyam ‘full’LaPolla 87: 43
Bahingdyam ‘straight’LaPolla 87: 44
Bahingdyam vs.‘full (as a vessel)’Benedict 72 STC: 226
Bahingdyam vs.‘straight’Benedict 72 STC: 227
Hayudam ‘full’LaPolla 87: 43
Hayudam vs.‘full’Benedict 72 STC: 226

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepangdyam onom.‘full’Caughley 00 Chepang

4Nungic10

Rawangdan³¹ (i⁵³ wɛ³³) ‘full’LaPolla 03: 1012
Rawangdan³¹ əlim³³ (i⁵³ wɛ³³) ‘full’LaPolla 03: 1012
Anongəprefix◦dam ‘plain (level ground), flat’Benedict 72 STC: 227
Dulongdɑm⁵³ v.‘full, be / filled up’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1518.20
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)me⁵⁵morpheme dɑ̆m⁵⁵ ‘satisfied’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish2

Burmese (Written)aprefix◦tam n.‘straight, long piece’LaPolla 87: 44
Burmese (Written)ăprefix◦tam ‘straight, long piece’Benedict 72 STC: 227

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #132, *l-(t/d)yam ‘FULL / FLAT / STRAIGHT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/132
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#226, STC#227, JAM 1988a, HPTB p.51
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-132,
  title  = {{*l-(t/d)yam 'FULL / FLAT / STRAIGHT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #132},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/132}
}