Reconstruction analysis
handles/m-raprefixs/minitialrrhymeaŋcoverL · N
Intermediate reconstructions
Lolo-Burmese*mraŋ² ‘HORSE’
Connections
HPTB*k-m-raŋ ⪤ *s-raŋ ‘horse’pp. 80, 102, 121, 267
Chinese comparandum
馬 OC *mɑ̊, GSR #40a-e ‘horse’; Schuessler 2007:373 *mrâʔ; B & S 2011: mˁraʔ; Mand. mǎ.
Cf. discussion in Schuessler 2007:32-33 regarding incompatibility between TB final -*ŋ and OC final -*ʔ in certain OC tone *B words.
Reflexes & cognates599 reflexes · 26 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6
1.1.2Deng16
Darang [Taraon]mɑ³¹ɹoŋ³⁵tɑ³¹morphemethɑ⁵³morpheme n‘fodder / feed (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0460.22
Iduma³¹bu⁵³#1228 PTB *s-pu ‘FEATHER / WING / HAIR (body)’ ‘mane (of horse, lion)’Sun H 91 IduQ: 8.1.6
1.2Kuki-Chin1
1.2.2Central Chin3
1.2.3Maraic1
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte2
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1
1.7.3.1Jingpho16
Jingphokum³¹morphemeʒa³¹ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³#2501 PTB *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’PTani *ñiŋ ‘YEAR’PCN *niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PL *s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’) n‘year of the horse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0761.19
1.7.3.2Asakian1
2.1.1Western Himalayish6
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1
3.2Qiangic89
Guiqiongmbu³⁵tshɔ̃⁵⁵#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.16
Qiang (Longxi)ʁò ‘7th earthly branch (horse)’[Source note] calque (Evans 1999).Evans 99 Qiang: 1110
Qiang (Longxi)ʁó kə́morpheme χú#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘horse's mane [horse-POSS?-body.hair]’Evans 99 Qiang: 339
Qiang (Longxi)ʁò-ió#6028 PTB *g-ya(k/ŋ) ‘SHEEP / YAK’ ‘Mongolian gazelle [horse-sheep]’Evans 99 Qiang: 387
Qiang (Longxi)ʁò-iuàloanword kùloanword ~ ʁó-iuáloanword kùloanword ‘horse shed [horse-b]’Evans 99 Qiang: 698
Qiang (Longxi)ʁò-tsoùmorpheme-sàmorpheme ȵìmorpheme ‘halter [horse-m-string]’Evans 99 Qiang: 827
Qiang (Mianchi)ʐòu ‘7th earthly branch (horse)’[Source note] calque (Evans 1999).Evans 99 Qiang: 1110
Qiang (Mianchi)ʐoù-duɛ́morpheme-lòŋloanword tsɨ̀ ‘halter, bridle [horse-mouth-b]’Evans 99 Qiang: 826
Queyu (Xinlong)bre¹³ li¹³morpheme tha⁵⁵morpheme n‘stable / fence (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0505.13
3.3rGyalrongic2
3.3.1rGyalrong15
Caodengnbri-jmɐ#1288 PTB *r-may ⪤ *m-ray ‘TAIL / PENIS’MesorootsPTani *me ~ *mjo ‘TAIL’PKC *C-may ‘TAIL’PLB *ʔ-m(r)ay² ‘TAIL’PL *ʔmri² ‘TAIL’Allofams1 #1288 PTB *r-may ⪤ *m-ray ‘TAIL / PENIS’1a #5545 PTB *r-mey ‘TAIL’ ‘tail of horse’Sun J 97 Cao
4Nungic28
Nungtho³¹lɑ⁵⁵#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mu³¹ n‘donkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0282.21
Anongtho³¹lɑ⁵⁵#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mu³¹ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.44
Dulongmɯ³¹gɯ³¹morphemepɑ³¹morphemetɔʔ⁵⁵morpheme n‘stable / fence (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0505.20
Dulongmɯ³¹gɯ⁵³morphemeni⁵⁵#2520 PTB *s-nyak ‘FILTH(Y) / EXCREMENT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.20
Dulongtɔ³¹lɑ⁵⁵#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mɔ⁵³ n‘donkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0282.20
5Tujia10
Tujia (Northern)pu2#3629 PTB *m-bru(ŋ/k) ‘DRAGON / THUNDER’meng3 n.‘legendary 'dragon horse'’Brassett 04 Tujia
6.1Lolo-Burmese1
6.1.1Burmish98
Achang (Longchuan)m̥ʐaŋ³¹kok⁵⁵#6077 PTB *kwa(ŋ/k) ‘FENCE / ENCLOSURE / CIRCLE / RING’ n‘stable / fence (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0505.28
Achang (Longchuan)m̥ʐaŋ³¹tsuŋ³¹#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.28
