STEDT
STEDT #2102

*wu

BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY

Reconstruction analysis

handlewuinitialwrhymeucoverL · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Lolo-Burmese*wu ⪤ *ru ‘INTESTINE / KIDNEY’

Connections

HPTB (PLB)*wu¹ ‘intestines’p. 180

Notes

Many Loloish languages have slightly different forms for KIDNEY as opposed to STOMACH. For now, we are attributing this to an alternation at the PLB level between *wu and *ru, e.g. Ahi i³³ fu⁵⁵ zo²¹ ‘kidney’ (< *wu) vs. ɣo² ‘intestines’ (< *ru). Cf. the PLB reconstruction *rə-ʔu¹ (DL:1130).

Reflexes & cognates227 reflexes · 17 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakaprefixpɨ́ʔmorphemewvusamorpheme ‘intestines’Huziwara 08 Sak: 37-1

3.1Tangut4

Tangut [Xixia]vi̯u² ‘intestines (small)’Sofronov 97
Tangut [Xixia]wǐu ‘small intestine’Dai 89 Xixi: 9.11.2
Tangut [Xixia]wǐu dʑermorpheme ‘anus / rectum’Dai 89 Xixi: 9.12

3.2Qiangic17

Ersuvɛ⁵⁵ kɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘large intestine’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersuvɛ⁵⁵ tshi⁵⁵morpheme ‘small intestine’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersuvɛ⁵⁵ ȵo⁵⁵#2118 PTB *naŋ ‘INSIDE’ ‘intestines / bowels’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Lyuzuɣuo³³ȵu⁵³morpheme nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.18
Muyavə̱³³tɕha⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.15
Muya [Minyak]vɯ³³tɕha³⁵morpheme ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.15
Muya [Minyak]vɯ³³tɕʰa³⁵morpheme ‘intestines / bowels’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 9.11
Muya [Minyak]vɯ³³tɕʰa³⁵morphemembø⁵⁵morphemembø⁵⁵morpheme ‘large intestine’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 9.11.1
Muya [Minyak]vɯ³³tɕʰa³⁵morphemetsʰe³⁵morphemetsʰe⁵⁵morpheme ‘small intestine’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 9.11.2
Namuyivu³³ȵi⁵⁵morpheme ‘intestines / bowels’Sun H 91 NamQ: 9.11
Namuyivu³³ȵi⁵⁵morpheme ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.19
Namuyivu³³ȵi⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.46
Qiang (Mawo)stəmorphemeqʰua ‘stomach’Sun H 91 MawQ: 9.10
Qiang (Mawo)stəmorphemeʰuɑː ‘stomach’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Mawo)stəmorphemeχwɑ ‘stomach’Sun J 86 Mawo

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

6.1.1Burmish37

Achang (Lianghe)ɑ³¹prefix u⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)a³¹prefix u⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)a³¹prefixu⁵⁵ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.28
Achang (Longchuan)a³¹prefixu⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.41
Achang (Luxi)a³¹prefix u³⁵ ‘intestines’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)a³¹prefix u⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Dai 89 Xian: 178
Achang (Xiandao)a³¹prefixu⁵⁵ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.29
Bolau⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Dai 89 Bola: 178
Burmese (Written)u ‘intestines; pith of plant; pulpy part of fruit’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefix-u ‘intestines; pith of plant; pulpy part of fruit’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)ʔu ‘intestines / bowels’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)ʔəprefixʔu ‘intestines / bowels’Matisoff 87 BP
Hpun (Northern)ùshú(ʔ)morpheme ‘umbilical cord’Henderson 86 Hpun
Langsu (Luxi)prefixu³¹ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.31
Lashiu̱³³ ‘intestines / bowels’Dai 89 Lash: 9.11
Lashiu̱³³ kji:³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Dai 89 Lash: 9.11.1
Lashiu̱³³ tso³³morpheme ‘small intestine’Dai 89 Lash: 9.11.2
Marmau ‘intestines’Huziwara 08 Sak: 37-1
Marmaəθémorpheme.u ‘intestines’Huziwara 08 Sak: 37
Maru [Langsu]prefixu³¹ ‘intestines / bowels’Dai 89 Lang: 9.11
Maru [Langsu]prefixu³¹ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]u⁵¹ ‘intestines’Xu 84 Zaiwa
Atsi [Zaiwa]u⁵¹ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.42

6.1.2Loloish4

*Loloishʔu¹ ‘intestine’Bradley 79 PLo: 146
Lolophov̩³³ go̱³¹morpheme ‘intestines / bowels’Dai 89 Lolo: 9.11
Lolophov̩³³ mo³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Dai 89 Lolo: 9.11.1
Lolophov̩³³ ʐo³¹morpheme ‘small intestine’Dai 89 Lolo: 9.11.2

