Reconstruction analysis
handlepiinitialprhymei⪤bicoverP · V
Notes
This root typically occurs as the last syllable in compounds for such bodyparts as CHEST / BREAST, SHOULDER, FIST, FOREHEAD, and BUTTOCK (cf. Lahu ni-ma-qa-pɨ, làʔ-qá-pɨ, làʔ-chɨ̂ʔ-pɨ, nā-qā-pɨ, and qhɛ̂-qhɔ-pɨ, respectively).
Hayu phi and the Jinuo forms with aspirated initials may descend from a separate root, especially since these morphemes do not occur as the final member in compounds.
This etymon resembles, but seems distinct from, #1275 PTB *pu BALL / EGG / ROUND OBJECT, which also refers to a variety of rounded body parts. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish these two roots in Lolo-Burmese, perhaps due to insufficient phonemicization in the sources.
Reflexes & cognates78 reflexes · 16 subgroups
1.1.1.1Western Tani2
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1
Milangɲun#259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’MesorootsPKar *náun' ‘BREAST’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’-pi ‘nipple’Despite the final dental nasal in Milang ɲun-, it is assigned to #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) BREAST / MILK because of the doublet with ɲuŋ.Tayeng 76 Mil
1.1.2Deng5
Darang [Taraon]ȵi⁵⁵#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’khɑ³¹morphemebi³⁵ n‘breast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0094.22
Darang [Taraon]ȵi⁵⁵#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’khɑ³¹morphemebi³⁵ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.49
Iduȵo⁵⁵#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’bi³⁵ ‘breast’Sun H 91 IduQ: 5.4
Iduȵo⁵⁵#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’bi³⁵ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.50
Yiduȵo⁵⁵#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’bi³⁵ n‘breast’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0094.25
1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1
1.4Meithei1
2.1.2.1Tibetan1
2.2Newar5
Newardurumorpheme pi◦pi◦camorpheme ‘nipple’Newar duru ‘milk’ is a loan from Skt. dugdha- (cf. #3466 IA *du-t MILK / BREAST); ca DIMINUTIVE.Shakya 89: 5.4.1
2.3Kiranti1
2.3.3Central Kiranti2
2.3.4Western Kiranti5
3.2Qiangic5
Qiang (Taoping)lɑ³¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ χɑ⁵⁵#1278 PTB *s-ka(ː)k ‘FORK / BRANCH / CROTCH’PTani *ɦak ‘BRANCH’PLB *ʔ-gakᴸ ‘BRANCH’ pi³³ ‘shoulder’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)lɑ³¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’χɑ⁵⁵#1278 PTB *s-ka(ː)k ‘FORK / BRANCH / CROTCH’PTani *ɦak ‘BRANCH’PLB *ʔ-gakᴸ ‘BRANCH’pi³³ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.9
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish4
Gazhuoɕo³³morpheme pv̩³⁵ ‘chest’Gazhuo ɕo³³ and Shuikui ɕiõ³³ are probably loans from Chinese 胸 (Mand. xiōng) ‘chest’.Dai 87 Gazh
Nesuȵi̱³³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ mo²¹suffix po³³ ‘chest’Chen 86 Yi: 5.1
Yi (Mile)ᴀ³³prefixnɯ³³#251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’MesorootsPTk *niŋ ‘MIND / THINK / SOUL’PLB *s-niŋ³ ‘HEART’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’pi⁵⁵ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.25
Yi (Nanjian)a⁵⁵prefixtʂɿ̄³³#5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’MesorootsPKC *θeep ‘SUCK / SMOKE (v.)’PCN *m-tshəp ‘SUCK / KISS’PNN *CⓋ-cuːp ‘SUCK’PNN *CⓋ-cʰup ‘KISS’PLB *ʔcupᴴ ⪤ *ʔjupᴸ ⪤ *C-cupᴸ ‘SUCK / MILK’Allofams1a #5536 PTB *dz(y)wap ⪤ *ts(y)wap ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1b #5541 PTB *m-ts(y)(u/i)p ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1c #5537 PTB *dzyut ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1d #5540 PTB *tsyuk ⪤ *dzyuk ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’1e #5539 PTB *dzy(ə/o)w ‘SUCK / KISS / BREAST / MILK’pi³³ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.23
