STEDT
The Body  ›  Secretions and Somatophonics  ›  Snot/Nasal Mucus  ›  Sneeze
STEDT #2131

*(h/k)a-t(s)ik

SNEEZE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlehakinitial?hrhymeakcoverT

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*haʔ-thiaw ‘SNEEZE’PKC #739

Notes

Despite the obvious onomatopoetic nature of this root, a binome may confidently be set up at the PTB level.

Chinese comparandum

嚏 OC *tied, GSR #415e ‘sneeze’; Schuessler 2007: (*tîth); B & S 2011: *tˁit-s {[t]ˁi[t]-s} (‹*t.lˁ- ?); Mand. tì.

Reflexes & cognates69 reflexes · 24 subgroups

1.1.1.1Western Tani5

Apatanika-ǰi tẽmorpheme ‘sneeze’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanika-ǰi tĩmorpheme ‘sneeze’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniká-ǰi-tɯmorpheme ‘sneeze’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengnika-či ‘sneeze’Sun J 93 Tani
Galokaɟi-namsuffix v‘sneeze’Das Gupta 63 Gal

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Milanghat-cik-cik-masuffix ‘sneeze’Tayeng 76 Mil

1.2Kuki-Chin1

1.2.2Central Chin3

Lai (Hakha)haʔ-thǐaw-INVsuffix v‘sneeze’VanBik 09 PKC: 739
Lai (Falam)hàʔ-thìaw-INVsuffix v‘sneeze’VanBik 09 PKC: 739
Lushai [Mizo]ha-chhiao v.‘sneeze’Matisoff 87 BP

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]há-thī v‘sneeze’VanBik 09 PKC: 739

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)8

Ao (Chungli)ha³tʃi¹ v.‘sneeze’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)atʃhi v.‘sneeze [sneezed]’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagahaktsia ‘sneeze’Nienu 90 LotQ: 11.3
Lotha Nagahatsi ‘sneeze’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagahə̄tsə̀ ‘sneeze’Acharya 75
Sangtamhathi ‘sneeze’Marrison 67 Naga

1.4Meithei1

Meitheihakthi khənbəmorpheme ‘sneeze’Singh 91 MeiQ: 11.3

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

Jingphokəhtì v.‘sneeze’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphokəthì ‘sneeze’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 164

2.1.2Bodic2

Baimaɑ¹³ thi⁵³ ‘sneeze’Sun H 91 Baim: 11.3
Tshona (Mama)ʔᴀk⁵⁵ tsʰiu⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’Sun H 80 MLD

2.1.4Tamangish1

Chantyalachchĩ lamorpheme-wamorpheme ‘sneeze’Noonan 92: 11.3

2.2Newar2

Newarhachik◦a:morpheme ‘sneeze’Shakya 89: 11.3
Newarhāchi◦kāːmorpheme tamorpheme◦yemorpheme v.‘sneeze’Matisoff 87 BP

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

Yakhahaʔcim◦basuffix ‘sneeze’Kohn 90: 11.3

2.3.2Southern Kiranti2

ChamlinghaNchiuN mumorpheme-(u)morpheme ‘sneeze’Winter 85: 13
Kulunghachi ‘sneeze’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

Khalinghācchi lūmorpheme-nemorpheme v.‘sneeze’Matisoff 87 BP

3.2Qiangic3

Ersuxɑ³³ tshɿ⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Guiqionghø³³ tshi⁵⁵ bi³³morpheme ‘sneeze’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Qiang (Taoping)χa⁵⁵ tshye³³ pu³³morpheme ‘sneeze’Sun H 81 Qia

3.3rGyalrongic2

Ergong (Danba)ɛ tʰiau ‘sneeze’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 11.3
Ergong (Northern)ɛ³³ tsʰiəu⁵³ ‘sneeze’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 11.3

3.3.1rGyalrong4

rGyalrongha tsʰjau ‘sneeze’Dai 89 Jiar: 11.3

6.1.1Burmish3

Bolaa³¹ tʃʰu⁵¹ tʃʰu³¹ ‘sneeze’Dai 89 Bola: 1720
Lashia⁵⁵ tʃhou⁵³ tʃhou⁵³ ‘sneeze’Dai 89 Lash: 11.3
Maru [Langsu]a⁵⁵ khju³¹morpheme khju³¹morpheme ‘sneeze’Dai 89 Lang: 11.3

6.1.2Loloish1

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish8

Gazhuoa²⁴ thiao³⁵ m̩³³morpheme ‘sneeze’Dai 89 Gazh: 11.3
Lalotɕʰi̱³³ ‘sneeze’Chen 86 Yi: 11.3
Nasutɕʰi⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’Chen 86 Yi: 11.3
Nesua⁵⁵ thi̱²¹ thi̱²¹ ‘sneeze’Chen 86 Yi: 11.3
Noesutɕi⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’Chen 86 Yi: 11.3
Nosuha³³tshɿ̄⁴⁴mu³³morpheme ‘sneeze’Chen 86 Yi: 11.3
Nusu (Central)tʂʰɯ³³ ‘sneeze’Dai 89 NusB: 1720.

6.1.2.2Central Loloish11

Ahixɛ̱²¹ tʻiu⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’Luo 90: 11.3
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)xa⁵⁵ tʃʰi³¹ m̩³¹morpheme ‘sneeze’Dai 89 JinA: 1782
Jinuo (Baka)xa⁵⁵ tʃʰi³¹ m̩³¹morpheme ‘sneeze’Dai 89 JinB: 1782
Lahu (Black)há-thî ⪤ hɛ́-thî ‘sneeze’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 164
Lisu (Northern)hæ̃⁵⁵ thi²¹ V‘sneeze’morphemeBradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]a³³ tʰɪ⁵⁵ m̩³³morpheme v‘sneeze’Wu 84: 319.1
Sani [Nyi]A³³thɪ⁵⁵ n‘sneeze’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]A³³thɪ⁵⁵dɛ²¹morpheme v‘sneeze’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]a⁴⁴thɪ⁵⁵dæ²¹morpheme ‘sneeze’Chen 86 Yi: 11.3
Sani [Nyi]ɑ⁴⁴ tʰɪ⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’morphemeMa 89 SanQ: 368.4

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3

Bisuhətʃhə◦tʃə̀ŋmorpheme v‘sneeze’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 35
Mpiha⁶tɕhi² v.‘sneeze’Srinuan 76
Côông [Phunoi]hacə̃ sao³¹morpheme cemorpheme ‘sneeze’Ferlus 91: 11.3

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5

Azhaa⁴⁴tʰi²¹tʌ²²morpheme ‘sneeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 908
Southern Mujia²¹tʰi⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 908
Pholaxɑ⁵²tʰi³³mɛ³³morpheme ‘sneeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 908
Hlepho Phowaa⁵⁵tʰi²¹tʰi²¹ ‘sneeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 908
Phuzaa⁵⁵tʰi³¹(-tʰi⁵⁵) ‘sneeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 908

8Bai1

Bai (Jianchuan)tæ̱̃⁴⁴morpheme a⁵⁵ tʰuɯ⁵⁵ ‘sneeze’Zhao 90: 11.3

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2131, *(h/k)a-t(s)ik ‘SNEEZE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2131
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2131,
  title  = {{*(h/k)a-t(s)ik 'SNEEZE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2131},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2131}
}