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STEDT #164

*d-puːk

BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handles/ʔ/d-initialprhymeuːkcoverP · T

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*puk ‘HEART’JS-HCST: 57
Tani*pɯk ‘CAVE’
Central Naga (Ao Group)*puk ‘STOMACH, BELLY’PCN #261
Tangkhulic*buk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’DRM#568

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*puːk ‘belly / cave’pp. 358, 359, 360, 362

Notes

The dental prefix is attested in Ao, Lepcha, and rGyalrong. The Chepang, Magar, and Maru forms show preemption of the initial by this prefix.

Limbu appears to show an s- prefix in this root, but this is apparently a reduction of the full syllable sap, of still undetermined meaning.

Chinese comparandum

腹 OC *pi̯ôk, GSR #1034h ‘belly’; B & S 2011: *puk {p(r)uk}; Mand. fù.
𥨍; ‘cave’.

Reflexes & cognates249 reflexes · 34 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)2

*Sino-Tibetanpuk~buk ‘cave’Chou 72: 1034l
*Sino-Tibetanpuːk~buːk ‘cave’Chou 72: 1034l

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)13

*Tibeto-Burmanbuk ‘cave / cavity / belly’Coblin 86: 53
*Tibeto-Burmand-bwak ‘belly-stomach’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1b-(b)
*Tibeto-Burmand-puk (?) ‘belly-stomach’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1b-(c)
*Tibeto-Burmanpuːk ‘belly / cave’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 607
*Tibeto-Burmanpuːk ‘cave / belly’Benedict 72 STC: 358
*Tibeto-Burmanpuːk ‘cave / cavity / belly’Coblin 86: 53
*Tibeto-Burmanpuːk~buk ‘cave / belly’Chou 72: 1034l
*Tibeto-Burmans-buːk [S ‘belly-stomach’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1a-(b)
*Tibeto-Burmans-puːk [S ‘belly / stomach’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1a-(a)

1.1.1.1Western Tani28

Bengnihaː#6201 PTani *haŋ ‘HEART’-pu təːmorpheme-bumorpheme ‘generous, lenient’Sun J 93 Tani
Galo`ɨlɨɨmorpheme-`aamorpheme◦puk adj.‘obdurate’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ɨlɨɨmorpheme-`aamorpheme◦puk adj.‘obstinate’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ɨlɨɨmorpheme-`aamorpheme◦puk adj.‘stubborn’GLDC 09 Galo
Galo`ɨlɨɨmorpheme-`aamorpheme◦puk adj.‘unresponsive’GLDC 09 Galo
Taginaprefix◦puk ‘heart’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.2Deng1

Kaman [Miju]pʻᴜ̀-kɔ́ ‘belly’Weidert 87 TBTo: 676

1.2.1.1Northern Chin1

Tiddimtǒlmorpheme◦bɔ́ɔk ‘goiter’Matisoff 87 BP

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1

Ashopük ‘belly’Benedict 72 STC: 358

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)30

*Central Nagapuk ‘STOMACH, BELLY’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.261
*Aotprefix-puk ‘BELLY’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.011
Ao (Chungli)pok◦shimorpheme n‘diarrhea’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)pok◦zümorpheme◦temmorpheme ‘bladder’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)ta³prefixpuk³ n.‘hole’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Ao (Chungli)tepok ‘belly’Coblin 86: 53
Ao (Chungli)tə³prefix-puk³ n.‘stomach, belly’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.011
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)phuk◦senmorpheme n‘diarrhea’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)pok◦sakmorpheme ‘bladder’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-tʃha#735 PTB *sya ‘WING’MesorootsPCN *a-tʃha ‘WING’Allofams20a #735 PTB *sya ‘WING’20b #737 PTB *s/k-la ‘ARM / HAND / WING’-pùk n.‘armpit ('wing' + STOMACH)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]-puk làŋmorpheme n.‘abdomen, belly (STOMACH + 'bottom')’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]-puk làŋmorpheme n.‘stomach (the visceral organ)’Coupe 07 Ao
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)tʃaŋ#336 PTB *r-k(y)aŋ ‘FOOT / LEG’MesorootsPKar *khaŋᴮ ‘LEG’Allofams1a #336 PTB *r-k(y)aŋ ‘FOOT / LEG’1b #338 PTB *r-kya-ŋ ‘FOOT’-pùk n.‘sole of foot ('foot' + STOMACH)’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagao¹prefix-pok² n.‘stomach (internal organ)’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.261
Lotha Nagaoprefix◦pok ‘belly’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrübuk◦ningmorpheme-buk ‘abdomen, stomach’Kumar 73 Yim: 69

