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STEDT #2496

*s-naːy ⪤ *s-ney

NEAR
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleneyprefixs-initialnrhymeaːy ⪤ eycoverM · W

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*naay ⪤ *hnaay ‘NEAR / CLOSE / ADJACENT’PKC #823
Tangkhulic*naj ‘NEAR’DRM#378

Connections

HPTB*s-naːy ⪤ *s-ney ‘near’pp. 215, 220, 511

Chinese comparandum

邇 OC *ńi̯ɑ̆r, GSR #359c ‘near’; Coblin 86:111 ST *nyɨy > OC *njirx; Mand. ěr.
尼 OC *ni̯ər, GSR #563a ‘near’; B & S 2011: *nrəj {nr[əj]}; Mand. ní.
昵 OC *ńi̯ĕt, GSR #563f ‘familiar, intimate’; B & S 2011: *nrit {nri[t]}; Mand. nì.
暱 OC *ńi̯ək, GSR #777n ‘near, familiar with’; B & S 2011: *n‹r›ik; Mand. nì.

Reflexes & cognates221 reflexes · 35 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmans-naːy ⪤ s-ney ‘near’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 604
*Tibeto-Burmans-ney ⪤ s-naːy ‘near’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 055

1.1“North Assam”1

Sulung [Puroik]a³³prefixnui³³ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.52

1.1.1.1Western Tani9

Apataninɯ-tìmorpheme ‘near’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengniñi-čiːmorpheme ‘near’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarnə tɕemorpheme adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.24
Bokarnə tɕemorpheme ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.24
Bokarnə-čemorpheme ‘near’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobanə tɕemorpheme ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.51
Galo`nə◦cimorpheme adj.‘nearby’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`nə◦cimorpheme n.‘vicinity’GLDC 09 Galo
Miri, Hillne◦cimorpheme ‘near’Simon 76 Miri

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Damunə-tɕimorpheme ‘near’Sun J 93 Tani

1.1.2Deng2

Kaman [Miju]mɯ³¹morphemenɑi⁵³ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.23
Kaman [Miju]mɯ³¹morphemenɑ̆i⁵³ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.48

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinnaay ⪤ hnaay ‘NEAR / CLOSE / ADJACENT’VanBik 09 PKC: 823

1.2.1.1Northern Chin14

Sizangnai hīmorpheme ‘near’VanBik 09 PKC: 823
Thadonâay-I, này-II ‘close’VanBik 09 PKC: 823
Tiddimnaːi¹ ‘near’VanBik 09 PKC: 823
Tiddimnaːi¹ vi‘near’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1179
Tiddimnaːi¹ ‘near’Bhaskararao 94 TCV
Tiddimne?³ v‘come near; approach’also contains *nayʔBhaskararao 96 CDB: 1190
Tiddimˊnai/ˋnaːi vi‘near’Henderson 65 TidC
Tiddimˊnaːi be v.‘near’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 055
Tiddimˋnaːi be v.‘near’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 055
Tiddimˋnaːi ‘draw near(vi.)’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 055
Tiddimˋnaːi/ˍnaiʔ vi‘draw near’Henderson 65 TidC
Tiddimˍ naiʔ ‘draw near(vi.)’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 055
Tiddimˍ naiʔ ‘draw smn near (vt.)’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 055
Tiddimˍnaiʔ/ˍnaiʔ vt‘draw (smn) near’Henderson 65 TidC

1.2.2Central Chin9

Lai (Hakha)nàay-I, nǎay-II be v.‘near, be close’VanBik 09 PKC: 823
Lai (Falam)náay-I, náyʔ-II be v.‘near’VanBik 09 PKC: 823
Lushai [Mizo]hnǎi-I, hnàih-II ‘near (in time, space, or relationship), near-by, close, adjacent’VanBik 09 PKC: 823

1.2.3Maraic2

Lakher [Mara]³aprefix²hniə v.i.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 291

1.2.4“Old Kuki”4

Kom Remkʌmorpheme◦nàai ‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154
Lamkangkʌrmorpheme◦nái ‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154
Sorbungʔəmorpheme◦nái ‘near’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: ToneMin.015
Sorbungʔəmorpheme◦nái ‘near’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: Verbs.166

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)9

*Aoamorpheme.hna[j] be v.Bruhn 14 PCN: II.229
Ao (Chungli)a³morphemena¹(sa²morpheme) adv.‘near’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.229
Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦na◦samorpheme ‘near’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)áhná be v.‘near’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagañhān̯◦àsuffix ‘near’Acharya 75
Sangtamaprefix◦mümorpheme◦nye ‘near’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrüfümorpheme◦ni ‘near’Kumar 73 Yim: 64
Yimchungrü²aprefix²pɯmorpheme²ni[¹] v.i.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 291

