The Body › Internal Organs › Liver

STEDT #1390

*m-sin

LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlesinprefixminitialsrhymeincoverS · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*zin ‘LIVER’JS-HCST: 58

Kuki-Chin*thin ‘LIVER’PKC #397

Central Naga (Ao Group)*m-sən ‘LIVER’PCN #172

Tangkhulic*tʰin ‘LIVER’DRM#466; cf. #6758 BILE

Northern Naga/Konyakian*C̬-sin ‘LIVER’

Lolo-Burmese*sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’

Loloish*sin² ‘LIVER’

Karenic*swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’TL#173

Connections

HPTB*m-sin ‘liver / bitter’pp. 31, 33, 34, 56, 64, 119, 124, 134, 141, 154, 277, 291, 296, 306, 475

HPTB*sin ‘body / owner / agentive nominalizer’pp. 278, 306, 449

Chinese comparandum

辛 OC *si̯ĕn, GSR #382a-f ‘pungent, bitter; painful’; Coblin 86:44 ST *msyin > OC *sjin; Schuessler 2007:538 *sin; B & S 2011: *sin {[s]i[n]}; Mand. xīn.

Reflexes & cognates519 reflexes · 45 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanmsyin ‘bitter / liver’Coblin 86: 44

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)12

*Tibeto-Burmanin ‘liver / bile / bitter’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1)

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver’Chou 72: 382a-f

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 440

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver / bitter’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 613

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver / bile / bitter’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1)

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin ‘liver’French 83: 515

*Tibeto-Burmanm-sin (*B) ‘bitter / liver’Coblin 86: 44

*Tibeto-Burmansin-wap#457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’MesorootsPKC *tsuap ‘LUNG’Allofams1a #457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’1b #5481 PTB *p-wap ‘LUNG’1c #5482 PTB *s-wap ‘LUNG’1d #5738 PTB *s-map ‘LUNG’1e #2121 PTB *g-lwa-p ‘LUNG’ ‘lung’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1a

*Tibeto-Karensin ‘bitter’Chou 72: 382a-f

1NE Indian Areal Group1

Mijimɯ-tʰɯn ‘liver’Simon 79 Miji

1.1.1Tani1

*Tanizin ‘liver’Sun J 93 HCST: 243

1.1.1.1Western Tani19

Apatanipaprefix-hiŋ ‘liver’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanipaprefix-ĩ ‘liver’Sun J 93 HCST

Apatanipaprefix-ĩ ‘liver’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanipaprefix-jiŋ ‘liver’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatani¹paprefix◦²hiŋ(²) ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 590

Bengnišin ‘liver’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengnisin ‘liver’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarjin ‘liver’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokarjin ‘liver’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarjin nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.24

Bokar Lhobajin ‘liver’Sun H 80 MLD

Bokar Lhobajin ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.51

Galoaprefix◦hin n.‘liver’GLDC 09 Galo

Galoaprefix◦hin ‘liver’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galorok#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’◦sin n.‘chicken liver’GLDC 09 Galo

Galorok#1606 PTB *k-rak ‘FOWL / CHICKEN’PTani *rok ‘CHICKEN’◦sin n.‘liver (chicken)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galoˋaprefix◦sin ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 590

Miri, Hilleprefix◦sen ‘liver ?’Simon 76 Miri

Taginsen ‘liver’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani14

Padam [Abor]aprefix-in ‘liver’Sun J 93 HCST

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aprefix-in ‘liver’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1)

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aprefix-pi#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ (aprefix◦shé) ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP: JHL-AM p.255

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]aprefix-pi#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ (aprefix◦shi) ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP: JHL-AM p.255

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]apprefix-pio#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ (aprefix◦shi) ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP: JHL-AM p.255

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]apprefix-pio#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ (aprefix◦tshé) ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP: JHL-AM p.255

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]pui#6546 PTani *pɯ ‘GALL’-ingmorpheme (aprefix◦shi) ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP: JHL-AM p.255

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]pui#6546 PTani *pɯ ‘GALL’-ingmorpheme (aprefix◦tshé) ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP: JHL-AM p.255

Damuʔaprefix-jin ‘liver’Sun J 93 Tani

Milangaprefix◦han ‘liver’Tayeng 76 Mil

Mishing [Miri]aprefix-sin ‘liver’Sun J 93 HCST

Mishing [Miri]əprefix◦śin ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Mishing [Miri]əprefix◦śin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

Mishing [Miri]əprefix◦śin ‘liver’Coblin 86: 44

1.1.2Deng5

Iduhu ‘liver’Pulu 78

Iduhuŋ⁵³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 IduQ: 9.5

Iduhuŋ⁵³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.50

Iduiprefix◦mihũ ‘liver’Anonymous 62 Idu

Yiduhuŋ⁵³ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.25

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chinthin ‘LIVER’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Thanphumăˋprefixtʻiːn⁵ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

1.2.1.1Northern Chin9

Kuki-Chinthin ‘liver’Haokip 98: 9.5

Kuki-Chinthin◦buhmorpheme ‘gall bladder’Haokip 98: 9.5.2

Paitesin ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Sizangchin ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Thadothìn ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Tiddimsin³ ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Tiddimsin³ ‘liver’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1586