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish60

Gazhuov³²³mɤ³³morpheme nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.47
Gazhuov̩³¹mɤ³³ ‘intestines’Mu 03 Gazhuo
Gazhuov³¹mɤ³³morphemezɑ³¹morpheme ‘small intestine’Mu 03 Gazhuo
Gazhuov³¹mɤ³³morphemeɣɤ²⁴morpheme ‘large intestine’Mu 03 Gazhuo
Lalohìqmorpheme- ‘intestines’Björverud 94
Lalovu̪⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Liphovu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Liphovu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11
Nasuɣu²¹ ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Nasuɣu²¹ ‘intestines / bowels’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11
Nasuɣu²¹ mo̱²¹morpheme ‘large intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.1
Nasuɣu²¹ na̱²¹morpheme ‘large intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.1
Nasuɣu²¹ tɤ³³morpheme ‘appendix’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.3
Nasuɣu²¹ zo³³morpheme ‘small intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.2
Nasuɣu³³ ne³³morpheme ‘small intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.2
Nasuɯ³³ ‘kidney’Chen 86 Yi: 9.6
Neisuɣu²¹ ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Nesuvu²¹ ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Nesuvu²¹ ‘intestines / bowels’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11
Nesuvu²¹ mer³³morpheme mo²¹morpheme ‘large intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.1
Nesuvu²¹ tʂʰer⁵⁵morpheme ler⁵⁵morpheme ‘small intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.2
Nesuɣ³³ zo³³morpheme ‘kidney’Chen 86 Yi: 9.6
Nosuvu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Nosuvu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11
Nosuvu³³n̥i³³morpheme ‘small intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.2
Nosuvu⁴⁴no̱³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.1
Nusu (Central)u³³ ‘intestines’Dai 89 NusB: 178.
Nusu (Central)u³⁵ ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘intestines’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)u³⁵ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.45
Nusu (Southern)u⁵⁵ tʰɛ³¹morpheme ‘kidney’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)ɣɯ⁵⁵ tʰɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘kidney’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)ɣɯ⁵⁵ tʰə̃ɹ³¹morpheme ‘kidney’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)ɦu³¹ ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘intestines’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)ɦu³⁵ ‘intestines’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)vu²¹ ‘intestines’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Dafang)vu²¹ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.22
Yi (Liangshan)vu³³ ‘intestine’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)vu³³n̥i³³morpheme ‘intestine, small’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)vu³³ʨɿ⁵⁵morpheme ‘intestines, braided sheep’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Liangshan)vu³⁴nɔ³³morpheme ‘intestine, large’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Mile)ɣo³³mᴀ³³morpheme ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.25
Yi (Mojiang)vu²¹ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.26
Yi (Nanhua)vu³³ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.24
Yi (Nanjian)ni̱²¹morpheme vu⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)ni̱²¹morphemevu²¹ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.23
Yi (Weishan)hi²¹morphemevu̪⁵⁵ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.36
Yi (Wuding)ɤv̩¹¹ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.38
Yi (Xide)o³³ ‘kidney’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)vu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)vu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)vu³³ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.21
Yi (Xide)vu³⁴-dʑᴇ³³morpheme ‘appendix’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)vu³⁴-nɔ³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish58

