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STEDT #356

*s-ŋa-k

FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleŋaprefixsinitialŋrhymea-ksuffixkcoverM · VT

Intermediate reconstructions

Tamangish*ᴬŋo ‘FOREHEAD’
Lolo-Burmese*ʔ-na² ‘FOREHEAD’DL:741

Notes

The oldest form of this root seems to begin with the velar nasal. This has developed into pre-glottalized ʔ-n in Lolo-Burmese.

Chinese comparandum

頟/額 OC *nglɑ̆k, GSR #766j’ ‘forehead’; Schuessler 2007:552 *ŋrâk; Mand. é.

Reflexes & cognates152 reflexes · 12 subgroups

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Saknə◦phú#2024 PLB *pu² ‘FOREHEAD’◦jamorpheme ‘forehead’This is a borrowing from Marma (Arakanese) nəphúja.Huziwara 08 Sak: 2

2.1.4Tamangish27

*TGTMᴬŋo ‘forehead’Mazaudon 78 Tam: 50
*TGTMᴬŋo ‘forehead’Mazaudon 94 These: 209
Chantyalɦõ ‘forehead / brow’Noonan 92: 3.2
Gurung³ŋo ‘forehead’Mazaudon 94 These: 209
Tamang (Sahu)ngoh ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1Lolo-Burmese

The Loloish glottal prefix is reflected directly by Lalo and Yi (Weishan), and indirectly by the very low tone in Lahu nā, and by the voiceless nasals in Nusu (Central) and Jinuo.

6.1.1Burmish27

Achang (Longchuan)ȵɔʔ⁵⁵ pat³⁵morpheme ‘cockscomb’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)ȵɔʔ⁵⁵pat³⁵morpheme n‘cockscomb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0297.28
Achang (Xiandao)n̥a³¹ pap³⁵morpheme ‘cockscomb’Dai 89 Xian: 346
Achang (Xiandao)n̥a³¹pap³⁵morpheme n‘cockscomb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0297.29

6.1.2Loloish1

Lolophoŋɤ̱³¹ kɒ⁴⁴morpheme ‘forehead / brow’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.2

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish29

Gazhuonao³¹ mɛ³²³morpheme ‘forehead / brow’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.2
Gazhuonao³¹mɛ³²³morpheme n‘forehead’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0077.47
Laloʔno²¹ tsɿ³³morpheme ‘forehead / brow’Chen 86 Yi: 3.2
Liphoŋɤ²¹phu²¹#2024 PLB *pu² ‘FOREHEAD’tsi̱³³morpheme ‘forehead’Chen 86 Yi: 3.2
Nasuo³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ ȵe̱⁵⁵ ‘forehead / brow’Chen 86 Yi: 3.2
Noesuŋu²¹thɤ²¹morpheme ‘forehead’Chen 86 Yi: 3.2
Nosuȵi⁵⁵thi³³morpheme ‘forehead’Chen 86 Yi: 3.2
Yi (Liangshan)n̥a³³ka⁵⁵morpheme ‘forehead’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)ȵi⁵⁵thi³³morpheme ‘forehead’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mojiang)ŋu̱³³tɕi⁵⁵morpheme ‘forehead’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 233.26
Yi (Nanhua)ŋə̱²¹bə²¹morphemedi³³morpheme n‘forehead’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0077.37
Yi (Weishan)ʔno²¹tsɿ³³morpheme n‘forehead’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0077.36
Yi (Wuding)u³³morphemeȵe̱⁵⁵ n‘forehead’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0077.38

6.1.2.2Central Loloish34

Jinuo (Baka)n̥o⁴⁴ mu³¹morpheme lu³¹morpheme ‘cockscomb’Dai 89 JinB: 369
Jinuo (Youle)n̥ɔ⁴⁴ mo⁴²morpheme lo⁴²morpheme ‘cockscomb’Gai 86
Jinuonə⁴⁴mo⁴²morphemelo⁴²morpheme n‘cockscomb’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0297.44
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)nʌ⁴⁴ mo³¹ ‘cockscomb’morpheme · morphemeDai 89 JinA: 369
Lahu (Black)nā ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Lisu (Northern)ŋɯʔ²¹ V‘nod; N in compounds for forehead’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋɯʔ²¹læ³⁵morpheme ‘high forehead’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ŋɯʔ²¹tɔ³³morpheme ‘protruding forehead’Bradley 94 Lisu

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #356, *s-ŋa-k ‘FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/356
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-356,
  title  = {{*s-ŋa-k 'FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #356},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/356}
}