Tiddimsʻɪn⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Tiddimsʻɪn⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin15

Ashoaprefix◦tʻin ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Asho (Sandoway)anprefix tʻiɪn¹ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Chinbonm̩tʰiːn ‘liver’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 88

Cho (Mindat)m-sin ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Daaim̩tʰin ‘liver’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 88

Daaim̩tʰin ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Khumipthúeng ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Khumipᵊprefix◦tʰïn ‘liver’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 88

Khumi (Ahraing)pə̆prefix◦tʻəm⁵ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Matun̩tʰin ‘liver’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 88

Matupitʻiːn¹ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Ngmüünm̩šʰɨn ‘liver’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 88

Nyhmoyem̩lumorpheme.m̩tʰiːn ‘liver’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 88

Wakungmᵊtʰeⁱn ‘liver’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 88

Womatumˋsɯn² ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

1.2.2Central Chin14

Khualsimtʻɪn⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Lai (Hakha)thǐn ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Lai (Falam)thìn ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Lai (Hakha)tʻɪn² ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Lai (Hakha)tʻɪn² ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Lushai [Mizo]thìn ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 440

Lushai [Mizo]thin ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]thìn n‘liver, the heart’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Lushai [Mizo]thin ‘liver’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1586

Lushai [Mizo]thin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

Lushai [Mizo]thin ‘liver’Coblin 86: 44

Lushai [Mizo]thin-lung#1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’MesorootsPKC *luŋ ‘HEART / LIVER’PCN *m-luŋ ‘HEART / BE ROUND’PCN *ləm ‘HEAD / HEART / MIND’PTk *luŋ ‘HEART’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ ‘mind’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1a)

Lushai [Mizo]thin◦lung#1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’MesorootsPKC *luŋ ‘HEART / LIVER’PCN *m-luŋ ‘HEART / BE ROUND’PCN *ləm ‘HEAD / HEART / MIND’PTk *luŋ ‘HEART’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ ‘mind’Marrison 67 Naga

Lushai [Mizo]tʻɪn⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

1.2.3Maraic8

Lakher [Mara]paprefix-thī ‘liver’VanBik 09 PKC: 397

Lothvo (Hiranpi)pə̆prefix◦tsə⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Merapə̆⁵prefixtʻi⁵ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Tha'oatʻin² ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Tha'oatʻɪn² ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Xongsaitʻɪn² ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Zotungtʻĩ¹ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

Zotungtʻĩ⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: O.20

1.2.4“Old Kuki”3

Kom Reməprefix◦mətʰin ‘liver’Toba 91 KRQ: 9.5

Sorbungmətʰín ‘chest (=liver)’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.132

Sorbungmətʰín ‘liver’Mortensen 11 Sorbung: BodyParts.291

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)14

*Central Nagam-sən ‘LIVER’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.172

*Aotprefix-m-sən ‘LIVER’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.112

Ao (Chungli)teprefix◦mesen ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)teprefix◦mesen ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 118n327

Ao (Chungli)tə²prefix-mə³sən¹ n.‘liver’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.112

Ao (Chungli)²tɯprefix³mɯ¹sɯn ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 68

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)teprefix◦mesen ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-məsən n.‘liver’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagan̩¹-then³ n.‘liver’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.172

Lotha Nagantę ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 118n327

Lotha Naganten ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Lotha Naganthen ‘liver’Murry 78: 68

Lotha NagaNthen ‘liver’Nienu 90 LotQ: 9.5

Sangtammüsi ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group14

Angami Naga⁵u#18 PTB *ʔu ‘BODY / CORPSE’PTani *ɯ ‘BODY’⁴se ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 440

Angami (Khonoma)se ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Angami (Kohima)uprefix◦se ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Chokri(u)prefix sü⁵⁵ ‘liver’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 9.5

Chokri⁴uprefix⁵sɤ ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 440

Ntenyikeprefix◦meshen ‘mind’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyikeprefix◦meshen◦samorpheme v‘wish’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyikeprefix◦moshen◦samorpheme v‘desire’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyimeshen ‘think’Marrison 67 Naga

Ntenyimeshen ‘understand’Marrison 67 Naga

Rengma (Northern)²ma²tšẽ²ka#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’ ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Sema [Sumi]allomorpheme◦shi ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Sema [Sumi]amorpheme◦lo◦shi ‘liver’Achumi 98: 9.5

Sema [Sumi]¹aprefix¹ti#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’²thi ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

1.3.3Zeme Group2

Rongmei / Nruanghmeiməimorpheme thìn ‘liver’Matisoff 94 Rong

Zeme³mi#1002 PPC *r-mi(y)-n ‘PERSON / MAN’PTani *miː ‘MAN (homo)’PKC *mii ‘PERSON / MAN / PEOPLE’PCN *a-[h]məjʔ ‘PERSON, HUMAN’PTk *mi ‘MAN / HUMAN’PNN *C̥-məy ‘MAN (generic)’TGTM *ᴬmi ‘MAN’¹nprefix⁵ceu ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 440

1.3.4Tangkhulic10

*Tangkhulictʰin ‘liver’Mortensen 12 Tk: 466

Huishuʔamorpheme-məmorpheme-tʰɐn ‘liver’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.131

Kachaiʔamorpheme-məmorpheme-tʰɐn ‘liver’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.264

