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STEDT #479

*g/m-liŋ

NECK
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handleliŋinitiallrhymeiŋcoverL · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*lɯŋ ‘NECK’JS-HCST: 195

Connections

HPTB*m-liŋ ‘neck’pp. 280, 296, 307

Chinese comparandum

領 OC *li̯ĕng, GSR #823f; Coblin 86:112 *ljingx; B & S 2011: *reŋʔ {[r]eŋʔ}; Mand. lǐng.
頸 OC *ki̯ĕng, GSR #831n; B & S 2011: *keŋʔ {[k]eŋʔ}~*m-keŋ {m-[k]eŋ}; Mand. jǐng.

Reflexes & cognates321 reflexes · 45 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanbl+ying~ml+ying ‘neck’Coblin 86: 112

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)8

*Tibeto-Burmanling (*A) ‘neck’Coblin 86: 112
*Tibeto-Burmanliŋʔ/II-der. ‘neck’Weidert 87 TBTo: 609

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanilɯŋ ‘neck’Sun J 93 HCST: 269

1.1.1.1Western Tani33

Apatanilá-ŋu#5651 PTB *ku ‘NECK / THROAT’ lanmorpheme-čumorpheme ‘Adam's apple’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanila-ŋu#5651 PTB *ku ‘NECK / THROAT’ pamorpheme-čumorpheme ‘Adam's apple’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanilán-čumorpheme ‘goiter’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanilaŋ-gu#5651 PTB *ku ‘NECK / THROAT’ pamorpheme-čʰumorpheme ‘Adam's apple’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarlɯŋ-pomorpheme ‘mane, bristle (of pig)’Sun J 93 Tani
Galo`lɨɨ◦yaamorpheme n.‘collar’GLDC 09 Galo

1.2.3Maraic2

Tha'oarɔ̆n² ‘neck’Luce 85: N.44
Tha'oarɔ̆n⁴ ‘neck’Luce 85: N.44

1.2.4“Old Kuki”7

Kom Remr̥iŋ ‘neck’Toba 91 KRQ: 4.1
Kom Remr̥iŋ ‘nape of neck’Toba 91 KRQ: 4.1.3
Moyonrəŋ ‘neck’Kosha 90: 4.1
Moyonrəŋ lpúmmorpheme ~ rəŋ ltúrmorpheme ‘goiter’Kosha 90: 4.1.1
Moyonrəŋ◦kuŋmorpheme ‘nape of neck’Kosha 90: 4.1.3

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)4

*Aoaprefix-liŋ ‘BASE / LOWER RANGE’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.333
Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-zəŋ³ n.‘lower range’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.333
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)aprefix◦liŋ n.‘lower range’Coupe 07 Ao
Sangtamling◦amorpheme ‘throat’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Meluriaprefix◦lji ‘neck’Marrison 67 Naga

1.5Mikir [Karbi]3

Mikir [Karbi]làng-jóymorpheme ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Grüssner 79 BP: 178
Mikir [Karbi]lang◦joi#496 PTB *m-g(u/i)l ‘THROAT’ (aprefix◦pongmorpheme) ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP

1.6Mru2

Mruling ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Mrulɑŋ² ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garo (Bangladesh)gitmorpheme-okmorpheme-reng ‘neck, narrow place, throat’Burling 92 GaBa

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte2

2.1.2.1Tibetan22

Tibetan (Jirel)jying◦bāsuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)jing◦basuffix ‘neck’Bishop 89: 4.1
Sherpajing◦bāsuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Sherpajing◦bāsuffix ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP
Sherpajinh◦bāsuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Spitijiŋ◦basuffix ‘neck’Bodh 91: 4.1
Tibetan (Written)'jing-pasuffix ~ mjing-pasuffix ‘neck’Coblin 86: 112
Tibetan (Written)'jiŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 83 TIL: 26
Tibetan (Written)ḥdźiŋ-pasuffix / mdźiŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Benedict 72 STC: 33n106
Tibetan (Written)h̥j̀iṅ-kuṅmorpheme ‘nape’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)hjin-ltag#1722 PTB *l-t(y)ak ‘UPPER SURFACE / TOP / ABOVE / CLIMB / LIFT / ASCEND / PALATE’Allofams9 #1722 PTB *l-t(y)ak ‘UPPER SURFACE / TOP / ABOVE / CLIMB / LIFT / ASCEND / PALATE’9a #391 PTB *s-tak ‘HEAD’ ‘nape’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)h̥j̀iŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)jiŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43
Tibetan (Written)mdʒiŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Zhang Liansheng 88: 29
Tibetan (Written)mjiŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43
Tibetan (Written)mj̀iŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)mjiŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 83 TIL: 26
Tibetan (Written)ʼjiŋ-pasuffix ‘neck’Luce 85: W.121
"Pre-Tibetan"'mlying ‘neck’Coblin 86: 112

2.1.3Lepcha4

Lepchatŭkprefix-lin̊ ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchatŭŋprefix-lin̊ ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

2.3.3Central Kiranti1

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulunglək◦camorpheme ‘neck’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepang (Eastern)pokmorpheme◦cyumorpheme◦ruŋʔ ‘nape of neck’Caughley 90 CheQ: 4.1.3

3.1Tangut4

Tangut [Xixia]lɪ̯we¹~hlɪ̯we ‘neck’Sofronov 97

3.2Qiangic9

It is difficult to decide whether these Qiangic forms with eroded finals belong to #479 PTB *g/m-liŋ NECK or #5650 PTB *rim NECK.

