STEDT
STEDT #350

*la

LEG / FOOT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlelainitiallrhymeacoverL · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*lə (~ *le?) ‘LEG’JS-HCST: 119

Connections

Notes

As mentioned above, a number of languages have forms with open syllables and initial l-, y-, or d- with the meaning ‘foot’. Although this might seem strange, it cannot be excluded that these etyma for hand and foot are somehow related. This is rather analogous to the situation with NOSE and EAR, which are reconstructed as *s-na and *r-na ⪤ *g-na, respectively.

The prefixal in Jingpho forms referring to the feet are assigned to this etymon, while similar referring to the hand are interpreted as deriving from #695 PTB *lak HAND/LIMB. This ambiguity is the result of the weakening of the rhyme in the prefixization process.

Reflexes & cognates181 reflexes · 13 subgroups

1NE Indian Areal Group8

Mijilai ‘leg / foot’Simon 79 Miji
Mijilai-cuŋmorpheme-kʰumorpheme ‘ankle’Simon 79 Miji
Mijilai-cuŋmorpheme-kʰumorpheme ‘heel, ankle’Simon 79 Miji
Mijilai-dɯbɯnmorpheme ‘calf of leg’Simon 79 Miji
Mijilai-gɯpʰiwmorpheme ‘knee’Simon 79 Miji
Mijilai-kʰumorpheme ‘sole of foot’Simon 79 Miji
Mijilai-mumorpheme-duluimorpheme ‘lame’Simon 79 Miji
Mijilai-ɟaŋmorpheme ‘leg, hand’Simon 79 Miji

1.1“North Assam”2

1.1.1Tani1

*Tani(~ le?) ‘leg’Sun J 93 HCST: 236

1.1.1.1Western Tani66

Apataniàprefix- ‘leg’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniaprefix-li ‘leg’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniaprefix-li rhyme! ‘leg’Sun J 93 HCST
Apataniaprefix-li-čʰamorpheme ‘lame’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanili-čʰimorpheme ‘hind leg(left~)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanili-piʔmorpheme ‘hind leg’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani-gemorpheme ‘back of knee’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani-grumorpheme ‘side of foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani-prjomorpheme ‘foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani-prjũmorpheme ‘web (on duck's foot)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani-morpheme ‘wash (leg)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani-pɯʔmorpheme ‘leg (hind leg)’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani¹lɯ²siŋmorpheme(¹) ‘calf (leg)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 546
Bengni-čumorpheme ‘foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-čiŋmorpheme tuŋmorpheme ‘ball of foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-čumorpheme aprefix-wuːmorpheme ‘back of foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-čumorpheme kumorpheme-roːmorpheme ‘sole (of foot)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-fuːmorpheme binmorpheme ‘get a cramp (in the leg)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-gapmorpheme ‘back of knee’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-paːmorpheme ‘leg’Sun J 93 HCST
Bengni-paːmorpheme ‘leg and foot, lower limb’Sun J 93 Tani
Bengni-timorpheme binmorpheme ‘get a cramp (in the leg)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokaraprefix- ‘leg’Sun J 93 HCST
Bokar pjomorpheme nbp‘foot’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0103.24
Bokar-čəŋmorpheme mimorpheme-tukmorpheme ‘tip of foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar-lammorpheme ‘foot (of bird)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar-piomorpheme ‘foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar-morpheme ‘calf (of leg)’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokar Lhobap jomorpheme ‘foot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 263.51
Bokar Lhobapiomorpheme ‘foot’Sun H 80 MLD
Bokar Lhobamorpheme ‘leg’Sun H 80 MLD
Galo`aprefix n.‘foot’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`aprefix n.‘leg’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ləbokmorpheme n.‘foot-and-mouth disease’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`lədekmorpheme n.‘crack (leg)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ləgokmorpheme n.‘crack in the foot’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ləgokmorpheme n.‘foot crack’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ləpeemorpheme n.‘cramp (leg)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ləpeemorpheme adj.‘cramped (leg)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`lətammorpheme n.‘sole (of foot)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ləmorpheme n.‘calf (of leg)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`lətɨkmorpheme n.‘foot (of mountain)’GLDC 09 Galo
Galoaprefix ‘leg’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoˋlɤmorpheme ‘calf (leg)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 546
Miri, Hillaprefixle ‘foot’Simon 76 Miri
Miri, Hill-pamorpheme ‘leg’Simon 76 Miri
Miri, Hill-morpheme ‘calf of leg’Simon 76 Miri
Nishingaprefixle ‘leg’Das Gupta 69 Daf
Nishingaprefix ‘leg’Das Gupta 69 Daf
Tagincumorpheme ‘foot’Das Gupta 83 Tag
Taginpamorpheme ‘leg’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani24