Tangkhulaprefix◦mamorpheme◦thin ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Tangkhulāprefix◦thi ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Tangkhulāprefix◦thi ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Tangkhulkhaprefix◦rok#489 PTB *k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k-rwa(k/ŋ) ‘THROAT’PTk *rok ‘THROAT / LARYNX / VOICE’ āmamorpheme◦thin ‘uvula ("throat-liver")’Matisoff 87 BP

Tangkhul¹əprefix◦¹məprefix◦³thin ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 96

Tusomənmorpheme-tsʰɯə̃ ‘liver’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.275

Ukhrulʔamorpheme-məmorpheme-tʰin ‘liver’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei1

Meitheiməsiŋ◦ga#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’ ‘gall bladder’Singh 91 MeiQ: 9.5.2

1.5Mikir [Karbi]7

Mikir [Karbi]ingmorpheme◦thin ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thin ‘heart’Marrison 67 Naga

Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thín ‘liver’Grüssner 79 BP: 23

Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thín ‘mind / locus of thought’Grüssner 79 BP: 23

Mikir [Karbi]ingprefix◦thín ‘heart / locus of emotions’Grüssner 79 BP: 23

Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦thin ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Mikir [Karbi]iŋprefix◦thin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern NagaC̬prefix-sin ‘liver’French 83: 515

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa (Moshang)əprefix◦hi ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang6

Changsan maŋ#1384 PTB *ma(k/ŋ) ‘GUTS / BELLY / VITAL ORGAN’ ‘liver’French 83: 515

Changsan◦mang#1384 PTB *ma(k/ŋ) ‘GUTS / BELLY / VITAL ORGAN’ ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Changsʌ́n ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 96

Khiamngan²³san ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

Khiamngan²³san¹dzo̥p#457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’MesorootsPKC *tsuap ‘LUNG’Allofams1a #457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’1b #5481 PTB *p-wap ‘LUNG’1c #5482 PTB *s-wap ‘LUNG’1d #5738 PTB *s-map ‘LUNG’1e #2121 PTB *g-lwa-p ‘LUNG’ ‘lung’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1173

Phomtʰan³³ ‘liver’Burling 98 Phom

1.7.3.1Jingpho33

Jingphoməsìn ‘liver’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 212

Jingphoməsìn ‘liver / bile / bitter’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1)

Jingphosin ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphosin ⪤ məsin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

Jingphosin-pai#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ ‘spleen’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphosìn-pāi#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ ‘spleen’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 094

Jingphosìn-pāi#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ ‘spleen’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 14

Jingphosin-wáwp#457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’MesorootsPKC *tsuap ‘LUNG’Allofams1a #457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’1b #5481 PTB *p-wap ‘LUNG’1c #5482 PTB *s-wap ‘LUNG’1d #5738 PTB *s-map ‘LUNG’1e #2121 PTB *g-lwa-p ‘LUNG’ ‘lung’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphosìn-wóp#457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’MesorootsPKC *tsuap ‘LUNG’Allofams1a #457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’1b #5481 PTB *p-wap ‘LUNG’1c #5482 PTB *s-wap ‘LUNG’1d #5738 PTB *s-map ‘LUNG’1e #2121 PTB *g-lwa-p ‘LUNG’ ‘lung (=spongy liver)’Matisoff 78 VSTB: 1a

Jingphosin~məsin ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Jingphosin³¹ tai³³#519 PTB *s-tay ‘NAVEL / ABDOMEN / CENTER / SELF’MesorootsPKar *Ɂdeᴬ ‘NAVEL, UMBILICAL CORD’Allofams40 #518 PTB *m/s-la(ː)y ⪤ *s-tay ‘NAVEL’40a #517 PTB *m/s-la(ː)y ‘NAVEL / CENTER / SELF’40b #519 PTB *s-tay ‘NAVEL / ABDOMEN / CENTER / SELF’ ‘heart’Liu 84

Jingphosin³¹ taʔ³¹#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest (of body)’Liu 84

Jingphosin³¹ tʃaʔ³¹#186 PTB *tsak-t ‘HARD / SOLID’PCN *a-tʃhak ‘DIFFICULT / HARD / DEAR, COSTLY’PTk *ʃak ‘DIFFICULT / HARD’ ‘liver’Liu 84

Jingphosin³¹ wop⁵⁵#457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’MesorootsPKC *tsuap ‘LUNG’Allofams1a #457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’1b #5481 PTB *p-wap ‘LUNG’1c #5482 PTB *s-wap ‘LUNG’1d #5738 PTB *s-map ‘LUNG’1e #2121 PTB *g-lwa-p ‘LUNG’ a³¹morpheme na³¹#160 PTB *na-n/t ‘ILL / PAIN / SORE / ACHE / DIFFICULT / EVIL SPIRIT’PKC *naa-I, nat-II ‘PAINFUL / SICK’PTk *na ‘HURT’PLB *nan ⪤ *nat ‘SPIRIT / DEMON’PL *C-natᴸ ‘SPIRIT’PL *C-na¹ ‘ILL / SICK’ ‘tuberculosis’Liu 84