Achang (Longchuan)m̥ʐaŋ³¹tɕhi³¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.28
Achang (Longchuan)m̥ʑaŋ³¹mau³¹morpheme◦ɿiʔ³¹#6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’MesorootsPKC *laa ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’ n‘donkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0282.28
Achang (Xiandao)m̥ʐaŋ³¹ kʰɯ³¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘excrement (horse)’Dai 89 Xian: 323
Achang (Xiandao)m̥ʐaŋ³¹ tʂɯŋ⁵⁵#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ ‘mane (horse)’Dai 89 Xian: 322
Achang (Xiandao)m̥ʐaŋ³¹khɯ³¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.29
Achang (Xiandao)m̥ʐaŋ³¹koʔ³⁵#6077 PTB *kwa(ŋ/k) ‘FENCE / ENCLOSURE / CIRCLE / RING’ n‘stable / fence (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0505.29
Bolama³¹ tsuŋ³¹#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ ‘mane (horse)’Dai 89 Bola: 322
Bola (Luxi)ma³¹tsuŋ³¹#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.32
Bola (Luxi)mjɔ̃³¹khji³⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.32
Burmese (Rangoon)mjĩ⁵⁵lɛ²²morphemeshɑ̃²²#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.27
Burmese (Rangoon)mjĩ⁵⁵tɕhi⁵⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.27
Burmese (Written)mrɑŋ³lɑȵ²#479 PTB *g/m-liŋ ‘NECK’PTani *lɯŋ ‘NECK’shɑṁ²#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.26
Burmese (Written)mrɑŋ³◦khje#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ³ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.26
Langsu (Luxi)mjɔ̃³⁵tshɛ̃³¹#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.31
Lashi(mjaŋ³³) tsham³³#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘mane (of horse, lion)’Dai 89 Lash: 8.1.6
Leqi (Luxi)mjaŋ³³tsham³³#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.33
Maru [Langsu]mjɔ̃³⁵ tshɛ̃³¹#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘mane (of horse)’Dai 89 Lang: 8.1.6
Atsi [Zaiwa]mjaŋ²¹◦m#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.30
6.1.2Loloish5
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish118
Gazhuom³¹ (kho⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’) n‘year of the horse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0761.47
Gazhuom³¹ mo³⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ tsv̩³³#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ ‘mane (of horse, lion)’Dai 89 Gazh: 8.1.6
Gazhuom³¹mo³⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’tsv³³#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.47
Gazhuom³¹tshɿ³¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.47
Noesumu³³dzu²¹#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ ‘mane’Chen 86 Yi: 8.1.6
Nosumu³³li⁴⁴morphemem̥o³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘mane’Chen 86 Yi: 8.1.6
Nusu (Central)mɹə⁵⁵khɹi⁵⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.34
Nusu (Central)mɹə⁵⁵khɹu̱⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ n‘year of the horse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0761.34
Nusu (Central)mɹə⁵⁵m̥e⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.34
Nusu (Central)mʴə⁵⁵ kʰʴi⁵⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘excrement (horse)’Dai 89 NusB: 323.
Nusu (Central)mʴə⁵⁵ m̥e⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘mane (horse)’Dai 89 NusB: 322.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)mʴɤ⁵³ kʰʴi⁵⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘excrement (horse)’Dai 89 NusA: 323.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)mʴɤ⁵³ m̥e⁵⁵#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘mane (horse)’Dai 89 NusA: 322.