1.3.4Tangkhulic9

*Tangkhulicbuk ‘belly / stomach’Mortensen 12 Tk: 568
Huishuʔaprefix-wuʔ ‘belly (exterior); abdomen’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.111
Kachaiwuk ‘belly, stomach’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.274
Tangkhulwuk ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP
Tangkhulwuk ‘belly-stomach’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1c
Tusomʔɯmorpheme-pu ‘belly’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.148
Ukhrulaprefix-vuk ‘belly’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.5Mikir [Karbi]9

Mikir [Karbi]pok ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP
Mikir [Karbi]pók ‘belly / abdomen’Grüssner 79 BP: 133
Mikir [Karbi]pók-thápmorpheme ‘belly / abdomen’Grüssner 79 BP: 133
Mikir [Karbi]pok◦thapmorpheme ‘stomach’Matisoff 87 BP

1.7.1Bodo-Garo1

*Bodo-Garobi(ʔ)prefix-buk ‘guts’Burling 59 PBo: 441

1.7.1.2Garo5

Garobiprefix◦bik ‘intestines’Weidert 87 TBTo: 965
Garook ‘belly-stomach’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1c
Garo (Bangladesh)biprefix-bik ‘intestines, inner edge of bamboo (opposite to green "back" edge)’Burling 92 GaBa
Garo (Bangladesh)biprefix-bik n‘intestines’Burling 03 Garo: 6.27-II:idx
Garo (Bangladesh)bik-chrapmorpheme ‘membrane of intestine’Burling 92 GaBa

1.7.1.3Koch3

Atongbiʔprefix-buk ‘intestines / bowels’Matisoff 87 BP
Atongpimorpheme◦puk n‘belly, intestines, bowels, stomach’van Breugel 08 Atong
Atongpuk◦tyngmorpheme n‘small intestine’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang1

Wanchopuk ‘intestines / bowels’Matisoff 87 BP

1.7.3.2Asakian3

Kadupouk ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP
Luiphuk ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP
Luipuk ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.1Western Himalayish2

Pattani [Manchati]pʰug◦tʃamorpheme ‘hole’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

2.1.2.1Tibetan20

Tibetan (Batang)phuʔ⁵³ v.‘chisel / bore (a hole)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1777.03
Tibetan (Written)bug ‘hole, aperture’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)bug-pasuffix ‘hole’Coblin 86: 53
Tibetan (Written)p'ug(s) ‘innermost part’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1a-(a)
Tibetan (Written)phug(s) ‘innermost part’Benedict 72 STC: 358
Tibetan (Written)phug(s) ‘innermost part’Coblin 86: 53
Tibetan (Written)phug-pasuffix ‘cavern’Benedict 72 STC: 358
Tibetan (Written)phug◦pamorpheme ‘cave’Marrison 67 Naga
Tibetan (Written)ɦbug ‘punch a hole / perforate’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1215.01
Tibetan (Written)ɦbug v.‘chisel / bore (a hole)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1777.01

2.1.3Lepcha9

Lepchabăk ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchabǎk-kumorpheme ‘navel’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchată-băk ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchata-bǎk-kumorpheme ‘navel’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchată-fŭk ‘abdomen / belly’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchatăbak ⪤ tăbok ‘belly’Benedict 72 STC: 358
Lepchatăbak~tăbok~tăfuk ‘belly-stomach’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1b-(b)
Lepchatăfuk ‘belly’Benedict 72 STC: 358

