STEDT
STEDT #2684

*s-ta

KNIFE / AXE / SWORD

Reconstruction analysis

handletaprefixsinitialtrhymeacoverT · V

Connections

HPTB*s-ta ‘knife / axe / sword’p. 162

Notes

The Qiangic forms are clearly borrowings from a Tibetan binome (cf. WT sta ri).

This root seems quite distinct from #5609 PTB *taŋ KNIFE.

Chinese comparandum

OC *tog GSR #1131a ‘knife’; Schuessler 2007:207 *tâu; B & S 2011: *C.tˁaw; Mand. dāo.

Schuessler 2007:207 views Chinese dāo as perhaps an “…[A]rea word or CH loan”. As an alternative, we posit Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-w, with suffix *-w, on the assumption that the suffix was dropped in Tibeto-Burman, yielding PTB *s-ta, but was retained in Sinitic, yielding OC *C.tˁaw (cf. B & S 2011).

Comparative evidence for suffix *-w within Sinitic or Tibeto-Burman is sparse (cf. #1707 EAT, where the range of reconstructed finals awaits confirmation). Nonetheless, the fact remains that PTB *s-ta ‘knife, axe, sword’ and OC *C.tˁaw ‘knife’ are quite close phonologically, and appear to reside within very old, core lexicon of their respective subfamilies. We suggest the issue of cognacy be left open for further research, rather than rejected outright. [SPB].

Reflexes & cognates21 reflexes · 7 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmans-ta ‘knife / axe / sword’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 614

2.1.2.1Tibetan5

Tibetan (Batang)ta⁵⁵re⁵³morpheme n‘axe’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0605.03
Tibetan (Lhasa)tə⁵⁵ri⁵⁵morpheme n‘axe’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0605.02
Tibetan (Written)staremorpheme ‘axe’Marrison 67 Naga

3.2Qiangic5

Qiang (Longxi)tà í ‘ax (<WT sta ri)’Evans 99 Qiang: 850
Qiang (Mianchi)tè ʐì ‘ax (<WT sta ri)’Evans 99 Qiang: 850
Qiang (Taoping)χta³¹ʐi⁵⁵ ‘ax’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 408.9

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish1

Laloáprefix-thà ‘knife’Björverud 94

6.1.2.2Central Loloish6

Ahimimorpheme-tho ‘knife’Benedict 72 STC: 22n75
Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixtha²¹ N‘knife’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuaprefixtha ‘knife’Benedict 72 STC: 22n75
Lisuɑ⁵⁵prefixthɑ³¹ ‘knife’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 409.27
Sani [Nyi]mimorpheme-tha ‘knife’Benedict 72 STC: 22n75

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2684, *s-ta ‘KNIFE / AXE / SWORD’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2684
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC p.22, HPTB p.162
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2684,
  title  = {{*s-ta 'KNIFE / AXE / SWORD'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2684},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2684}
}