Verbs of Motion, of Manipulation, and of Production › Verbs requiring liquids

STEDT #2680

sywar ⪤ g/b-sywa-n/t

FLOW / POUR / SCATTER / SPILL / SOW / BROADCAST

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlesywarinitialsywrhymear=śwarcoverS · LWS

Connections

HPTB*g/b-sywa ‘flow / pour’p. 427

Notes

Strikingly similar patterns of allofamy are shown by the Lahu and Chinese forms: Lh. šêʔ is the direct cognate of OC *sât, while Lh. šē is the direct cognate of OC *sân.

The most ancient coda of this etymon seems to have ended in *-r.

Chinese comparandum

散 OC *sɑ̂n, GSR #156a-b ‘disperse; scattered; undisciplined; useless’; Schuessler 2007:449-50 *sânʔ; B & S 2011: *sˁanʔ {[s]ˁa[n]ʔ}; Mand. sǎn.
散 OC *sɑ̂n, GSR #156a-b ‘come loose, fall apart, scatter’; Schuessler 2007:449-50 *sâns; B & S 2011: *m-sˁanʔ-s {m-sˁa[n]ʔ-s}; Mand. sàn.
宣 OC *si̯wɑn, GSR #164t-v ‘spread, diffuse; proclaim, display’; Schuessler 2007:546 *swan; B & S 2011: *s-qʷar ; Mand. xuān.

Reflexes & cognates37 reflexes · 15 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)3

*Tibeto-Burmang/b-sywa ‘flow / pour’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 614

*Tibeto-Burmansywar ‘flow / pour’Benedict 72 STC: 241

*Tibeto-Burmansywar ⪤ sywa-n/t ‘flow / pour / scatter / spill / sow broadcast’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 614

Garosol-aŋmorpheme ‘flow’Benedict 72 STC: 241

Garosol-gipamorpheme ‘current’Benedict 72 STC: 241

1.7.3.1Jingpho4

Jingphodžo ⪤ tśyo ‘pour out, cast’Benedict 72 STC: 241

Jingphośon ‘flow, as tears, sweat / water poured on the ground’Benedict 72 STC: 241

Jingphoʒu⁵⁵ v.‘pour or throw out (water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1261.19

Jingphoʒu⁵⁵paŋ³³morpheme ‘pour (liquid) into’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 600.47

2.1.2.1Tibetan5

Tibetan (Lhasa)ɕo⁵⁵ v.‘pour or throw out (water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1261.02

Tibetan (Written)gśo-basuffix ⪤ bśo-basuffix ‘pour out’Benedict 72 STC: 241

Tibetan (Written)gɕo v.‘pour or throw out (water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1261.01

Tibetan (Written)ḥtśhor-basuffix ‘escape; flow out, run over’Benedict 72 STC: 241

Tibetan (Written)śor ‘escape; flow out, run over’Benedict 72 STC: 241

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchatśhor ‘pouring of water’Benedict 72 STC: 241

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3

Chepangserʔ- vt.‘decant liquid, pour off, separate liquid from sediment’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangsyar onom.‘pour over’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangsyərʔ- vt.‘pour off, decant liquid, separate from residue’Caughley 00 Chepang

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmeseswan¹/² ⪤ swatᴴ ‘flow / pour’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 614

6.1.1Burmish7

Burmese (Written)swă ‘pour out, spill, shed’Benedict 72 STC: 241

Burmese (Written)swân ‘pour upon; cast out by pouring’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 040

Burmese (Written)swan ‘pour out, spill’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)swân ‘pour upon’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)swân ‘cast, by pouring’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)swàn ‘pour upon, cast by pouring liquid into a mold’Benedict 72 STC: 241

Burmese (Written)swan / swàn ‘pour (out, upon)’Benedict 72 STC: 15n54(b)

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishxwan² ‘pour / still’Bradley 79 PLo: 646A

*Loloishxwatᴴ ‘pour / still’Bradley 79 PLo: 646B

6.1.2.2Central Loloish4

Lahu (Black)šē v.‘sow broadcast’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 040

Lahu (Black)šêʔ ‘pour / spill / disperse / sow / broadcast’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 040

Lahu (Black)šêʔ ‘pour / spill’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 114

Lahu (Yellow)sɤ² ‘scatter / broadcast’Chang 86

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish1

Sangkongsan³¹ v.‘scatter, pour’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 386

9.0.1Old Chinese5

Chinese (Old)sân ‘disperse’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 040

Chinese (Old)san(ʔ)s ‘disperse’Baxter 92: 845

Chinese (Old)san(ʔ)s ‘disperse’Baxter 92: 942b

Chinese (Old)sât ‘scatter, disperse; spread, distribute; let loose’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 040

Chinese (Old)swjan ‘spread / diffuse / everywhere-reaching’Baxter 92: 440

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)sânː~sân- ‘disperse’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 040

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2680, *sywar ⪤ *g/b-sywa-n/t ‘FLOW / POUR / SCATTER / SPILL / SOW / BROADCAST’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2680

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#241, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2680,
  title  = {{*sywar ⪤ *g/b-sywa-n/t 'FLOW / POUR / SCATTER / SPILL / SOW / BROADCAST'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2680},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2680}
}

*sywar ⪤ *g/b-sywa-n/t