Shape, Size, Color, Measure, Number, Time, Space › Shape/Size › Verbs referring to size/shape

STEDT #690

*s-lum

ROUND

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlelumprefixsinitiallrhymeumcoverL · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*lum ‘ROUND (GLOBULAR)’JS-HCST: 173

Kuki-Chin*hluum ‘ROUND’PKC #1118

Connections

Allofams

2 #5731 *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’
2a #690 *s-lum ‘ROUND’
2b #1427 *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’
2c #1381 *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’

HPTB*zlum ‘round’pp. 78, 272

Notes

In Qiangic and Burmish languages, this morpheme appears as a final element in compounds for HEAD. These cases are to be distinguished from reflexes of the independent root #1221 *k-lu.

Reflexes & cognates95 reflexes · 20 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)6

*Tibeto-Burmans-lum v.i.‘round’Weidert 87 TBTo: 297

*Tibeto-Burmans-lum ‘round’Benedict 72 STC: 143

*Tibeto-Burmans-lum=*zlum ‘round’LaPolla 87: 142

*Tibeto-Burmanzlum v.i.‘round’Weidert 87 TBTo: 297

*Tibeto-Burmanzlum ‘round’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 78, 272

*Tibeto-Burmanzlum ‘round’Benedict 72 STC: 42n136

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanilum ‘round (globular)’Sun J 93 HCST: 331

1.1.1.1Western Tani16

Apatanijaprefix-lã#1269 PTB *r-lu(ŋ/k) ‘STONE’PTani *lɯŋ ‘STONE’PKC *luŋ ‘STONE / ROCK’PCN *luŋ ‘STONE, ROCK’PTk *luŋ ‘STONE’PBG *loʔŋ-tai ‘STONE’PNN *C̥-luŋ ‘STONE’TGTM *ᴮʰjuŋ ‘STONE’PKir *ʔluŋ ‘STONE’PLB *k-lok ⪤ *k-loŋ ‘STONE’PL *k-lokᴸ ‘STONE’PKar *loŋᴮ ‘STONE, ROCK’ lum-pɯ#164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’MesorootsPTani *puk ‘HEART’PTani *pɯk ‘CAVE’PCN *puk ‘STOMACH, BELLY’PTk *buk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ ‘cave’Sun J 93 HCST

Apatanijaprefix-lã#1269 PTB *r-lu(ŋ/k) ‘STONE’PTani *lɯŋ ‘STONE’PKC *luŋ ‘STONE / ROCK’PCN *luŋ ‘STONE, ROCK’PTk *luŋ ‘STONE’PBG *loʔŋ-tai ‘STONE’PNN *C̥-luŋ ‘STONE’TGTM *ᴮʰjuŋ ‘STONE’PKir *ʔluŋ ‘STONE’PLB *k-lok ⪤ *k-loŋ ‘STONE’PL *k-lokᴸ ‘STONE’PKar *loŋᴮ ‘STONE, ROCK’ lum-pɯʔ#164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’MesorootsPTani *puk ‘HEART’PTani *pɯk ‘CAVE’PCN *puk ‘STOMACH, BELLY’PTk *buk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ ‘cave’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniaprefix-lum ‘round (globular)’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengniaprefix-lum ‘round (global)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniaprefix-pɯmorpheme aprefix-lum ‘round (global)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnilum ‘classifier (lump)’Sun J 93 Tani

Galo`aprefix◦lum n.‘clump’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`aprefix◦lum n.‘cluster’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`aprefix◦pəmorpheme-`liimorpheme◦lum adj.‘circular’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`aprefix◦pəmorpheme-`liimorpheme◦lum adj.‘globular’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`aprefix◦pəmorpheme-`liimorpheme◦lum adj.‘round’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`aprefix◦pəmorpheme-`liimorpheme◦lum adj.‘spherical’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`liimorpheme◦lum ace.‘round’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`lum- clfqr.‘Classifier for clusters’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`nəmɨɨmorpheme-`aprefix◦lum n.‘clump (of grass)’GLDC 09 Galo

Taginaprefix◦lam kargomorpheme pumcupmorpheme ‘round / spherical’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani1

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aprefix-lum ‘round (globular)’Sun J 93 HCST

1.2Kuki-Chin1

*Chinhluum VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

1.2.1.1Northern Chin4

Thadolûum-I, lùum-II ‘round (solid)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

Tiddimluːm¹ ‘shaped like cabbage’VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

Tiddimluːm¹ vi‘shaped like cabbage’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1031

Tiddimluːm¹ ‘shaped like cabbage’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin8

Chinbonḁprefix◦pəmorpheme◦ɬom ‘round’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 230

Cho (Mindat)mprefix-hlum v‘wind (thread) into a ball’VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

Daaipumorpheme◦lum ‘round’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 230

Khumiaprefix◦lueng ‘ball (of thread)’VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

Mkaangpumorpheme◦luni ‘round’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 230

Ngmüünḁprefix◦kumorpheme◦lum ‘round’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 230

Nyhmoyepumorpheme◦lum ‘round’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 230

Wakungtᵊprefix◦pumorpheme◦lu ‘round’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 230