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group3

Angami Naga²pemorpheme⁵nuo v.i.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 291
Angami (Kohima)pemorpheme◦nuo ‘near’Marrison 67 Naga
Rengma (Southern)¹nmorpheme⁴ni v.i.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 291

1.3.3Zeme Group4

Liangmeina◦bumorpheme ‘near’Marrison 67 Naga
Maramkamorpheme◦na ‘near’Marrison 67 Naga
Zeme³kemorpheme¹nmorpheme⁵na ‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154

1.3.4Tangkhulic11

Huishukəmorpheme-nəmorpheme-nej ‘near’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.141
Kachaikʰəmorpheme-ŋəmorpheme-nwe ‘near’Mortensen 12 Tk: Verbs.124
Tangkhulkhaŋamorpheme◦nai ‘near’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 055
Tangkhulngamorpheme◦nai◦damorpheme ‘near’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhul¹khəprefix¹ŋəprefix³nai ‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154
Tangkhul¹khəprefix¹ŋəprefix³nai v.i.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 291
Ukhrulkʰəprefix-naj be v.‘near’Mortensen 12 Tk
Ukhrulkʰəprefix-ŋəmorpheme-naj be v.‘close to each other, be near’Mortensen 12 Tk
Ukhrulkʰəprefix-ŋəmorpheme-naj be v.‘near’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.3.1Jingpho9

Jingphoni³¹ ‘near’Liu 84
Jingphošəmorpheme◦nì ‘bring near’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 230
Jingpho¹ni v.i.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 291

2.1.2.1Tibetan19

Tibetan (Alike)thakmorpheme ȵe adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.05
Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)thakmorpheme ȵe ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.5
Tibetan (Balti)ŋi◦ma·suffix ‘near’Rangan 75: 77
Tibetan (Jirel)'nyi:◦bimorpheme adj‘near’Hale 73 CSD: 12c.02
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)thamorpheme/⁵³ȵe¹³◦bo⁵³suffix ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.3
Tibetan (Lhasa)thaʔ⁵³morphemeȵe¹³po⁵³suffix ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.2
Tibetan (Lhasa)tha⁵²morpheme ȵe¹³po⁵⁵suffix adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)ȵe¹³ saː⁵⁵morphemetɕaː⁵⁵morpheme ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.02
Tibetan (Lhasa)ȵẽ¹³tʂam⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.02
Tibetan (Spiti)nyã◦bosuffix ‘near’Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp
Tibetan (Written)ñe◦basuffix ‘near’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)thagmorpheme ȵe posuffix adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.01
Tibetan (Written)thagmorpheme ȵe posuffix ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.1
Tibetan (Written)ȵe ɦdabsmorpheme n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.01
Tibetan (Xiahe)thaχmorpheme ȵi adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.04

2.1.4Tamangish2

Manang (Gyaru)nya⁴ bamorpheme ‘near’Nagano 84 Man: 364
Manang (Prakaa)⁴ɲe◦pəmorpheme ‘near’Hoshi 84: 0458

2.2Newar1

Newar (Dolakhali)na◦pɔmorpheme ‘near’Genetti 90 Dola

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti6

Athpare (Rai)nahi◦taŋmorpheme ‘near’Ebert 97 Athpare
Athpare (Rai)net◦taŋmorpheme ‘near’Ebert 97 Athpare
Limbuniːp◦mamorpheme v.‘near (inf.)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154
Limbuniːtʔ v.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154
Limbuniː◦tamorpheme v.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154
Limbuniː◦taŋmorpheme ‘near(adv.)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 154

2.3.3Central Kiranti2

Khaling'ne◦phāemmorpheme adj‘near’Hale 73 CSD: 12c.02
Khaling'panmorpheme-ne v‘bring (from near)’Hale 73 CSD: 02b1.01

2.3.4Western Kiranti2

Sunwar'ne̩:◦thā:morpheme adj‘near’Hale 73 CSD: 12c.02
Thulungŋe◦pamorpheme ‘near (Ho)’Allen 75

3.2Qiangic17

Ersuȵi⁵⁵ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.18
Guiqiongnɔ³³nphɑ⁵³morpheme ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.17
Guiqiongnɔ̃³¹pha³¹morpheme adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.16
Lyuzuəʴ³³morphemeȵi⁵³ n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.18
Lyuzuəʴ³³morphemeȵi⁵³ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.18
Pumi (Jiulong)ʐuə¹³morphemeȵ̥ĩ⁵⁵ n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.10
Pumi (Jiulong)ʐuə¹¹morphemeȵ̥ĩ⁵⁵ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.10
Pumi (Lanping)nɛ̃⁵⁵i⁵⁵morpheme ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.09
Pumi (Lanping)ʐuɐ¹³morphemen̥i¹³ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.09
Pumi (Qinghua)ʐuɐ¹³morphemen̥i⁵⁵ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.11
Pumi (Taoba)nə⁵⁵mə⁵³morpheme ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.10
Qiang (Mawo)guəʴmorpheme◦n ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.8
Qiang (Mawo)guɛʴmorpheme ȵɛ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.08
Xuminɯ̃³⁵ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.20
Zhaba (Daofu County)nu⁵⁵ʑu³³morpheme n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.14
Zhaba (Daofu County)ȵu⁵⁵ʐu³³morpheme ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.14
Zhaba (Daofu County)ȵʌ⁵⁵ʐu³³morpheme adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.14

