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STEDT #2322

*kl(y)u(ŋ/k)

VALLEY / RIVER

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekluːŋinitialklrhymeuːŋcoverK · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Tangkhulic*koŋ ‘RIVER’DRM#644

Connections

HPTB*klu(ː)ŋ ⪤ *k(l)uk ‘valley / river’pp. 287, 524

HPTB*klyoŋ ‘stream / river / valley’p. 294

Notes

This is an East / Southeast Asian areal word; cf. Siamese khlɔɔŋ, Old Mon kruŋ, Cham krauŋ. HPTB reconstructs two separate roots (*kluŋ ⪤ kluk and *klyoŋ), although it suggests that the two are related. We treat them here as co-allofamic.

Chinese kuk ~ gi̯uk ‘valley’ reflects the allofam with final stop.

It seems likely that this etymon is related to #1277 PTB *grawk RAVINE / VALLEY.

Chinese comparandum

谷 OC *kuk~gi̯uk, GSR #1202a-c ‘valley’; B & S 2011: *C.qˤok; Mand. gǔ.
江 OC *kŭng, GSR #1172v ‘(Yangtze) river’; B & S 2011: *kˤroŋ; Mand. jiāng.
港

Reflexes & cognates57 reflexes · 13 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmanklu(ː)ŋ ⪤ k(l)uk ‘valley / river’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 596

*Tibeto-Burmankluːŋ ‘river’Chou 72: 1172v

*Tibeto-Burmankluːŋ ‘river, valley’Benedict 72 STC: 127

*Tibeto-Burmanklyoŋ ‘stream / river / valley’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 596

Burmese (Written)khyok ‘( prn. gyok ) chasm, gulf’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)khyoṅ: ‘river’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)khyon̊: ‘stream’Okell 71

Burmese (Written)khyoŋ ‘valley’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)khyôŋ ‘stream’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)khyuiṅ ‘valley’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)khyuiŋ ‘concave; concave piece of ground, valley’Benedict 72 STC: 127

Burmese (Written)khyuiŋʼ ‘concave; valley’Benedict 76 WBur

Langsu (Luxi)lɔ̃³⁵#191 PTB *laŋ ‘WATER / FLUID / RIVER / VALLEY’PTani *laŋ ‘SOUP’PLB *laŋ¹ ‘RIVER / VALLEY’khauŋ²¹ n‘valley’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0025.31

Marmakhyɔ́ŋ ‘river’Huziwara 08 Sak: 277

Maru [Langsu]kyaūng ‘stream’Okell 71

Tavoyanhklòn ‘stream’Okell 71

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish4

Nusu (Central)khɹoŋ⁵⁵ n‘river’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0030.34

Nusu (Central)khɹoŋ⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for river’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0837.34

Nusu (Northern)khɹõ⁵⁵ɑ̃⁵⁵morpheme ‘river’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)khɹɔ̃⁵⁵ɑ̃³¹morpheme ‘river’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 18.45

6.1.2.2Central Loloish3

Jinuoa³³prefixkhrɔ⁴⁴ n‘river’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0030.44

Jinuoa³³prefixkhɹɔ³³ ‘river’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 18.34

Jinuo (Youle)ɑ⁴⁴prefixkhɹɔ⁴⁴ ‘river’Gai 86

7Karenic3

Pa-Othìmorpheme khrɔ̀ŋ ‘river, stream, gorge’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-Othìmorpheme khrɔ̀ŋ pháŋmorpheme ‘bank of river (2)’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-Othìmorpheme khrɔ̀ŋ tànmorpheme ‘river’Solnit 89 PaO

9Sinitic2

Chinese (Hanzi)江 ‘(Yangzi) river’BaxterSagart 2011: 1324

Chinese (Hanzi)谷 ‘valley’BaxterSagart 2011: 909

9.0.1Old Chinese8

Chinese (Old/Mid)kuk/kuk~gi̯uk/i̯wok ‘valley’Karlgren 57 GSR: 1202a-c

Chinese (Old/Mid)kŭng/kɑ̊ng ‘river (Yangtze);river’Karlgren 57 GSR: 1172v

Chinese (Old/Mid)kǔŋ/kəŋ ‘river’Chou 72: 1172v

Chinese (Old)C.qˤok ‘valley’BaxterSagart 2011: 909

Chinese (Old)KHju/on ‘river’Baxter 92: 1126

Chinese (Old)krong ‘(Yangtze) river’Baxter 92: 1866

Chinese (Old)krong ‘Yangtze river’Baxter 92: 312

Chinese (Old)kˤroŋ ‘(Yangzi) river’BaxterSagart 2011: 1324

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)kuwk ‘valley’BaxterSagart 2011: 909

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Chinese (Mandarin)gǔ ‘valley’BaxterSagart 2011: 909

Chinese (Mandarin)jiāng ‘(Yangzi) river’BaxterSagart 2011: 1324

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2322, *kl(y)u(ŋ/k) ‘VALLEY / RIVER’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2322

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB pp. 287, 524, STC#127

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2322,
  title  = {{*kl(y)u(ŋ/k) 'VALLEY / RIVER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2322},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2322}
}