1.2.2Central Chin5

Lai (Falam)hlúum-I, hlùm-II ‘round, circular’VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

Lai (Hakha)hlûum-I, hlǔum-I ‘round, circular’VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

Lushai [Mizo]hlum ‘ball’LaPolla 87: 142

Lushai [Mizo]hlum ‘ball’Benedict 72 STC: 143

Lushai [Mizo]hlǔum v‘wind into a ball’VanBik 09 PKC: 1118

Lyuzuzu̵³³morphemelu̵⁵³ n‘testicle’Cf. Lyuzu nbo³³ly⁵³ ‘kidney’. Both lu̵⁵³ and ly⁵³ are probably < *lum.Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0117.18

Muyaʁɐ̱⁵³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’lø³³ n‘head’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0074.15

Muya [Minyak]tɯ⁵³prefixkɯ⁵³#2123 PTB *k(w)a ‘STOMACH’lø⁵³ ‘stomach’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 9.10

Muya [Minyak]ʁɐ³⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’lø³³ ‘head’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 2.1

Namuyiʁo⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’əʴ⁵⁵morphemely³³ ‘head’Sun H 91 NamQ: 2.1

Namuyiʁuo⁵³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’əʴ³¹morpheme ( lu̵³¹ ) n‘head’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0074.46

Xumiʁo³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ ɬo³⁵ ‘head’Sun H 91 ShiQ

Xumiʁᴜ³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’qhᴜ³³#386 PTB *m/s-gaw ‘HEAD’PCN *ku ‘HEAD’PTk *kow ‘HEAD’lu⁵³ n‘head’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0074.17

Zhaba (Daofu County)gu³³#386 PTB *m/s-gaw ‘HEAD’PCN *ku ‘HEAD’PTk *kow ‘HEAD’po⁵⁵morphemelo³³ n‘head’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0074.14

4Nungic4

Trung [Dulong]ɑŋ³¹prefixkɯ³¹morphemelɯ̆m⁵⁵ ‘round’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 807.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)aŋ³¹prefix kɯ³¹morpheme lɯm⁵⁵ ‘round’LaPolla 87: 142

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)dɯ³¹morpheme lɯm⁵⁵ ‘round’LaPolla 87: 142

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)dɯ³¹morphemelɯm⁵⁵ ‘round’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish19

Bolau̱³⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ lam³¹ ‘head’Dai 89 Bola: 96

Burmese (Written)bhɔ³morphemeluṁ³ ‘ball’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 501.39

Burmese (Written)hlum ‘ball’Benedict 72 STC: 143

Burmese (Written)lùm v.i.‘round’Weidert 87 TBTo: 297

Burmese (Written)lûm ‘round’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 252

Burmese (Written)lûṁ ‘round, globular’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)lùm ‘round’LaPolla 87: 142

Burmese (Written)lùm ‘round, globular’Benedict 72 STC: 143

Burmese (Written)luṁ: adj‘round’Marrison 67 Naga

Langsu (Luxi)au³⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’lam³⁵ n‘head’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0074.31

Lashiwo̱⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ lɔ̱m⁵³ ‘head’Dai 89 Lash: 2.1

Leqi (Luxi)wo̱⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’lɔ̱m⁵³ n‘head’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0074.33

Maru [Langsu]a̱u³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’lam³⁵ ‘head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 232.43

Maru [Langsu]au³⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ lam³⁵ ‘head’Dai 89 Lang: 2.1

Maru [Langsu]lām v.i.‘round’Weidert 87 TBTo: 297

Atsi [Zaiwa]lʔùm v.i.‘round’Weidert 87 TBTo: 297

Atsi [Zaiwa]u²¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ lu̱m²¹ ‘head’Xu 84 Zaiwa

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish1

Nusu (Bijiang)lɔ³⁵ ‘round’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 807.45

6.1.2.2Central Loloish8

Jinuoa³³prefixlɐ³⁵ ‘round’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 807.34

Jinuoa⁴⁴prefixlɤ³³lɤ³³ ‘circle / circular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0990.44

Jinuo (Youle)lə³³ ‘round’Gai 86

Lisulu³³ ‘circle / circular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0990.40

Lisu (Central)lu¹ ‘round (shaped)’Fraser 22

Lisu (Central)lu¹-lu¹-mu³morpheme ‘round (shaped)’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)lu⁵⁵lu⁵⁵za²¹morpheme V‘round’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisulu⁵⁵lu⁵⁵zɑ³¹morpheme ‘round’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 807.27

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish4

Hani (Caiyuan)lu³³ ‘round’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 807.30

Hani (Shuikui)tu³³morphemelu³³ ‘round’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 807.32

Hani (Mojiang)ɣu³³morphemelu³³sa³³morpheme ‘circle / circular’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0990.42

Silaa21prefix bɤ33morpheme lɤ33 ‘round’Kato 08 Lao: 238

6.2Naxi1

Naxi (Lijiang)kho³³#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’lo³³ ‘hole’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 34.28

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #690, *s-lum ‘ROUND’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/690

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-690,
  title  = {{*s-lum 'ROUND'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #690},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/690}
}