3.3rGyalrongic3

Daofunthɑmorpheme ne adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.12
Daofuthumorpheme ȵa ʁamorpheme n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.12
Ergong (Danba)tɕɛmorpheme ne ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.14

3.3.1rGyalrong2

Caodengkɐprefix-rne ‘near’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Maerkang)tɐprefix rnɐm n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.11

4Nungic1

Dulongɑŋ⁵⁵prefixnɑŋ⁵³ n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.20

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloishb-ni² v.i.‘near’Weidert 87 TBTo: 291
PNLb-ni² ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish28

Lalone²¹ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.
Liphonɛ²¹ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.
Nasunɔ³³ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.
Neisunɛ³³ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.
Nesunɛ³³ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.
Nosuȵi³³ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.
Nusu (Southern)ȵi⁵⁵ ‘near’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)ȵ̩³¹ ‘near’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)ɑ³¹prefixȵi⁵³ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.45
Yi (Dafang)ne³³dɯ³³morpheme ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.22
Yi (Liangshan)ga³⁴morphemeȵi³³ ‘near’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Nanhua)nɑ²¹nɑ³³ n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.37
Yi (Nanhua)nɑ²¹ɑ³³morphemenɑ²¹ ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.37
Yi (Weishan)nᴇ²¹ ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.36
Yi (Weishan)nᴇ²¹dʑi⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.36
Yi (Wuding)nɒ³³de³³morphemegɤ¹¹morpheme n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.38
Yi (Wuding)nɔ³³de³³morpheme ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.38
Yi (Xide)ga⁴⁴morphemeȵi³³ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.21
Yi (Xide)gɑ³⁴morphemeȵi³³ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish15

Ahina²¹ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.
Lisu (Central)nrgh⁵ v.‘near, be’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)nɤ²¹ V‘near; lean against; be in contact with; get in touch; have to do with’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisunɯ³¹ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.27
Lisunɯ³¹le³³morpheme ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.40
Lisunɯ³¹nɯ³¹zɑ³¹morphemekuɑ³³morpheme n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.40
Lisu (Northern)tɤ⁵⁵morphemenɤ³⁵ V‘near; approach; close to’Bradley 94 Lisu
Yi (Sani)mɪ⁴⁴morphemenæ³³ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.39
Sani [Nyi]næ²¹ ‘near’Chen 86 CS: 13.

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish5

Hani (Lüchun)ȵi³¹tsha³³morphemene³³morpheme ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.41

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish4

Phu Khaŋaj³⁵ tu⁵³morpheme ‘near’Fried 00 PhuKha

6.2Naxi8

Laze (Xiangjiao)læ˥morphemeɲy˥ ‘near’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1941
Laze (Xiangjiao)ʈʂwɤ˥morphemehṽ˥morpheme-læ˥morpheme-ɲy˥ be v.‘close to (close family relationship); near’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 1944
Na (Yongning)ʐe˩morphemeni˩˧ ‘near’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Yongning)ni¹³; ʐə³¹morphemeni¹³ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.29
Naxinv̩⁵⁵ adj‘near’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0975.45
Naxinv̩⁵⁵nv̩³³ n/adv‘vicinity / nearby’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0720.45
Naxinv̩⁵⁵nv̩³³ ‘near / close to’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1125.45
Naxi (Lijiang)nv⁵⁵nv³³ ‘near’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 818.28

9.0.1Old Chinese8

Chinese (Old/Mid)ńi ‘near / close’Chou 72: 563a
Chinese (Old/Mid)ńi̯ĕt ‘close-standing / familiar’Chou 72: 563f
Chinese (Old/Mid)ńi̯ək ‘near / familiar’Chou 72: 777n
Chinese (Old)ńi̯ĕt ‘close-standing / familiar’Chou 72: 563f
Chinese (Old)ńi̯ək ‘near / familiar’Chou 72: 777n
Chinese (Old)ńźie̯ ‘near’Chou 72: 359c

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2496, *s-naːy ⪤ *s-ney ‘NEAR’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2496
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#291
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2496,
  title  = {{*s-naːy ⪤ *s-ney 'NEAR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2496},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2496}
}