Jingphosin³¹taʔ³¹#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 257.47

Jingphosin³¹tʃaʔ³¹#186 PTB *tsak-t ‘HARD / SOLID’PCN *a-tʃhak ‘DIFFICULT / HARD / DEAR, COSTLY’PTk *ʃak ‘DIFFICULT / HARD’ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.19

Jingphosīn³¹tʃaʔ³¹#186 PTB *tsak-t ‘HARD / SOLID’PCN *a-tʃhak ‘DIFFICULT / HARD / DEAR, COSTLY’PTk *ʃak ‘DIFFICULT / HARD’ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.47

Jingphosin◦da#289 PTB *m-twa(k/ŋ) ‘CHEST / BREAST / RIB’PTk *tʰik ‘LUNG / CHEST’ ‘chest’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphosìn◦pāi#91 PTB *r-pay ‘SPLEEN’PLB *ʔ-p(r)ay¹ ‘SPLEEN’ ‘spleen’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1)

Jingphosin◦tumorpheme ‘heart’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphosə◦bawnmorpheme ‘lung’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphosə◦gri#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphosə◦grì#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile / gall’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 65

Jingphošə◦grì#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’⪤ ‘bile / gall’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 65

Jingphosə◦grì#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’⪤šə◦grì ‘bile, gall, gall bladder’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Jingpho¹mə¹shin ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 96

Jingpho¹shin-³wop#457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’MesorootsPKC *tsuap ‘LUNG’Allofams1a #457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’1b #5481 PTB *p-wap ‘LUNG’1c #5482 PTB *s-wap ‘LUNG’1d #5738 PTB *s-map ‘LUNG’1e #2121 PTB *g-lwa-p ‘LUNG’ ‘spongy liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1129

Jingpho¹shin³wop#457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’MesorootsPKC *tsuap ‘LUNG’Allofams1a #457 PTB *tsywap ‘LUNG’1b #5481 PTB *p-wap ‘LUNG’1c #5482 PTB *s-wap ‘LUNG’1d #5738 PTB *s-map ‘LUNG’1e #2121 PTB *g-lwa-p ‘LUNG’ ‘lung’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1173

Jingpho¹šə¹gri#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

Jingphoʃă³¹ kɹi³¹#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Liu 84

1.7.3.2Asakian6

Gananăprefix◦sʻɛ̃¹ ‘liver’Luce 85: L.148

Kaduăprefix◦sʻɪn³ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Kadu (Kantu)ăprefix◦sʻɪn³ ‘liver’Luce 85: L.148

Sakáŋprefix◦siŋ ‘liver’Huziwara 08 Sak: 38

Sak (Bawtala)ɑ̃³prefixsʻe⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Sak (Bawtala)ɑ̃³prefixsʻe⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: L.148

2.1.1Western Himalayish6

Bunanchin◦pasuffix ‘liver’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 9.5

Kanauris̱ẖiṅ n‘liver’Bailey 11

Kanauriśin ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Kanauriśin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

Kanauriśin ‘liver’Coblin 86: 44

Pattani [Manchati]pəŋmorpheme◦minza ‘liver’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

2.1.2Bodic14

Baimandʒo¹³ nbɑ³⁵suffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 Baim: 9.5

Kaikethi-pāsuffix ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Kaikethi◦pāsuffix ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Tsangla (Motuo)tɕhiŋ◦pasuffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.7

Tsangla (Motuo)tɕʰiŋ◦pasuffix ‘liver’Sun H 80 MLD

Tsangla (Motuo)tʂhis ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.7

Tsangla (Motuo)tʂʰis ‘gall’Sun H 80 MLD

Tsangla (Motuo)tʂʰis⁵⁵ ‘gall’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tshona (Wenlang)tin⁵⁵ po⁵⁵suffix ‘liver’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)tsi⁵⁵ mo⁵³suffix ‘liver’Sun H 80 MLD

Tshona (Mama)tsi⁵⁵mo⁵³suffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.6

Motuo Menbatɕhiŋ pasuffix nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.07

Motuo Menbatʂhis nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.07

Cuona Menbatsi⁵⁵mo⁵³suffix nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan28

Tibetan (Alike)ntɕən bæsuffix nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.05

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)tɕhəm basuffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)mtɕhən mbasuffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ntɕʰi ɸæsuffix ‘gall’Sun J 85 Amdo: 298

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ntɕʰən-nbæsuffix ‘liver’Sun J 85 Amdo: 450

Tibetan (Balti)čʰin◦ma·suffix ‘liver’Rangan 75: 71

Tibetan (Batang)tɕhĩ⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵suffix ‘liver’Dai 89 Bata: 9.5

Tibetan (Batang)tɕhĩ⁵⁵mba⁵³suffix nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.03

Tibetan (Jirel)Thiː◦bāqsuffix ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Jirelṭhiː◦bāqsuffix ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)tɕhin⁵⁵ba⁵³suffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.3

Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕhī⁵⁵pa⁵³suffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)tɕhĩ⁵⁵pə⁵⁵suffix nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.02

Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)chiim◦basuffix ‘liver’Bishop 89: 9.5

Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)thē◦basuffix ‘bile’Bishop 89: 9.5.1

SherpaThi◦wāsuffix ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Spitichin◦basuffix ‘liver’Bodh 91: 9.5

