STEDT
Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production  ›  Convergence
STEDT #2310

*s-kiː(l/r)

BEND / WIND / TWIST / ROLL / CORNER
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekiːlprefixsinitialk/hrhymeiːlcoverK · L

Intermediate reconstructions

NE Indian Areal Group*s-(g)ril ‘MOVE / ROLL / TWIST’cf. HPTB pp. 410, 411
Kuki-Chin(a) *kil ‘ANGLE / CORNER’PKC #251
Kuki-Chin(b) *kir ‘CURL’PKC #270
Kuki-Chin*y(i/u)al ‘ROLL / ROLL UP’PKC #1231
Kuki-Chin*hrual ‘ROLL / TWIST’PKC #1096
Tamangish*ᴬkʰil ‘ROLL’

Connections

HPTB*hiːl ‘bind / twist / roll / angle’p. 57

Notes

There is an unfortunate mistake in the index to STC (p.201) where this etymon is glossed “bind, twist; roll; angle” instead of “wind, twist; roll; angle”, undoubtedly due to perseveration from the previous entry, *kik “bind, twist, tie”. This error was, alas, reproduced in HPTB: 57, 412, 413, 426, 595.

Chinese comparandum

Comparanda for this etymon comprise a large set of allofams within Chinese (cf. Schuessler 2007:320-1), showing extensive variation in initial (simple vs. complex) and medial (presence vs. lack) segments, as well as phonation type. The following examples are representative:

絞 OC *kŏg, GSR #1166k ‘twist, strangle’; Schuessler 2007:309 *kriâuʔ or *krâuʔ; B & S 2011: *k-rˁiwʔ {k-rˁ[i]wʔ} (dial. › *krˁ[i]wʔ); Mand. jiǎo.
糾 OC *ki̯ŏg, GSR #1064b ‘twist, plait; unite’; Schuessler 2007:320 *kiuʔ; B & S 2011: *k‹r›iwʔ; Mand. jiǔ.
樛 OC *kli̯ŏg, GSR #1069h ‘downward-curving (of branches); to twist’; Schuessler 2007:320 *kiu; B & S 2011: *k-riw (dial. › *kriw); Mand. jiū.
摎 OC *gli̯ôg/*kli̯ŏg, GSR #1069g ‘tie around, strangle’; Schuessler 2007: (*(k)riw); B & S 2011: *k-riw (dial. › *kriw); Mand. liú/jiū.
繚 OC *liog/li̯og, GSR #1151g ‘bind around, wrap; entangle’; Schuessler 2007:309 *riauʔ; B & S 2011: (*rˁewʔ {[r]ˁewʔ}); Mand. liǎo.
謬 OC *mli̯ŏg, GSR #1069m ‘to lie (i.e. ‘twist words’)’; Schuessler 2007:389 *mriuh; B & S 2011: *mə-riw-s (dial. › *mriw-s); Mand. miù.

Reflexes & cognates93 reflexes · 18 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmanhiːl ‘bind / twist / roll / angle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 595
*Tibeto-Burmankiːl ‘bind / angle / twist / roll’Benedict 72 STC: 373
*Tibeto-Burmans-kiːl ‘bind / twist / roll / angle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 595
*Tibeto-Burmans-ril ⪤ s-gril ‘move / roll’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 610

1.2Kuki-Chin4

*Chinhrual ‘ROLL / TWIST’VanBik 09 PKC: 1096
*Chinkil ‘ANGLE / CORNER’VanBik 09 PKC: 251
*Chinyial ⪤ yual ‘ROLL / ROLL UP’VanBik 09 PKC: 1231

1.2.1.1Northern Chin15

Paitekil ‘angle, corner’VanBik 09 PKC: 251
Sizangzīel hī ‘wrap’VanBik 09 PKC: 1231
Thadokháaw húol ‘whip’VanBik 09 PKC: 1096
Thadozíel-I, zìel-II ‘roll’VanBik 09 PKC: 1231
Thadozíl ‘roll’Thirumalai 72: 62
Tiddimhual² ‘roll something into a ball by hands’VanBik 09 PKC: 1096
Tiddimhual² v‘roll something into a ball by hands’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 501
Tiddimhual² ‘roll something into a ball ...’Bhaskararao 94 TCV
Tiddimkiːl¹ vi‘curly [of hair]’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 640
Tiddimkiːl¹ ‘curly [of hair]’Bhaskararao 94 TCV
Tiddimzial² ‘fold by rolling’VanBik 09 PKC: 1231
Tiddimzial² v‘fold by rolling’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2024
Tiddimzial² ‘fold by rolling (tr.) ...’Bhaskararao 94 TCV
Tiddimzial¹ ‘roll (intr.)’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin5

Cho (Mindat)ngmorpheme-kir be v.‘curled, as hair or sth else’VanBik 09 PKC: 270
Khumiakyaáwy ‘roll up, rolled up, curled up, folded up’VanBik 09 PKC: 1231
Khumihaáwy ‘unite, put together, bring along’VanBik 09 PKC: 1096
Khumitkii ‘corner’VanBik 09 PKC: 251

