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STEDT #417

*s-k(w/r)a

HOOF
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekwa-lprefixsinitialkwrhymea-l ~ s-coverK · VLS

Connections

HPTB*kwa ‘hoof’p. 170
See also*khura ‘NAIL / HOOF’
Poss. allofams*khura ‘NAIL / HOOF’, #516, *m(y)uk ⪤ *r-mi-k ‘NAIL / CLAW / HOOF’

Notes

Because of Qiangic cognates with initial p-, this root was reconstructed with an extrusional *pʷ- initial in Matisoff 2000: #12, “An Extrusional Approach to *p-/w- Variation in Sino-Tibetan” (referred to in passing in HPTB:61, n. 86).

Reflexes & cognates104 reflexes · 19 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2

Lotha Naganongmorpheme◦khu ‘hoof’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Naganprefix◦khu ‘hoof’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.4Tangkhulic1

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Dimasayamorpheme◦kho◦longmorpheme ‘hoof’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakkhwa ‘hoof’This form is probably a borrowing from Burmese.Huziwara 08 Sak: 313a

2.1.1Western Himalayish2

Kanaurikhŏ◦cöbmorpheme n‘hoof’Bailey 11
Kanaurikho◦cöbmorpheme ‘hoof’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.2.1Tibetan4

Tibetan (Written)ramorpheme-sgo ‘hoof’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Xiahe)hȵəχmorpheme kwa n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.04

2.2Newar4

Newarkhu: ‘hoof (of animal)’Shakya 89: 6.2.6.8
Newarkhwa(1) n‘hoof’Hale 73 CSD: 03a.032
Newarkhwa(l) ‘hoof’Matisoff 87 BP
Newarkhwā◦rāmorpheme ‘hoof’Genetti 90 NeQ2

3.1Tangut2

Tangut [Xixia]kɪ̯ei ‘hoof (of animal)’Dai 89 Xixi: 6.2.6.8

3.2Qiangic28

Ersunprefix◦khuɑ⁵⁵ ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersunprefix◦khuɑ⁵⁵ ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.18
Guiqiongnprefix◦gɑ³⁵ ‘hoof’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Guiqiongnprefix◦gɑ³⁵ ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.17
Lyuzuŋu⁵⁵morphemekhua⁵³ n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.18
Muyaquə³³tshə⁵³morpheme n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.15
Muya [Minyak]quɐ³³tshɯ⁵³morpheme ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.15
Muya [Minyak]quɐ³³tsʰɯ⁵³morpheme ‘hoof (of animal)’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 6.2.6.8
Namuyiqha⁵⁵tsɛ³³morpheme ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.19
Namuyiqʰa⁵⁵tsɛ³³morpheme ‘hoof (of animal)’Sun H 91 NamQ: 6.2.6.8
Namuyiqha⁵⁵tsæ³¹morpheme n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.46
Pumi (Jiulong)kuɑ³⁵sɑ⁵⁵morpheme n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.10
Pumi (Qinghua)spɑ⁵⁵ ‘hoof’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)kua⁵⁵ ɬa⁵⁵morpheme ‘hoof’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Taoba)kua⁵⁵ɬa⁵⁵morpheme ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.10
Qiang (Longxi)tsúmorpheme kə̀ ‘hoof’Evans 99 Qiang: 330
Qiang (Mawo)tʃuəmorpheme◦χ n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.08
Qiang (Mawo)ʁdʐimorpheme ku ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.8
Qiang (Mawo)ʁdʐimorpheme kuə̥ ‘hoof (of animal)’Sun H 91 MawQ: 6.2.6.8
Qiang (Mawo)ʁdʐimorpheme◦ku ‘hoof’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Yadu)tʂuəmorpheme◦χ ‘hoof’Dai 89 Qian: 330
Queyu (Xinlong)qa⁵⁵ɕye⁵⁵morpheme n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.13
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ȵe⁵⁵morpheme kʰø⁵³ ‘hoof (of animal)’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 6.2.6.8
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ȵe⁵⁵morphemekhø⁵³ ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.16
Zhaba (Daofu County)khui⁵⁵tɕhʌ⁵⁵morpheme n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.14

3.3rGyalrongic3

Ergong (Daofu)qua lemorpheme ‘hoof (of animal)’Dai 89 Daof: 6.2.6.8
Ergong (Danba)ʐko ‘hoof (of animal)’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 6.2.6.8

3.3.1rGyalrong8

rGyalrongtaprefix ka ‘hoof (of animal)’Dai 89 Jiar: 6.2.6.8
rGyalrongtaprefix ka ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.12
rGyalrong (Eastern)taprefix◦ka ‘hoof (of animal)’Sun H 91 rEQ: 6.2.6.8
rGyalrong (Northern)taprefix◦qa ‘hoof (of animal)’Sun H 91 rNQ: 6.2.6.8
Caodengtəprefix-memorpheme-qʰɐ ‘hoof’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrongtaprefix ka ‘hoof of animal’Nagano 97 GyQ: 6.2.68
rGBenzhentaprefix-kaʔ ‘hoof’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic1

Anongŋ³¹morphemegɯ³¹ȵi³¹morpheme ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.44

5Tujia8

Tujiadi²¹morpheme kʰo²¹ ‘hoof (of animal)’Chen 86 TuMQ: 6.2.6.8
Tujia (Southern)di²¹morpheme kʰo²¹ ‘hoof’Tian 86
Tujiathi²¹morphemekho³⁵ n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.49
Tujiathi²¹morphemekho³⁵ ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.38
Tujia (Northern)ti3morphemekuo3 n.‘hoof’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujia (Northern)ti³morphemekuo³ ‘hoof’Brassett 06 Tujia: 3.2
Tujiatʰi²¹morpheme kʰo³⁵ ‘hoof (of animal)’Chen 86 TuBQ: 6.2.6.8
Tujia (Northern)tʰi²¹morpheme kʰo³⁵ ‘hoof’Tian 86

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish18

Gazhuo(ŋ³¹morpheme) thi²⁴morphemekho²⁴mɛ³³morpheme n‘hoof’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.47
Gazhuom³¹morpheme thi²⁴morpheme kho²⁴ ‘hoof (of animal)’Dai 89 Gazh: 6.2.6.8
Nosukha³³ ‘hoof’Chen 86 Yi: 6.2.6.8
Nusu (Southern)kʰo³⁵ ‘hoof’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)kʰuɑ³⁵ ‘hoof’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)kʰo²¹ ‘hoof (horse)’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Liangshan)ɕɿ³⁴morphemekha³³ ‘hoof’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Xide)kha³³ ; bi⁵⁵morpheme ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.21
Yi (Xide)kʰa³³ ‘hoof’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)ɕɿ³³morpheme-kʰa³³ ‘hoof’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ɕɿ̄³³morphemekhɑ³³ n‘hoof (odd number)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0264.35

7Karenic1

8Bai4

Bai (Bijiang)ko⁴⁴po²¹morpheme ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.37
Bai (Dali)ko⁴⁴pɑ²¹morpheme ‘hoof’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 175.35
Bai (Dali)kɔ ? ‘foot / hoof of an animal’Dell 81: 63
Bai (Dali)kɔ⁰ ‘foot, / hoof’Dell 81: pp.150-169

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #417, *s-k(w/r)a ‘HOOF’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/417
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-417,
  title  = {{*s-k(w/r)a 'HOOF'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #417},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/417}
}