Tibetan (Western)ṭhigs-paprefix ‘bile’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Tibetan (Written)mc̀'in-pasuffix ‘liver / bile / bitter’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1)

Tibetan (Written)mchin ‘liver’Coblin 86: 44

Tibetan (Written)mchin.pasuffix ‘liver’Sun J 85 TbGl: 450

Tibetan (Written)mcʻin-pasuffix ‘liver’Luce 85: X.165

Tibetan (Written)mtśhin ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Tibetan (Written)mtśhin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

Tibetan (Written)mtɕhin pasuffix ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.1

Tibetan (Written)mtɕin pasuffix nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.01

Tibetan (Written)mtʃin-pasuffix ‘liver’Zhang Liansheng 88: 52

"Pre-Tibetan"msyin ‘bitter / liver’Coblin 86: 44

2.1.4Tamangish3

Manang (Gyaru)cin² ba²suffix ‘liver’Nagano 84 Man: 038

Manang (Prakaa)³cʰĩ◦pəsuffix ‘liver’Hoshi 84: 0035

Manang (Prakaa)³ɕə◦pəsuffix ‘stomach (animal)’Hoshi 84: 0507b

2.2Newar2

Newar (Kathmandu)sẽ ‘liver’Genetti 90 Kath

Newar (Dolakhali)sẽ◦lamorpheme ‘liver’Genetti 90 Dola

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang7

Chepangsinh n.‘liver; kernel (of grain)’Caughley 00 Chepang

Chepangsinʰ ‘liver’Caughley 72 CVoc: 1.53

Chepangsinʱ ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 68

Chepangsinʱ ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 96

Chepangsinʱ ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

Chepang (Eastern)sinh ‘liver’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.5

Kham'sen ‘liver’Watters 89 KhQ: 1.53

3.1Tangut5

Tangut [Xixia]si ‘liver’Dai 89 Xixi: 9.5

Tangut [Xixia]si² ‘liver’Sofronov 97

Tangut [Xixia]siɦ ‘liver’Nishida 64 Tan: 186

Tangut [Xixia]siɦ ‘liver’Nishida 64 Tan: 269-063

Tangut [Xixia]sji ‘liver’Li 97 Tangut: 5273

3.2Qiangic33

Ersuntshɑ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ErsQ

Ersuntshɑ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.18

Lyuzutsha³⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.18

Muyazə⁵³ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.15

Muya [Minyak]zɯ⁵³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 9.5

Muya [Minyak]zɯ⁵³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.15

Namuyisɿ⁵⁵ly⁵⁵#1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ ‘liver’Sun H 91 NamQ: 9.5

Namuyisi⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.46

Pumi (Jiulong)tsu³⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.10

Pumi (Lanping)tsyɛ̃⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.09

Pumi (Qinghua)tsyɛ̃⁵⁵ ‘liver’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Qinghua)tsyɛ̃⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.11

Pumi (Taoba)tsuẽ⁵³ ‘liver’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Taoba)tsuẽ⁵³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.10

Qiang (Longxi)ɕí ɹámorpheme ‘liver’Evans 99 Qiang: 180

Qiang (Mawo)si ‘liver’Sun J 86 Mawo

Qiang (Mawo)si ‘liver’Sun H 81 Qia

Qiang (Mawo)si ‘liver’Sun H 91 MawQ: 9.5

Qiang (Mawo)si ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.8

Qiang (Mawo)sə χɑmorpheme nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.08

Qiang (Mianchi)sè ‘liver’[Source note] cf. ‘tree, wood’.Evans 99 Qiang: 180

Qiang (Taoping)sie⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 81 Qia

Qiang (Taoping)sie⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.9

Qiang (Yadu)sɑ◦xɑsuffix ‘liver’Dai 89 Qian: 180

Queyu (Xinlong)ze¹³ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.13

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]zɛ³⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 9.5

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]zɛ³⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.16

Xumisuə̃⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ShiQ

Xumisuə̃⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.20

Xumisuɛ̃⁵³ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.17

Zhaba (Daofu County)sei³³ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.14

Zhaba (Daofu County)sei¹³ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.14

3.3rGyalrongic4

Ergong (Danba)she ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.14

Daofushi nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.12

Ergong (Danba)sʰe ‘liver’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 9.5

Ergong (Northern)sʰə⁵³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 9.5

3.3.1rGyalrong6

rGyalrong (Eastern)mdʒi kri#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile’Sun H 91 rEQ: 9.5.1

Caodengtəprefix-mtsʰi ‘liver’Sun J 97 Cao

rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦mdʒi kri#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ r̥morpheme◦kʰo ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 rEQ: 9.5.2

rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦mtsʰi ‘liver’Sun H 91 rNW: 9.5

rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦mtsʰi lbapmorpheme ‘spleen’Sun H 91 rNW: 9.8

Shilitə́prefix-mtsʰi ‘liver’Sun J 97 Shi

4Nungic22

Anongbɯ³¹morpheme ɕin⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun J 88 Ano

Nungbɯ³¹morphemeɕin⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.21

Anongbɯ³¹morphemeɕin⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.44

Rawangməmorpheme◦ʃɯn³³ ‘liver’LaPolla 03: 162

Anongphəmorpheme◦śin ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Anongphəmorpheme◦śin ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

