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STEDT #359

*tuk ⪤ *twak

HEAD / SKULL / NECK
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handletukinitialtrhymeuk ⪤ twacoverT · WT

Connections

HPTB*tuk ⪤ *twak ‘neck’pp. 357, 359, 361, 514

Notes

Several forms seem to reflect a variant with a final velar nasal: WB lañ-tuing, jak-tuing and Sulong kə³³tuoŋ³³.

Chinese comparandum

脰 OC *d’u, GSR #118d ‘neck’; B & S 2011: *kə.dˁok-s; Mand. dòu.
髑 OC *dʼu̯k, GSR #1224m ‘skull’; B & S 2011: *dˁok {[d]ˁok}; Mand. dú.

Reflexes & cognates129 reflexes · 31 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

1.1“North Assam”2

Sulung [Puroik]kə³³prefixtuoŋ³³ ‘neck’Sun H 93 SulQ
Sulung [Puroik]kə³³prefixtuoŋ³³ ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.52

1.1.1.1Western Tani11

Bengniñikmorpheme-tuk ‘forehead’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengnituk-kupmorpheme ‘wrinkle (on forehead)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarmimorpheme tuk n‘forehead’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0077.24
Bokar Lhobamimorpheme tuk ‘forehead’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 233.51
Bokar Lhobamimorpheme◦tuk ‘forehead’Sun H 80 MLD
Galotuk-komorpheme ‘forehead’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galotuk◦komorpheme n.‘forehead’GLDC 09 Galo
Galotup◦komorpheme n.‘forehead’GLDC 09 Galo
Galotup◦pɨkmorpheme adj.‘protruding (forehead)’GLDC 09 Galo
Tagintok◦tummorpheme ‘forehead’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.2.2Central Chin5

Lushai [Mizo]thluk ‘back of the head’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 235
Lushai [Mizo]tuk-khummorpheme ‘back of head’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]tuk-khummorpheme(-khurmorpheme) ‘nape’Matisoff 87 BP

1.2.3Maraic1

Lailenpimə̆ˊmorphemerua¹morpheme◦tɑuʔ⁴ ‘neck’Luce 85: N.44

1.5Mikir [Karbi]9

Mikir [Karbi]cemorpheme◦thók ‘neck’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1106
Mikir [Karbi]chemorpheme-thók ‘neck / throat’Grüssner 79 BP: 61
Mikir [Karbi]chemorpheme◦thok ‘neck’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]chemorpheme◦thok ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]chemorpheme◦thók aprefix-chàymorpheme-bèmorpheme ‘mane (of horse, lion)’Grüssner 79 BP: 61
Mikir [Karbi]cimorpheme◦thók ‘neck’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1106
Mikir [Karbi]tśemorpheme◦thok ‘neck’Benedict 72 STC: 392

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

1.7.1.1Bodo10

Bodogaprefix◦da◦namorpheme ‘nape’Matisoff 87 BP
Bodogoprefix◦do ‘neck’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodogoprefix◦do ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Dimasagoprefix◦do ‘neck’Marrison 67 Naga
Dimasagoprefix◦do ‘neck’Benedict 72 STC: 392
Kokborokkəprefix-toʔ ‘throat’Tripuri 88
Lalung [Tiwa]koprefix◦doʔ ‘neck’Balawan 65: 20
Lalung [Tiwa]komorpheme◦do◦kuimorpheme◦simorpheme ‘Adam's apple’Balawan 65: 20

1.7.1.2Garo5

Garogitprefix-dok ‘neck’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1106
Garogitprefix-dok ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Garogiprefix◦tok ‘neck’Benedict 72 STC: 392
Garo (Bangladesh)gimorpheme-tok ‘neck / narrow place / throat’Burling 92 GaBa

1.7.1.3Koch4

Atongdək-əmmorpheme ‘head’Matisoff 87 BP
Atongtok◦thiningmorpheme n‘neck’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongtok◦thynyngmorpheme n‘neck’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

1.7.3.1Jingpho13

Jingphoa³¹prefix tuʔ³¹ ‘neck’Liu 84
Jingphodu bawngmorpheme ‘goiter’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphodu krawkmorpheme ‘hollow on each side of neck above clavicle’Matisoff 87 BP: 64
Jingphodu ləprefix◦simorpheme ‘salivary glands’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphodùʔ-bōŋmorpheme ‘goiter’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 182
Jingphotuʔ³¹ ‘neck’Liu 84
Jingphotuʔ³¹ ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.47

1.7.3.2Asakian5

Ganankăprefix◦dɔʔ⁴ ‘neck’Luce 85: L.144
Kadu (Kantu)kăprefix◦toʔ³ ‘neck’Luce 85: L.144
Sak (Bawtala)ăprefix◦kɔ̆³prefix◦duʔ⁴ ‘neck’Luce 85: L.144
Sakáprefix◦kəprefix◦duʔ ‘neck’Huziwara 08 Sak: 25
Sak (Dodem)ăprefix◦săprefix◦doʔ³ ‘neck’Luce 85: L.144

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Pattani [Manchati]mumorpheme◦tʰu ‘neck, throat’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

2.1.2Bodic7

Baimadʒø¹³morpheme ngɔ⁵³morpheme kɛ¹³morpheme do³⁵ ‘nape of neck’Sun H 91 Baim: 4.1.3
Baimakɛ¹³morpheme do³⁵ ‘neck’Sun H 91 Baim: 4.1
Kaikethop◦pāmorpheme ‘head’With assimilation of medial consonants.Matisoff 87 BP
Tshona (Wenlang)tɑk⁵⁵ pɑ⁵⁵suffix ‘neck’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)tᴀk⁵⁵ pᴀ⁵³suffix ‘neck’Sun H 80 MLD
Tshona (Mama)tᴀk⁵⁵pᴀ⁵³suffix ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.6
Cuona Menbatak⁵⁵pa⁵³suffix n‘neck’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0089.06

2.1.4Tamangish1

Tamang (Risiangku)¹tʰop◦omorpheme n‘head’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 2.1

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti4

Limbuthɔt◦luŋmorpheme◦pekmorpheme ‘throat, adam's apple’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Yakhatuː◦aːmorpheme ‘forehead / brow’Kohn 90: 3.2

2.3.2Southern Kiranti3

Chamlingduk◦semorpheme ‘neck’Winter 85: 11
Chamlingdu◦semorpheme ‘neck’Winter 85: 11
Kulungdo◦weimorpheme ‘neck’Rai 75 Kul

3.2Qiangic2

Ersuhtuɑ³³ rɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘neck’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersuhtuɑ³³rɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘neck’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 248.18

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #359, *tuk ⪤ *twak ‘HEAD / SKULL / NECK’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/359
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#392
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-359,
  title  = {{*tuk ⪤ *twak 'HEAD / SKULL / NECK'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #359},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/359}
}