Xumiɣɛ̃³⁵ ‘neck’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumiɣɛ̃³⁵ ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.20
Xumiʁɛ̃³³tshi⁵³morpheme n‘neck (back of, hindneck, nape)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0089.17
Xumiʁɛ̃³⁵ n‘neck’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0089.17

3.3rGyalrongic1

Ergong (Northern)vdɛ³³morpheme le⁵³ ‘neck’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 4.1

4Nungic9

Anongling (*A) ‘neck’Coblin 86: 112
Anongliŋ ‘neck’LaPolla 87: 132
Trung [Dulong]liŋ⁵⁵gɯi⁵³morpheme ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.46
Trung [Dulong]ləŋ¹³ gə̆i⁴⁴morpheme ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)liŋ⁵⁵ gɯi⁵³morpheme ‘neck’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)liŋ⁵⁵ gɯi⁵³morpheme ‘neck’LaPolla 87: 132
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)laŋ⁵⁵ gi⁵³morpheme ‘neck’LaPolla 87: 132
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)lɑŋ³¹ gi⁵³morpheme ‘neck’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish54

Achang (Luxi)ləŋ⁵⁵ ləŋ³⁵ ‘neck’Dai 85 AcJZ
Burmese (Rangoon)lɛ²²pĩ⁵⁵morpheme n‘neck’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0089.27
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)lɛ²²pɪ̃⁵⁵morpheme ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.40
Burmese (Written)lañ-kugmorpheme ‘nape’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)laññ◦paṅ:morpheme ‘neck’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)lɑȵ²pɑŋ³morpheme n‘neck’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0089.26
Burmese (Written)lɑȵ²pɑŋ³morpheme ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.39
Danulɛ⁴◦[pʻĩ²]morpheme ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43
Hpun (Northern)ăprefix◦láiŋ ‘neck’Henderson 86 Hpun
Hpun (Metjo)ăprefix◦lɑiŋ¹ ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43
Lashi (Lachhe')ləŋ⁴- ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43
Marmalɔiŋ◦pháŋmorpheme ‘neck’Huziwara 08 Sak: 25
Taung-Yole⁴ ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]ləŋ⁴- ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish46

Lalolu⁵⁵ mu²¹morpheme ‘nape of neck’Chen 86 Yi: 4.1.3
Yi (Dafang)lie²¹ bɑ²¹suffix ‘neck’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Dafang)lie²¹ba²¹suffix ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.22
Yi (Liangshan)ku³³#495 PTB *kwa ‘THROAT / NECK’go⁵⁵morphemeli³³go⁵⁵morpheme ‘neck, sore; sore neck’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)li³³ ‘neck (body part)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)li³⁴sɿ³³morpheme ‘goiter’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)lɛ³³da³³morpheme ‘neck, back of the’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)lɛ³⁴m̥u̱³³morpheme ‘neck, thick; thick-necked’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Xide)fu²¹morpheme-li²¹ ‘throat’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish31

Lolo (Ni)lài ‘neck’Luce 85: S.43
Ahilɛ²² pɑ³³morpheme ‘goiter’Luo 90: 4.1.1
Ahitʂʻo²¹#3363 PTB *m-tsywa(ŋ) ‘THROAT’ lɛ²² po⁵⁵morpheme ‘adam's apple / larynx’Luo 90: 4.1.4
Jinuo (Baka)lɯ³¹ nu⁴⁴morpheme lu⁴⁴morpheme ‘nape’Dai 89 JinB: 116
Sani [Nyi]læ³³ to̱²¹morpheme ‘short neck (person with)’Wu 84: 121.5
Sani [Nyi]læ³³ ɕæ̱⁴⁴morpheme mɑ³³morpheme ‘long neck (person with)’Wu 84: 123.1
Yi (Sani)læ³³kv̩³³morpheme n‘neck’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0089.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish27

Bisunɨŋ◦panmorpheme ‘goiter’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 14
Bisunɨŋ◦poemorpheme ‘nape of the neck’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 15
Bisuʔã́prefix líɲ ‘neck’Bradley 79 PLo
Mpiʔi²prefixlɯ⁶ ‘throat’Bradley 79 PLo
Sangkonglaŋ⁵⁵ tshɿ̱³¹morpheme ‘neck’Li Yongsui 91 Sang
Sangkonglɯŋ⁵⁵ tshɿ̱³¹morpheme ‘neck’Li Yongsui 91 Sang
Ugongyɯ̌ŋ sɯ̂ŋ#255 PTB *tsiŋ ‘NECK’ / yɯ̌ŋ sɯ̩̂ŋ ‘neck’Bradley 93 Ugo: 4.1
Ugongyɯ̌ŋ sɯ̂ŋ#255 PTB *tsiŋ ‘NECK’ bǒ̩ŋmorpheme ‘back of neck’Bradley 93 Ugo
Ugongyɯ̌ŋ sɯ̂ŋ#255 PTB *tsiŋ ‘NECK’ wᴜ́morpheme sɔ́ŋmorpheme ‘nape of neck’Bradley 93 Ugo: 4.1.3

9Sinitic1

"Pre-Chinese"bljingx ‘neck’Coblin 86: 112

9.0.1Old Chinese7

Chinese (Old/Mid)ki̯ĕng/ki̯ɑ̈ng: ‘neck / throat’Karlgren 57 GSR: 831n
Chinese (Old/Mid)li̯ĕng/li̯ɑ̈ng ‘neck, collar’Karlgren 57 GSR: 823f
Chinese (Old/Mid)li̯ěŋ/li̯ɑ̈ŋ ‘neck / collar’Chou 72: 823f

9.0.2Middle Chinese2

Chinese (Middle)ljäŋ ‘neck, collar’LaPolla 87: 132

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #479, *g/m-liŋ ‘NECK’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/479
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-479,
  title  = {{*g/m-liŋ 'NECK'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #479},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/479}
}