Anongsə◦hi#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Anongsə◦hi#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Anongsə◦hi#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Anongsə◦hi#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall-bladder’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Rawangsə◦khi⁵³#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 03: 164

Dulongpɯ³¹morphemeɕin⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.20

Trung [Dulong]pɯ³¹morphemeɕin⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.46

Trung [Dulong]tɕi³¹xɹi⁵⁵#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)pɯ³¹morpheme śin⁵⁵ ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)pɯ³¹morpheme ɕin⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)tśi³¹ xri⁵⁵#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)tɕi³¹ xɹi⁵⁵#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)pɯ³¹morpheme śin⁵³ ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)pɯ³¹morpheme ɕin⁵³ ‘liver’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tśhi³¹ khri⁵³#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɕʰi³¹ kʰɹi⁵³#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Sun H 82 Dul

5Tujia3

Tujiamɯe³⁵morpheme tɕi⁵⁵ ‘stomach’Chen 86 TuMQ: 9.10

Tujiatsi³⁵ tsi³⁵ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 TuBQ: 9.5.2

Tujia (Northern)tsi³⁵ tsi³⁵ ‘gall’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese2

*Lolo-Burmesem-sin ‘liver’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 49

*Lolo-Burmesesin² ⪤ tsin²morpheme ‘liver / bitter’HPTB p. 31 erroneously gives 1 as the PLB tone for this form.Matisoff 03 HPTB: 613

6.1.1Burmish72

Achang (Lianghe)khau⁵⁵#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’ ʂɑ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)a³¹prefix ʂəŋ³¹ ‘liver’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)a³¹prefixʂəŋ³¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.28

Achang (Longchuan)a³¹prefixʂəŋ³¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.41

Achang (Longchuan)saŋ³¹ tɕhi³⁵morpheme ‘gall bladder’Dai 85 AcJZ

Achang (Longchuan)saŋ³¹tɕhi³⁵morpheme nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.28

Achang (Longchuan)saŋ³¹tɕhi³⁵morpheme ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.41

Achang (Xiandao)a³¹prefix ʂɯŋ³¹ ‘liver’Dai 89 Xian: 173

Achang (Xiandao)a³¹prefixʂɯŋ³¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.29

Achang (Xiandao)ʂɯŋ³¹ cʰi³⁵morpheme ‘gall bladder’Dai 89 Xian: 177

Achang (Xiandao)ʂɯŋ³¹chi³⁵morpheme nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.29

Bolasaŋ³⁵ ‘liver’Dai 89 Bola: 173

Bola (Luxi)saŋ³⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.32

Burmese (Modern)aprefix◦sañː ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Burmese (Modern)aprefix◦sañ⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Burmese (Modern)sañː-kre³#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Burmese (Rangoon)tθɛ⁵⁵tɕhe²²#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.27

Burmese (Rangoon)ɑ⁵³prefixtθɛ⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.27

Burmese (Spoken)ãprefix◦θe⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)tθɛ⁵⁵tɕhe²²#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.40

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)ɑprefix tθɛ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.40

Burmese (Spoken)θɛ⁴dje³morpheme ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Burmese (Written)aprefix◦sàń ‘liver’LaPolla 87: 104

Burmese (Written)ăprefix◦sàń ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 234

Burmese (Written)aprefix◦saññ: ‘liver’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)aprefix◦sañ⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: X.165

Burmese (Written)Modmorpheme. [sañ⁴]◦kʻre³#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall, bile’Luce 85: X.55

Burmese (Written)sâi ‘liver ( < sâñ )’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)sâñ ‘liver’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)sàñ-khre#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

Burmese (Written)sâñ-khre#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile / gall’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 65

Burmese (Written)sâñ-khre#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Burmese (Written)sàń-khre#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’LaPolla 87: 166

Burmese (Written)sàń-khre#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Burmese (Written)sâñ-khre#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’-ʔimmorpheme ‘bladder / gall’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)sâñ-kʰre#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 19

Burmese (Written)thɑȵ³khre²#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.39

Burmese (Written)tθɑȵ³khre²#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.26

Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixthɑȵ³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.39

Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixtθɑȵ³ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.26

Burmese (Written)əprefix-sâñ ‘liver’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)əprefix-sàñ ‘liver’Coblin 86: 44

Burmese (Written)əprefix◦θɛ̀ ‘liver’Benedict 72 STC: 79n241

Burmese (Written)ʔəprefix◦sâñ ‘liver’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 49

Burmese (Written)ʔəprefix◦sâñ ‘liver’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 212

Burmese (Written)ʔəprefix◦sâñ ‘liver / bile / bitter’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (1)

Danuăprefix◦θe² ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Danuθɛ²che⁴#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Hpun (Northern)ăprefix◦ʃaìŋ ‘liver’Henderson 86 Hpun

Hpun (Metjo)ăprefix◦ʃɑiŋ⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Hpun (Metjo)ăprefix◦ʃɑiŋ⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Hpun (Northern)sè xʀí#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’; θèɪ xí#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall / gall bladder’Henderson 86 Hpun

Hpun (Metjo)se⁴ χih⁴#228 PTB *ki(ŋ/k) ‘GALL / BILE’ ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Langsu (Luxi)saŋ³⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.31

