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STEDT #86

*(t)sy(i/u)p ⪤ *(t)swap

SQUEEZE / WRING / CRUMPLE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*ʔ-tsup ⪤ *ʔ-tsip ‘CRUMPLE / SQUEEZE / FIST’TSR #66

Reflexes & cognates106 reflexes · 22 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burman(t)syip ⪤ (t)syup ‘wring / crumple’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 618

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)aprefix◦chep ‘squeeze’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)meprefix◦chep ‘squeeze’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.1Bodo4

Bodoséb v‘squeeze / press’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodosep◦kómorpheme v‘squeeze out seeds from a fruit’Bhat 68 Boro
Bodosep◦kómorpheme v‘squeeze out seed from a fruit’Bhat 68 Boro
Dimasasep ‘squeeze’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.2Garo1

1.7.1.3Koch2

Atongsep- v‘wring, to squeeze out’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongsep◦jyrotmorpheme- v‘wring’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.3.1Jingpho4

Jingphošùp ‘clench / crumple’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 325
Jingphotšùp ‘clench / crumple’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 325
Jingphoʃup³¹ ‘wring’Liu 84
Jingphoʃup³¹ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.47

2.1.2Bodic1

Tsangla (Motuo)sop¹³ ‘wring (e.g. hands, clothes)’Zhang Jichuan 86

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Thulungcip- ‘<squeeze> to press on, to squash’Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepangyup- vat.‘tight, hold fast, grip, squeeze’Caughley 00 Chepang

3.2Qiangic14

Ersuʂuɑ⁵⁵luɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.18
Lyuzuntshu̵⁵³ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.18
Muyanɐ³³tsui⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.15
Muya [Minyak]nɯ⁵⁵morphemetsɯ⁵⁵tsɔ⁵⁵morpheme ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.15
Namuyintshu̵⁵³ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.46
Pumi (Jiulong)tsɿ⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.10
Pumi (Lanping)tsə⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.09
Pumi (Qinghua)nə¹³stʃɯu⁵⁵ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.11
Qiang (Mianchi)dʐù dʐuá ‘wring (kerchief)’[Source note] cf. ‘pinch’.Evans 99 Qiang: 2189
Qiang (Taoping)dʑyi³³la⁵⁵morpheme ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.9
Queyu (Xinlong)lɛ⁵⁵morphemetsɛ⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.13
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]nə³⁵tɕy³⁵ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.16
Xumitshu⁵³ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.17
Zhaba (Daofu County)a³³morphemetshɿ⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.14

3.3rGyalrongic2

Daofutshu v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.12
Ergong (Danba)vɕi ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.14

3.3.1rGyalrong1

rGyalrongkaprefix tsri ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.12

5Tujia3

Tujia (Southern)tɕiu̵¹³ ‘wring’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)tɕiu⁵⁵ ‘wring’Tian 86
Tujiatɕiu⁵⁵ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.38

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmesetsup ⪤ ʔtsup ⪤ tsip (HIGH);‘crumple / clench / squeeze into a ball’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 66
*Lolo-Burmesetsup ⪤ ʔtsup ⪤ tsip ‘crumple / clench / squeeze into a’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 66

6.1.1Burmish20

Achang (Longchuan)tshit⁵⁵ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.41
Achang (Luxi)tɕi⁵¹ ‘wring’Dai 85 AcJZ
Bola (Luxi)tʃa̱p⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.32
Burmese (Written)chup ‘clinch hand’Benedict 76 WBur
Langsu (Luxi)tʃa̱p⁵⁵ v‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.31
Langsu (Luxi)tʃa̱p⁵⁵ v.‘twist (a towel)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1533.31
Leqi (Luxi)tʃu̱ːp⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.33
Maru [Langsu]tʃa̱p⁵⁵ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃu̱p⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.30
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃu̱p⁵⁵ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.42

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish12

Lalotshi²¹ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Lalotɕhi̱² ‘pinch’Chen 86 CS: 168.
Liphotshɿ²¹ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Nasutshɯ⁵⁵ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Neisutshy⁵⁵ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Nesutshi²¹ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Nosutshi²¹ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Nusu (Central)tʂhɚ̱⁵³ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.34
Yi (Liangshan)ʦhi³³ ‘milk (squeeze teet)’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Weishan)tɕhy⁵⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.36
Yi (Wuding)tshɯ̱² v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.38
Yi (Xide)tshi³³ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.35

6.1.2.2Central Loloish18

Ahitshi²¹ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Jinuo (Youle)tshu⁴² ‘wring’Gai 86
Lahu (Black)chɨ̂ʔ ‘clench / crumple’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 325
Lahu (Black)chɨ̂ʔ (<*tsip) ‘crumple / clench / squeeze into a ball’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 66
Lisu (Northern)tshi³⁵ V‘squeeze’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisutshi³⁵ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.40
Lisu (Northern)tsɯ⁵⁵ V‘squeeze; nip’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]tshi²¹ ‘squeeze’Chen 86 CS: 126.
Yi (Sani)tshɤ³³ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.39

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish3

Akhatsu HS (*tsup) ‘crumple / clench / squeeze into a ball’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 66
Akhatsuˆ ‘clench / crumple’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 325
Hani (Shuikui)ʒɤ³¹morphemetsɛ⁵⁵ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.32

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish6

Azhaʦy̠⁴⁵ ‘press; fill in; squeeze in; stuff’Pelkey 11 Phula: 922
Southern Mujiȵi²¹morphemeʨʰɛ²¹ ‘squeeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 923
Hlepho Phowatʰə³³morphemeʨʰi²¹ ‘press; fill in; squeeze in; stuff’Pelkey 11 Phula: 922
Hlepho Phowaʦʰɯ²¹tə³³morpheme ‘squeeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 923
Phuzaʦʰi³³ ‘press; fill in; squeeze in; stuff’Pelkey 11 Phula: 922
Phuzaʦʰi⁵⁵kʰɯ⁵⁵morpheme ‘squeeze’Pelkey 11 Phula: 923

6.2Naxi2

Naxitʂhuɑ³³ v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.45

8Bai6

Bai (Jianchuan)tsue̱³³ v.‘twist (a towel)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1533.48
Bai (Jianchuan)tsue̱³³ (pɑ²¹morpheme) v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.48
Bai (Jianchuan)tsui⁴⁴ ‘wring (e.g. wet cloth)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 554.36
Bai (Jianchuan)tɕi̱³³ (pɑ̱²¹morpheme) v.‘squeeze (for milk)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1405.48
Bai (Jianchuan)tɕui̱²¹ v.‘kiss’Zhao 90: 3.9.5

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #86, *(t)sy(i/u)p ⪤ *(t)swap ‘SQUEEZE / WRING / CRUMPLE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/86
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: HPTB
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-86,
  title  = {{*(t)sy(i/u)p ⪤ *(t)swap 'SQUEEZE / WRING / CRUMPLE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #86},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/86}
}