Nusu (Central)tho³¹la³³#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mo³¹ n‘donkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0282.34
Nusu (Northern)thɑ³¹lɑ³¹#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’miɯ³¹ ‘donkey’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)thɑ³¹lɑ⁵⁵#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’miɑʴ³¹zɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.45
Nusu (Southern)thɔ⁵⁵lɔ³¹#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’ʔmiɛ³⁵ ‘donkey’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Liangshan)mu²¹mo²¹#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ ‘horse, female; mare’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Nanhua)mu²¹kɯ³³#2006 PL *ʔ-k(r)ukᴴ ‘MANE / LONG HAIR’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.37
Yi (Nanhua)mu²¹mo³³#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ge³³morpheme n‘mare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0271.37
Yi (Nanhua)mu²¹tɕhi²¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.37
Yi (Nanhua)thɑ²¹li⁵⁵#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mæ̱²¹ n‘donkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0282.37
Yi (Nanhua)thᴀ²¹lo³³#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mɛ̱²¹ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.24
Yi (Nanjian)tha³³la³³#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’m̩(u̪)²¹ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.23
Yi (Weishan)tho³³lo³³#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’m̩²¹ n‘donkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0282.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵prefixm̩²¹chi²¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.36
Yi (Wuding)lv̩⁵⁵#6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’MesorootsPKC *laa ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mv̩³³ n‘donkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0282.38
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³tɕhi³³#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.38
Yi (Xide)m̩(u)³³ɬɯ²¹#1016 PTB *s/g-la ‘MOON / MONTH’PTani *po-lo ‘MOON’PKC *khlaa ‘MOON / MONTH’PNN *gla poy ‘MOON’TGTM *ᴮHla ‘MOON’TGTM *ᴮʰla ‘MONTH’PKir *la ‘MOON’PLB *s/ʔ-la³ ‘MOON / MONTH’PL *bə la³ ‘MOON’PKar *Ɂlaᴬ ‘MOON, MONTH’ ‘January (horse month)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 76.21
Yi (Xide)mu³³li³⁴morphemem̥o³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.35
6.1.2.2Central Loloish99
Jinuoma⁴²lo⁵⁵#6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’MesorootsPKC *laa ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’ n‘mule’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0281.44
Jinuomjo⁴⁴khri⁴⁴#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.44
Jinuomjo⁴⁴tshɛ⁴⁴#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.44
Jinuomɔ⁴²le³³#6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’MesorootsPKC *laa ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.34
Lahu (Lancang)i³⁵prefixmv⁵³khɔ⁵⁴#3606 PTB *kram ‘FENCE / GARDEN’ n‘stable / fence (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0505.43
Lahu (Lancang)i³⁵prefixmv⁵³ku³⁵#2006 PL *ʔ-k(r)ukᴴ ‘MANE / LONG HAIR’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.43
Lahu (Lancang)i³⁵prefixmv⁵³qhɛ⁵³#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.43
Lahu (Black)íprefix-mû-šɔ̄#642 PTB *səw-t ‘TESTICLES / PENIS / VIRILITY / SEMEN’ ‘stallion’Matisoff 88 DL: 1225
Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixmɔ²¹ my³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’dzi²¹#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ ‘mane’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixmɔ²¹ my³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’dzø²¹#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ ‘mane’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)a⁵⁵prefixmɔ²¹ ʃɿ⁵⁵morphemeʃɿ³³morpheme ‘horse-tail-grass (also known as horse-plait-grass; herbal medicine)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)a⁵⁵prefixɲi²¹#2538 PTB *ŋwa ‘CATTLE’ a⁵⁵prefixmɔ⁵⁵ ‘ox-horse (swearing term)’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of horse’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹khɔʔ²¹#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’su³³morpheme ‘born in the year of horse’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹my³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’dzi²¹#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ ‘mane’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹ni³³#85 