Lashi (Lachhe')sə̃ ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Lashi (Lachhe')səŋ³ ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Lashisəŋ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Dai 89 Lash: 9.5

Leqi (Luxi)səŋ⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.33

Marmaəprefix◦θé ‘liver’Huziwara 08 Sak: 38

Marmaθé◦khri#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’◦re#1013 PTB *rəy ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODILY FLUID’PLB *rəy¹ ‘WATER’PL *re¹ ‘WATER’ ‘bile’Huziwara 08 Sak: 38A

Maru [Langsu]saŋ³⁵ ‘liver’Dai 89 Lang: 9.5

Maru [Langsu]saŋ³⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.43

Taung-Yoăprefix◦θe² ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Taung-Yoθɛ²chʻe⁴morpheme ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Atsi [Zaiwa]seŋ⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Atsi [Zaiwa]seŋ⁴kyi²#228 PTB *ki(ŋ/k) ‘GALL / BILE’ ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Atsi [Zaiwa]siŋ²¹ ‘liver’Xu 84 Zaiwa

Atsi [Zaiwa]siŋ²¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]siŋ²¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]siŋ²¹ kji̱⁵¹#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall’Xu 84 Zaiwa

Atsi [Zaiwa]siŋ²¹kji̱⁵¹morpheme nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]siŋ²¹kji̱⁵¹morpheme ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.42

6.1.2Loloish3

*Loloish(š)prefix-sin² ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

*Loloish(ʃ)prefix-sin² ‘liver’Bradley 79 PLo: 143

Lolophoʂɯ³¹ thɒ³¹morpheme ‘liver’Dai 89 Lolo: 9.5

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish31

Lalosì-tsémorpheme ‘liver’Björverud 94

Lalosɿ²¹ tse⁵⁵morpheme ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Liphosɿ²¹tha²¹morpheme ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Nasusɿ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Nesuʂer²¹ ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Noesuse⁵⁵ ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Nosusi²¹ ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Nusu (Northern)sʰɐ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)tsə̃ʴ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.45

Nusu (Southern)tsə⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)tsɚ̃⁵⁵ ‘liver’Dai 89 NusA: 173.

Nusu (Central)tsɚ̃⁵⁵ ‘liver’Dai 89 NusB: 173.

Nusu (Central)tsɚ̃⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.34

Nusu (Central)tsʰə̃ʴ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Dafang)sə³³ ‘liver’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Dafang)sə³³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.22

Yi (Liangshan)si²¹ ‘liver’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Mile)i³³morphemesi⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.25

Yi (Mile)i³³prefixtʂi³³zo²¹morpheme ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.25

Yi (Mojiang)sɛ²¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.26

Yi (Nanhua)se²¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.37

Yi (Nanhua)sɛ²¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.24

Yi (Nanjian)dzɿ²¹morpheme sɿ²¹ ‘liver’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Nanjian)dzɿ²¹sɿ²¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.23

Yi (Weishan)sɿ²¹tsᴇ⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.36

Yi (Wuding)sɿ⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.38

Yi (Xide)si²¹ ‘liver’Chen 79 YiCh

Yi (Xide)si²¹ ‘liver’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Xide)si²¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.35

Yi (Xide)si²¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.21

Yi (Xide)tsʰɿ²¹-si³⁴#1019 PTB *sey ‘FRUIT / ROSE / ROUND OBJECT’PTani *ze ‘FRUIT’PKC *thay ‘FRUIT’PKC *ʔaar-θii ⪤ *-sii ‘STAR’PCN *a-sej ‘FRUIT / SEED’PTk *tʰej ‘FRUIT’PKar *saᴮ ‘FRUIT’ ‘liver’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish36

Ahii³³morpheme tʂi²² ʑi²²morpheme ‘bile’Luo 90: 9.5.1

Lolo (Ni)sé ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Ahisɿ⁵⁵;i³³kɛ³³ ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Ahiɣo²²#2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’MesorootsPLB *wu ⪤ *ru ‘INTESTINE / KIDNEY’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ tɕi²² zo²¹morpheme ‘pancreas’Luo 90: 9.9

Jinuotshɤ⁴²na⁴²morpheme nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.44

Jinuotshɤ⁴⁴khɔ⁴⁴morpheme nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.44

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)tsʰɯ³¹ na³¹morpheme ‘liver’Dai 89 JinA: 180

Jinuo (Baka)tsʰɯ³¹ na³¹morpheme la³¹morpheme ‘liver’Dai 89 JinB: 180

Jinuo (Youle)ɑ³³prefix tsʰɤ⁴⁴ ‘liver’Gai 86

Jinuoɑ³³prefixtshɯ³³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.34

Kuconga31prefix sɔ35 ‘liver’Dai 09 Kucong

*Common Lahushehˍ ‘liver’Bradley 79 PLo: 143

Lahu (Lancang)ɔ³¹prefixɕɛ¹¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.43

Lahu (Black)sheh ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Lahu (Black)ɔ̀prefix-šɛ ‘liver’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 49

Lahu (Black)ɔ̀prefix-šɛ̄ ‘liver’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 212

Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ sɛ³¹ ‘liver’Chang 86

Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹prefixsɛ³¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.33