Padam [Abor]aprefix- ‘leg’Sun J 93 HCST
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aprefix-le ‘leg; foot’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-ânmorpheme ‘Achilles tendon’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-morpheme morpheme-imorpheme ‘little toe’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-kitmorpheme ‘ankle-bone’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-muikmorpheme ‘joints of toe’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-piomorpheme ‘foot’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-pukmorpheme ‘hoof’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-pummorpheme ‘calf’Matisoff 87 BP
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-tikmorpheme ‘hind leg; leg of men’Matisoff 87 BP
Damu-piukmorpheme ‘hoof’Sun J 93 Tani
Damu-ɕənmorpheme ‘calf (of leg)’Sun J 93 Tani
Damuʔaprefix-lɯː ‘foot’Sun J 93 Tani
Mishing [Miri]aprefix-le ‘leg’Sun J 93 HCST

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang8

Phomla ‘leg, foot’French 83: 511
Phomla šəʔmorpheme ‘knee’French 83: 508
Phomlashühmorpheme ‘knee’Marrison 67 Naga
Phomlæ³³ ‘leg / foot’Burling 98 Phom
Phomlæ³³ʃɯʔ³³morpheme ‘knee’Burling 98 Phom

1.7.3.1Jingpho38

Jingpholahput#436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’MesorootsPLB *put ‘KNEE’Allofams1 #436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’1b #435 PTB *pu ‘KNEE’ ‘knee’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingpholă¹ phut³¹#436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’MesorootsPLB *put ‘KNEE’Allofams1 #436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’1b #435 PTB *pu ‘KNEE’ ‘knee’Liu 84
Jingpholagawmorpheme-lahtawmorpheme ‘ankle’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingpholagaw#5621 PTB *r-kwa(ŋ) ‘FOOT’labawpmorpheme ‘calf (of leg)’Marrison 67 Naga
Jingpho-hkremorpheme ‘ankle (back of)’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingpholəhpùt#436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’MesorootsPLB *put ‘KNEE’Allofams1 #436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’1b #435 PTB *pu ‘KNEE’ shəmyenmorpheme ‘knee cap’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphogaw#5621 PTB *r-kwa(ŋ) ‘FOOT’ -sengmorpheme ‘tibia and fibula of leg’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphogawmorpheme numorpheme ‘big toe’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphohkàpmorpheme ‘hamstring’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphohpùt#436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’MesorootsPLB *put ‘KNEE’Allofams1 #436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’1b #435 PTB *pu ‘KNEE’ ‘knee’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphohtawmorpheme ‘leg just above ankles’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphophut#436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’MesorootsPLB *put ‘KNEE’Allofams1 #436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’1b #435 PTB *pu ‘KNEE’ ‘knee’LaPolla 87: 70
Jingphophut#436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’MesorootsPLB *put ‘KNEE’Allofams1 #436 PTB *put-s ⪤ *pit-s ‘KNEE’1b #435 PTB *pu ‘KNEE’ ‘knee’Coblin 86: 101
Jingpho¹lə¹khapmorpheme ‘knee (hollow)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1098

1.7.3.2Asakian6

Chairel ‘foot’Luce 85: K.51
Luimemorpheme-la ‘foot’Matisoff 87 BP
Luinamorpheme-la ‘foot’Matisoff 87 BP
Luitamorpheme-ka ‘foot’Matisoff 87 BP
Luimorpheme-ha ‘foot’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.2Bodic6

Tshona (Wenlang)li³⁵ min⁵⁵morpheme ‘foot’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)le¹³ dum¹³morpheme ‘leg’Sun H 80 MLD
Tshona (Mama)le¹³ mɛʔ⁵³morpheme ‘foot’Sun H 80 MLD
Tshona (Mama)le¹³mɛʔ⁵³morpheme ‘foot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 263.6
Tshona (Mama)li¹³ min⁵⁵morpheme ‘paw, foot of animal’Sun H 80 MLD
Cuona Menbale³⁵mɛʔ⁵³morpheme nbp‘foot’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0103.06

2.3.4Western Kiranti7

Bahingkhymorphemeli ‘foot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 73
Hayule ‘foot’Matisoff 87 BP
Sunwardimmorpheme-lāː ‘foot’Matisoff 87 BP
Sunwardimmorphemela ‘foot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 72
Sunwardimmorphemela ‘foot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 75
Sunwardimmorphemelaː ‘foot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang2

Chepangla n2.‘foot (Hodgson)’Caughley 00 Chepang

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #350, *la ‘LEG / FOOT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/350
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-350,
  title  = {{*la 'LEG / FOOT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #350},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/350}
}