6.1.2.2Central Loloish40
Ahia³³prefixnɯ³³#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’pi⁵⁵ ‘breast’Chen 86 Yi: 5.4
Ahiɑ³³prefix nɯ³³#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’ pi⁵⁵ ‘breast’Luo 90: 5.4
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)pʰi³¹ tʰa⁵⁵#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Dai 89 JinA: 117
Kucongla31#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ phi33 pa55#565 PTB *d(y/w)ar ‘SHOULDER’PLB *ta ‘SHOULDER’ ‘shoulder’Dai 09 Kucong
Kucongna55#356 PTB *s-ŋa-k ‘FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB’TGTM *ᴬŋo ‘FOREHEAD’PLB *ʔ-na² ‘FOREHEAD’ ka31#2026 PL *s-ka² ‘FOREHEAD’ phv33 ‘forehead’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Lancang)nɑ¹¹#356 PTB *s-ŋa-k ‘FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB’TGTM *ᴬŋo ‘FOREHEAD’PLB *ʔ-na² ‘FOREHEAD’qɑ²¹#2026 PL *s-ka² ‘FOREHEAD’pɯ³³ n‘forehead’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0077.43
Lahu (Black)làʔ#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-chɨ̂ʔ#86 PTB *(t)sy(i/u)p ⪤ *(t)swap ‘SQUEEZE / WRING / CRUMPLE’PLB *ʔ-tsup ⪤ *ʔ-tsip ‘CRUMPLE / SQUEEZE / FIST’-pɨ ‘fist’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)làʔ#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-qá#1278 PTB *s-ka(ː)k ‘FORK / BRANCH / CROTCH’PTani *ɦak ‘BRANCH’PLB *ʔ-gakᴸ ‘BRANCH’-pɨ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)lᴀ²¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’tshɿ⁵⁴#86 PTB *(t)sy(i/u)p ⪤ *(t)swap ‘SQUEEZE / WRING / CRUMPLE’PLB *ʔ-tsup ⪤ *ʔ-tsip ‘CRUMPLE / SQUEEZE / FIST’pə³³ ‘fist’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 252.33
Lahu (Black)nā#356 PTB *s-ŋa-k ‘FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB’TGTM *ᴬŋo ‘FOREHEAD’PLB *ʔ-na² ‘FOREHEAD’-qā#2026 PL *s-ka² ‘FOREHEAD’-pɨ ‘forehead’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)na³¹#356 PTB *s-ŋa-k ‘FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB’TGTM *ᴬŋo ‘FOREHEAD’PLB *ʔ-na² ‘FOREHEAD’ qa³¹#2026 PL *s-ka² ‘FOREHEAD’ pɯ³³ ‘forehead’Chang 86
Lahu (Black)ni#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’-masuffix-pɨ(◦šī#1019 PTB *sey ‘FRUIT / ROSE / ROUND OBJECT’PTani *ze ‘FRUIT’PKC *thay ‘FRUIT’PKC *ʔaar-θii ⪤ *-sii ‘STAR’PCN *a-sej ‘FRUIT / SEED’PTk *tʰej ‘FRUIT’PKar *saᴮ ‘FRUIT’) ‘chest’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)ni#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’-masuffix-qa#310 PTB *k(w)a ‘CHEST’-pɨ ‘chest’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)ni³³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ ma³³suffix pɯ³³ ‘chest (of body)’Chang 86
Lahu (Black)niː#251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’MesorootsPTk *niŋ ‘MIND / THINK / SOUL’PLB *s-niŋ³ ‘HEART’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’◦masuffix◦[puiː] ‘breast; chest; heart’Luce 85: U.9
Lahu (Black)nᴀ³¹#356 PTB *s-ŋa-k ‘FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB’TGTM *ᴬŋo ‘FOREHEAD’PLB *ʔ-na² ‘FOREHEAD’qᴀ²¹#2026 PL *s-ka² ‘FOREHEAD’pə³³ ‘forehead’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 233.33
Lahu (Black)pɛ³¹#163 PTB *s-bʷa(m/p) ‘SWELL / SWOLLEN / FAT / THICK / ROUNDED PART’MesorootsPCN *pəm ‘SWELL, BE SWOLLEN’PLB *C-pwap ‘SWELL UP / BE SWOLLEN / STOUT / CALF OF LEG’Allofams1a #163 PTB *s-bʷa(m/p) ‘SWELL / SWOLLEN / FAT / THICK / ROUNDED PART’1b #1317 PTB *bwap ‘CALF / LEG’pɯ³³ ‘chest’This form is also cited in DL:852 as pɛ̀-pɨ ‘crop of bird; (human) breast, chest’. It is co-allofamic with pɛ̀-pì(-qu) ‘chicken’s breast’ (cf. also pɛ̀-qu ‘goiter’).Sun H 91 ZMYY: 257.33