Ahii³³morpheme fu⁵⁵ zo²¹morpheme ‘kidney’Luo 90: 9.6
Ahiɣo² ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Ahiɣo²² bu²¹morpheme tsʻɑ²²morpheme ‘fat around intestines / omentum’Luo 90: 8.3.1
Ahiɣo²² ni²¹morpheme zo²¹morpheme ‘appendix’Luo 90: 9.11.3
Ahiɣo²² zo²¹morpheme ‘small intestine’Luo 90: 9.11.2
Ahiɣo²² ɣɑ²¹morpheme ‘large intestine’Luo 90: 9.11.1
Ahiɣo²²ma³³morphemebi²¹morphemeta̱²¹morphememo³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.1
Ahiɣo²²zo²¹morpheme ‘small intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.2
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)a³³prefix vu⁴⁴ ‘intestines’Dai 89 JinA: 184
Jinuo (Baka)a³³prefix v̩⁴⁴ ‘intestines’Dai 89 JinB: 184
Jinuoa³³prefixvu⁴⁴ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.44
Jinuo (Buyuan)ɑ³³prefix vu³¹ ‘intestines’Gai 86
Jinuo (Youle)ɑ³³prefix vu⁴⁴ ‘intestines’Gai 86
Jinuoɑ³³prefixvu³³ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.34
Jinuo (Buyuan)ɑ³³prefixvu³¹ n‘intestines’Gai 86
Kuconga31prefix v31 ‘intestine’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahu (Shehleh)aw˯prefixvu˯tehˆmorpheme ‘intestine’Bradley 79 Lahu: 146
*Common Lahug'u˯ ‘intestine’Bradley 79 PLo
Lahu (Lancang)ɔ³¹prefixɣu³¹tɛ⁵⁴morpheme nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.43
Lahu (Black)ɔ̀prefix-ɣù-tɛ̂ʔmorpheme ‘intestines / bowels’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ ɣu³¹ tɛʔ⁵⁴morpheme ‘intestines’Chang 86
Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹prefixɣu³¹ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.33
Lahu (Yellow)ɔ³¹prefix ʔu³¹ ‘intestines’Chang 86
Lahu (Bakeo)aw˯prefixg'u˯ ‘intestine’Bradley 79 Lahu: 146
Lahu (Banlan)aw˯prefixg'u˯ ‘intestine’Bradley 79 Lahu: 146
Lisu (Northern)hwa²¹morphemevu⁴⁴ ‘animal intestine; intestine’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Nujiang)vu³³ ‘intestines’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisuvu³³ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.40
Lisuvu³³ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.27
Lisu (Nujiang)vu³³ nɛ̱⁴⁴morpheme ‘large intestines’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)vu⁴⁴ N‘intestine’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)vu⁴⁴næ³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)vu⁴⁴phu³³morpheme ‘small intestine’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuwu ‘intestines’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 2c
Lisuwu⁴ ‘intestine’Bradley 79 PLo: 146
Lisuwu⁴ ‘guts’Matisoff 87 BP
Sani [Nyi]vu²¹ʑɛ²¹morphememɒ³³morpheme ‘large intestines’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]vu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 86 CS: 41.
Sani [Nyi]vu³³ ‘intestines’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11
Sani [Nyi]vu³³ ‘intestines’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]vu³³mɑ³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.1
Sani [Nyi]vu³³zɑ²¹morpheme ‘small intestine’Chen 86 Yi: 9.11.2
Sani [Nyi]vu³³zɒ²¹morpheme ‘small intsetines’Wu 84
Yi (Sani)v̩³³ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.39
Sani [Nyi]v̩³³ mɑ³³morpheme ‘large intestine’Ma 89 SanQ: 314.3
Sani [Nyi]v̩³³ zɑ¹¹morpheme ‘small intestine’Ma 89 SanQ: 314.4
Sani [Nyi]xɯ⁵⁵ ‘kidney’Chen 86 Yi: 9.6
Sani [Nyi]xɯ⁵⁵ ‘kidney’Wu 84

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish23

Akhabawmorpheme ‘intestines / bowels’Matisoff 87 BP
Hani (Dazhai)u⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Dazhai)u⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.31
Hani (Caiyuan)ɔ³¹prefix v̩⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Caiyuan)ɔ³¹prefixv̩⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.30
Hani (Gelanghe)bɔ³³morpheme u⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)ɔ³¹prefix v̩⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)ɔ³¹prefixv̩⁵⁵ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.32
Hani (Mojiang)ɔ³¹prefixv̩⁵⁵ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.42
Mpiʔɑ²prefix-ʔu⁶ ‘intestines’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 91
Mpiʔɑ²prefixʔu⁶ ‘intestine’Bradley 79 PLo
Mpiʔɑ²prefixʔu⁶ ‘intestines’Srinuan 76
Pyenʔaŋ33morpheme ʔu45 ‘intestines’Shintani 09 Pyen: 131155

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5

Azhai³³prefixɣɞ²¹ ‘intestines’Pelkey 11 Phula: 314
Pholaɣu̠²³tɛ̠²³morpheme ‘intestines’Pelkey 11 Phula: 314
Hlepho Phowaɣo²¹ ‘intestines’Pelkey 11 Phula: 314
Phu Khai³³morpheme wu³¹ ‘intestine’Fried 00 PhuKha
Phuzaɛ³³morphemevɯ³¹ ‘intestines’Pelkey 11 Phula: 314

6.2Naxi8

Laze (Xiangjiao)hɑ˩mie˩morpheme ‘belly, abdomen’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 338
Laze (Xiangjiao)nɑ˥morpheme ‘intestine’[Source note] phonetically, vɔ.nɑMichaud 06 NaLaze: 453
Laze (Xiangjiao)ɬie˧morpheme ‘dried meat preserved in intestines’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 811
Na (Yongning)hu˧mi˥$ ‘stomach’morphemeMichaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Eastern)xo¹³mi³³morpheme ‘stomach’He 85
Naxi (Western)xu⁵⁵ ‘stomach’He 85
Naxixu⁵⁵ nbp‘stomach’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0148.45

8Bai3

Bai (Dali)vu̱⁴² ‘stomach’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Jianchuan)vu̱⁴² ‘stomach’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Jianchuan)vu̱⁴² ‘stomach’Zhao 90: 9.10

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2102, *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2102
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: VSTB 124; DL 1130 *rə-ʔu¹
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-2102,
  title  = {{*wu 'BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2102},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2102}
}