PTB *s-nəy ‘SUN / DAY / DWELL’PTani *ñi ‘SUN’PKC *nii ‘DAY / SUN’PCN *nəj ‘SUN / DAY’PLB *ʔnəy¹/³ ‘SUN / DAY’PKar *nejᴬ ‘DAY’ ‘day of horse’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹næ³³#2483 PTB *s-nak ‘BLACK’PKC *nak ‘BLACK’PCN *a-njak ‘BLACK’PNN *C̥-ɲak ‘BLACK’PLB *s-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’PL *C-nakᴴ ‘BLACK’ ‘black horse’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)mɔ²¹phu³³#1235 PTB *plu ‘WHITE / SILVER / MONEY’PLB *plu¹ ‘WHITE / SILVER / MONEY’ ‘white horse’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)mɔ²¹ɲi³³#85 PTB *s-nəy ‘SUN / DAY / DWELL’PTani *ñi ‘SUN’PKC *nii ‘DAY / SUN’PCN *nəj ‘SUN / DAY’PLB *ʔnəy¹/³ ‘SUN / DAY’PKar *nejᴬ ‘DAY’ ‘day of horse’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutho⁴¹lɑ³³#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’mo³¹ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.27
Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphememo³¹be³³#597 PTB *(p/b)ay ‘ENCIRCLED / RINGED / STRIPED’ n‘stable / fence (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0505.40
Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphememo³¹dzɑ³³#36 PTB *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s ‘EAT / FOOD / FEED / RICE’PKC *θaʔ ‘FEED’PCN *tsaʔ ‘EAT’PCN *a-tsa-k ‘RICE (paddy)’PTk *tsa ‘EAT’PTk *tsaat ‘RICE (COOKED)’ n‘fodder / feed (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0460.40
Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphememo³¹mu̱³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’dzi³¹ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.40
Lisuɑ⁵⁵morphememo³¹zɑ³¹#1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’MesorootsPKC *θaa ‘CHILD / OFFSPRING / SON / DAUGHTER’PBG *sa ‘CHILD’Allofams1 #428 PTB *tsa-n ⪤ *za-n ‘CHILD / SON / RELATIVES’1a #1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’1b #2727 PTB *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’ n‘pony’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0269.40
Sani [Nyi]m̩⁵⁵ bv̩³³morpheme nu⁴⁴#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘mane (mashu)’Ma 89 SanQ: 309.3
Sani [Nyi]m̩⁵⁵bu³³morphemeno⁴⁴#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘mane’Chen 86 Yi: 8.1.6
Yi (Sani)m̩⁵⁵bv̩³³morphemenu⁴⁴#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.39
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish39
Hani (Lüchun)mo³¹ɕi³¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.41
Hani (Mojiang)mu³¹mɔ³³#1620 PTB *mow ‘WOMAN / FEMALE RELATIVE / FEMININE SUFFIX’PKC *maw ‘BRIDE / GROOM’PKar *muᴮ ‘FEMALE (HUMANS), MOTHER’ n‘mare’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0271.42
Hani (Mojiang)mu³¹tɕhi³¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.42
Hani (Mojiang)ɔ³¹morphememu³¹mv̱³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’tsv̱³³#370 PTB *(t)su-ŋ ‘HAIR / MANE / BEARD’PKar *chuNᴮ ‘FEATHER / FUR / BODY HAIR’ n‘mane (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0272.42
6.2Naxi29
Na (Yongning)ʐwæ˧kʰv˩#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year of the horse’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)ʐwæ˧qʰæ#˥#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘horse manure’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)ʐwæ˧zo#˥#1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’MesorootsPKC *θaa ‘CHILD / OFFSPRING / SON / DAUGHTER’PBG *sa ‘CHILD’Allofams1 #428 PTB *tsa-n ⪤ *za-n ‘CHILD / SON / RELATIVES’1a #1012 PTB *za-n ‘CHILD’1b #2727 PTB *tsa-n ‘CHILD / GRANDCHILD / NEPHEW / NIECE’ ‘colt, pony, filly, foal’Michaud 06 NaLaze
8Bai12
Bai (Bijiang)tho⁵⁵lo³³#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’me⁵⁵ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.37
Bai (Dali)tho⁵⁵lo⁵⁵#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’meʴ²¹ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.35
Bai (Jianchuan)tho⁵⁵lo⁵⁵#5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’Allofams1a #5356 PTB *tow-la ‘RABBIT / HARE’1b #6072 PTB *la ‘DONKEY / ASS / MULE’1c #5732 CH *luózi ‘MULE’miɛ²¹ ‘donkey’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 114.36
9.0.1Old Chinese3
9.0.3Modern Chinese8
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #1431,
*s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1431Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#145, HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-1431,
title = {{*s/m-raŋ 'HORSE'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1431},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1431}
}