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-qhɔ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’-pɨ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Yellow)na³¹#356 PTB *s-ŋa-k ‘FOREHEAD / COCKSCOMB’TGTM *ᴬŋo ‘FOREHEAD’PLB *ʔ-na² ‘FOREHEAD’ qa³¹#2026 PL *s-ka² ‘FOREHEAD’ pɯ³³ ‘forehead’Chang 86
Lahu (Yellow)ȵi³³#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ pɯ³³ ‘chest (of body)’Chang 86
Lisulá⁶#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-hprgh⁴ ‘shoulder’Matisoff 87 BP
Lisu (Central)lá⁶#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-hprgh⁴ ‘arm’The trigraph -rgh was described by Fraser as representing “the sound of involuntary retching”, and seems to have represented the high central vowel ɨ.Fraser 22
Lisu (Central)lá⁶#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-hprgh⁴ ‘shoulder’Fraser 22
Lisulá⁶#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’hprgh⁴ ‘shoulder’Bradley 79 PLo: 107
Lisulá⁶#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’hprgh⁴ ‘arm’Bradley 79 PLo: 108
Lisu (Northern)læʔ²¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’phɤ³³ ‘shoulder’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)læʔ²¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’phɤ³³ nɔ⁵⁵morphemedu³³morpheme ‘shoulder pad’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)læʔ²¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’phɤ³³phi²¹morpheme ‘shoulder blade’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Nujiang)lɛ³¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’ pʰɯ³³ ‘shoulder’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisulɛ̱³¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’phɯ³³ n‘shoulder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0090.40
Lisulɛ³¹#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’pʰɯ⁴⁴ ‘shoulder’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 250.27
Sani [Nyi]n̩⁴⁴#251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’MesorootsPTk *niŋ ‘MIND / THINK / SOUL’PLB *s-niŋ³ ‘HEART’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’ mɑ³³suffix pɪ⁴⁴ be⁴morpheme ‘heartbeat’Ma 89 SanQ: 323.4
Sani [Nyi]n̩⁴⁴#297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’Allofams1 #689 PTB *s/k-n(y)i-k/ŋ ‘HEART / MIND / BRAIN’1a #251 PTB *s/k-niŋ ‘BRAIN / HEART / MIND’1b #1385 PTB *s/k-nik ‘HEART / MIND’1c #297 PTB *s-ni ‘HEART / BREAST / CHEST / RIB’mɑ³³suffixpɪ⁴⁴be⁴⁴morpheme ‘heartbeat’Chen 86 Yi: 9.3.1
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish2
6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish2
6.2Naxi3
Na (Yongning)nju˩#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’bi˧˩ ‘breast’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Eastern)ȵu³¹#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’bi³³ ‘breast’He 85
Naxi (Yongning)ȵu³¹#253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’MesorootsPKC *hnooy ‘BREAST’PTk *nu ‘BREAST’PKar *nu' ‘BREAST’PKar *nuᴮ ‘BREASTS’Allofams2 #3585 PTB *s-nəw(-) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2a #253 PTB *s-nəw ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2b #3586 PTB *s-nəw(t/n) ‘BREAST / MILK / SUCK’2c #259 PTB *s-nəw(k/ŋ) ‘BREAST / MILK’bi³³ ‘breast’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 259.29
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #276,
*(p/b)i ‘ROUNDED PART / NIPPLE / FOREHEAD / SHOULDER’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/276Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-276,
title = {{*(p/b)i 'ROUNDED PART / NIPPLE / FOREHEAD / SHOULDER'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #276},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/276}
}