2.3Kiranti1

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti16

Limbuphuk◦komorpheme ‘cave’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbusapmorpheme◦pok ‘belly’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbusapmorpheme◦poːk ‘belly’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 15
Limbusapmorpheme◦poːk ‘belly’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 4
Limbusāprefix◦po-k ‘stomach’Matisoff 87 BP
Limbusəmorpheme◦pok ‘belly’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1a-(a)
Limbusəmorpheme◦pok ⪤ səmorpheme◦pu ‘belly’Benedict 72 STC: 358
Limbusəmorpheme◦pu ‘belly’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 2a(a)
Yakhaphok ‘stomach’Kohn 90: 9.10
Yakhaphok◦su#526 PTB *(t)sum ‘NAVEL’◦kəliːkmorpheme ‘navel’Kohn 90: 5.7.1
Yakhaphoːk ‘belly / abdomen (outer bulge)’Kohn 90: 5.7
Yakhaɔprefix◦phɔk camorpheme◦ci#48 PTB *tsil ‘FAT (n.) / GREASE / OIL’◦bɔːkmorpheme ‘fat around intestines / omentum’Kohn 90: 8.3.1
Yakhaɔmorpheme◦phɔk◦suglikmorpheme ‘umbilical cord’Kohn 90: 10.4.12

2.3.2Southern Kiranti7

Bantawabuk ‘stomach’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawabuk ‘belly / stomach’Rai 84 BnDc: 11
Bantawabuk-thokmorpheme ‘intestines’Rai 84 BnDc: 11
Bantawachamorpheme◦buk◦lamorpheme ‘cave for dead infants' cremation’Rai 85 BnDs

3.3.1rGyalrong41

rGyalrong (Lixian Ganbao)'kʰamorpheme◦pok̚ ‘hole’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1580
Caodengkɐprefix-səmorpheme-spɔʔ ‘drill (hole)’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengkəmorpheme-spɔʔ ‘hole (small)’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Xiaojin Jiesi)kʰemorpheme◦'pok̚ ‘hole’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1580
rGyalrongpog◦~◦phog ‘guts’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1a-(a)
rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix pok tʃhumorpheme n‘navel’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0097.11
rGyalrongtə pok ‘belly / abdomen’Dai 89 Jiar: 5.7
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Munashan)təprefix ˊbok tɕɔˀmorpheme ‘navel’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0128
Caodengtəprefix-pó-kʰjamorpheme ‘navel’Sun J 97 Cao
Caodengtə-po ‘belly’Sun J 97 Cao
rGyalrong (Eastern)təpok ‘belly / abdomen (outer bulge)’Sun H 91 rEQ: 5.7
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi)wu35morpheme'pok̚5tɕɑ53morpheme ‘navel’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0128
rGyalrong (Ganzi Danba Badi Qiongshan)ŋəmorpheme ˊpɔk tʃɔˀmorpheme ‘navel’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0128
rGyalrongpok chumorpheme ‘belly button’Nagano 97 GyQ: 5.7.1
rGyalrongtA vok kumorpheme tsumorpheme ‘belly’Nagano 97 GyQ: 5.7
rGBenzhentəprefix-pok tʃʰuʔmorpheme ‘navel’Sun J 97 rGB
rGBenzhentə-vok kəmorpheme-roʔmorpheme ‘growl (belly)’Sun J 97 rGB
rGBenzhentə-wɔk ‘belly’Sun J 97 rGB

6.1.1Burmish9

Burmese (Rangoon)ɑ⁵³prefixpɑuʔ⁴ n‘cave / hole’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0029.27
Burmese (Written)aprefix◦pok ‘hole’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)wàmmorpheme-puik ‘outside of belly’Benedict 72 STC: 358
Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixpɔk⁴ n‘cave / hole’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0029.26
Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefix◦pɔk ‘hole’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 34.39
Burmese (Written)əprefix-pok ‘hole, opening; a drop’Benedict 76 WBur

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)pi̯ôk/pi̯uk ‘belly’Chou 72: 1034h

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #164, *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/164
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#358
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-164,
  title  = {{*d-puːk 'BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #164},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/164}
}