1.2.2Central Chin14

Lai (Hakha)hrûal-I, hrǔal-II ‘roll, twist , unite (as fibers into a rope)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1096
Lai (Falam)hrǔal-I, hrùal-II ‘roll, twist (e.g. fiber into a rope)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1096
Lai (Hakha)kìl ‘angle, corner’VanBik 09 PKC: 251
Lai (Falam)kîl ‘corner, angle’VanBik 09 PKC: 251
Lai (Hakha)kîr-I, kǐr-II ‘curl (e.g. hair)’VanBik 09 PKC: 270
Lai (Falam)kír-INV ‘curl (e.g. hair)’VanBik 09 PKC: 270
Lai (Hakha)zîal-I, zǐal-II ⪤ zûal-I, zǔal-II ‘roll (e.g. cigarette)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1231
Lushai [Mizo]hrúal v‘roll up in the hand, to twist, to cord together (as string)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1096
Lushai [Mizo]hrual v‘roll up in the hand’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 2477
Lushai [Mizo]kǐl n‘angle, a corner, an edge’VanBik 09 PKC: 251
Lushai [Mizo]kǐr ‘curly (as hair)’VanBik 09 PKC: 270
Lushai [Mizo]kiːl ‘corner, angle’Benedict 72 STC: 373
Lushai [Mizo]zíal v‘roll up (as a rug, piece of paper, cigarette, etc)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1231

1.2.3Maraic2

Lakher [Mara]chāmorpheme-káo v‘curl up’VanBik 09 PKC: 270
Lakher [Mara]kí ‘corner, angle’VanBik 09 PKC: 251

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Kokborokri ‘roll’Tripuri 88

1.7.3.1Jingpho3

Jingphogyin ‘roll, fashion, as mud pellets’Benedict 72 STC: 373
Jingphokyin vs.‘soft and easily twisted’Benedict 72 STC: 373
Jingphoəprefix◦kyin ‘roll, as a turban, into a ball’Benedict 72 STC: 373

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

2.1.2Bodic12

Tsangla (Motuo)rin ‘roll (e.g. rock)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 762.7
Tsangla (Motuo)rin¹³ ‘roll (e.g. rock)’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Tilang)rin ‘roll (e.g. rock)’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tshona (Wenlang)riu³⁵ ‘roll (e.g.rock)’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)chir⁵⁵mo⁵³suffix ‘round’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 807.6
Tshona (Mama)riʔ¹³ ‘roll (e.g. rock)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 762.6
Motuo Menbakhir khir ‘circle / circular (tubular)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0990.07
Cuona Menbachir⁵⁵mo⁵³suffix ‘circle / circular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0990.06
Cuona Menbariʔ³⁵la³⁵morpheme v.‘roll’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1361.06
Cuona Menbatʂi³⁵ja³⁵morpheme v.‘roll up (cloth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1456.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan22

Tibetan (Balti)kir◦kir ‘circle’Rangan 75: 48
Tibetan (Balti)ril◦ba·suffix ‘roll’Rangan 75: 46
Tibetan (Batang)dʐi⁵⁵ v.‘roll up (cloth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1456.03
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)ri¹³ ‘roll (e.g. rock)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 762.3
Tibetan (Lhasa)ri¹⁵ ‘roll (e.g. rock)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 762.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)təp⁵⁵morpheme riː⁵⁵ clf‘roll (of cloth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0872.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)tʂiː¹³ v.‘roll up (cloth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1456.02
Tibetan (Written)ḥkhyil-basuffix v.‘wind, twist, roll’Benedict 72 STC: 373
Tibetan (Written)ril ‘roll (e.g. rock)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 762.1
Tibetan (Written)skyil-basuffix v.‘bend’Benedict 72 STC: 373
Tibetan (Xiahe)htɕə v.‘roll up (cloth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1456.04

2.1.3Lepcha2

Lepchakimorpheme◦ríl v.‘roll thread into a ball’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.1.4Tamangish5

*TGTMᴬkʰil ‘roll’Mazaudon 94 These: 105
Manang (Prakaa)²ki◦kil ‘circle’Hoshi 84: 0750
Tamang (Risiangku)¹kʰil ‘whirl, coil, coil up’Mazaudon 94 These: 105
Thakali (Marpha)kʰɨl-basuffix ‘roll up’Mazaudon 94 These: 105
Thakali (Marpha)⁵⁵'³³qʰil-basuffix ‘roll (a mat)’Mazaudon 94 These: 105

2.3.2Southern Kiranti4

Bantawarim v‘roll up’Rai 85 BnDs
Kulungkhiri moksˍmorpheme ‘in a circle’Rai 75 Kul
Kulungkhirə ‘circle’Rai 75 Kul
Kulungkhi◦khir◦pasuffix ‘round, disk’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Dumisaːmorpheme◦khil ‘viscera, guts, intestines’The semantic extension to INTESTINES is due to the coiled appearance of those organs. Cf. WB wak-ʔu ‘screw’, lit. “pig-intestine”.Driem 93 Dumi
Dumisaːmorpheme◦khil◦ ‘intestines’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 97

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulungkhir- v.‘turn round, twist together’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepangthumorpheme.riʔ n.‘roll (mat, leaves in shoot, etc.)’Caughley 00 Chepang

3.3.1rGyalrong4

rGyalrong (Maerkang)kɐprefix tʂəl v.‘roll up (cloth)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1456.11
Caodengkɐprefix-tʂəl ‘roll up’Sun J 97 Cao
rGBenzhenkaprefix-tʂər ‘roll up’Sun J 97 rGB

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2310, *s-kiː(l/r) ‘BEND / WIND / TWIST / ROLL / CORNER’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2310
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#373, HPTB pp.57, 412, 413, 426
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2310,
  title  = {{*s-kiː(l/r) 'BEND / WIND / TWIST / ROLL / CORNER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2310},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2310}
}