Lahu (Yellow)ɔ³¹prefix ɕɛʔ²¹ ‘liver’Chang 86

Lisu (Northern)hwa²¹#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’si²¹ N‘liver’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)si²¹ N‘liver’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisusi³¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.40

Lisu (Central)si⁵-hpyá¹morpheme ‘liver’Fraser 22

Lisu (Theng-yüeh)si⁵-hpyɑ¹morpheme ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Lisusi⁵hpyá¹morpheme ‘liver’Bradley 79 PLo: 143

Lisu (Theng-yüeh)si⁵hpya¹morpheme ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Lisu (Putao)sɯ⁵ chɛ⁵morpheme ‘liver’Luce 85: T.41

Lisu (Putao)sɯ⁵chɛ⁵morpheme ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Lisu (Nujiang)sɿ³¹ ‘liver’Xu 86 Lisu

Lisusɿ³¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.27

Sani [Nyi]si²¹ ‘liver’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5

Sani [Nyi]si²¹ ‘liver’Wu 84

Sani [Nyi]si²¹li²¹morphemeqo³³morpheme ‘heart and liver’Wu 84

Yi (Sani)sz̩¹¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.39

Sani [Nyi]sɿ²¹ l̩²¹morpheme qo³³morpheme lo̱⁴⁴morpheme ‘liver’Wu 84: 158.2

Sani [Nyi]sɿ¹¹ ‘liver’Ma 89 SanQ: 354.6

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish25

Akhag'aw˯#201 PTB *m-kal ⪤ *s-gal ‘BACK (lower) / KIDNEY / LOAD / CARRY’PKC *kal ‘KIDNEY’PTk *kal ‘KIDNEY’ si˯ ‘kidney (dial.)’Matisoff 87 BP

Akha (Thai)sjhà#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-tshàŋ ‘liver’Hansson 89 AHKP: 409

Bisuaŋ#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’◦tshiŋ ‘liver’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 14

Bisuʔaŋ#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ tshiŋ ‘liver’Bradley 79 PLo

Hani (Dazhai)tshɔ³¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.31

Hani (Dazhai)tsʰɔ³¹ ‘liver’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Lüchun)tshɔ³¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.41

Hani (Pijo)tshỳ khí#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Hani (Caiyuan)tshɿ̄³¹tshi⁵⁵morpheme ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.30

Hani (Caiyuan)tsʰɿ̄³¹ tɕʰi⁵⁵#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘gall bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Caiyuan)ɔ³¹prefix tsʰɿ³¹ ‘liver’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Caiyuan)ɔ³¹prefixtshɿ³¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.30

Hani (Gelanghe)ɕa³¹#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ tsʰaŋ³¹ ‘liver’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)ɔ³¹prefix tsʰu³¹ ‘liver’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Shuikui)ɔ³¹prefixtshu³¹ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.32

Hani (Khatu)tshə̀ tjhí#227 PTB *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’PCN *a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PTk *tʰi ‘BILE’ ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Hani (Mojiang)ɔ³¹prefixtshu³¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.42

Mpiʔɑ²prefix-thɯ² ‘liver’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 49

Mpiʔɑ²prefixthɯ² ‘liver’Bradley 79 PLo

Mpiʔɑ²prefixthɯ² ‘liver’Srinuan 76

Côông [Phunoi]mìmorpheme-tchùmorpheme-sì ‘heart’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Côông [Phunoi]ʔã́#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ sìn ‘liver’Bradley 79 PLo

Côông [Phunoi]ʔɑ̃⁵⁵#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ sin¹¹ ‘liver’Bradley xx Phu

Pyenʔa33prefix chin31 ‘liver’Shintani 09 Pyen: 131150

Ugongho̩ŋmorpheme sɤ̩́ŋ ‘liver’Bradley 93 Ugo: 9.5

6.2Naxi7

Laze (Xiangjiao)si˧ ‘liver’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 447

Na (Yongning)si˩˧ ‘liver’Michaud 06 NaLaze

Naxi (Western)sər⁵⁵ ‘liver’He 85

Naxi (Lijiang)səɹ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.28

Naxisɚ⁵⁵ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.45

Naxi (Eastern)sɯ¹³ ‘liver’He 85

Naxi (Yongning)sɿ¹³ ‘liver’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 273.29

7Karenic41

*Karen [Burling]sun² ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

*Karenswɨnᴮ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

*Karen (TP)sýnq ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

*Karensýnq ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)θúq ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

*Karen (Sgaw)θúʔ ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

*Karen (Pwo)θə́nq ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

Bweθu⁵⁵θa³³morpheme ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Karena³¹prefixtθu̱³¹ nbp‘liver’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0145.50

Kayahso¹¹ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Kayan (Pekon)pʰúmorpheme◦θyə̂n N‘liver’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayan (Pekon)θyə̂n N‘liver’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayanθɨ¹¹ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Kayaw~βʉ¹¹ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Pa-O (Southern)su̯ən³³ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Pa-Osýn ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

Pa-Osɨ́n thìmorpheme ‘gall’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-O (Northern)sɨn⁵⁵ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Pa-Osɨɲn ‘liver’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-O (Northern)sɯ̆n¹tʻi⁶morpheme ‘gall, bile’Luce 85: I.145

Pa-Osʏ́n ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

Pa-O (Northern)sʻɯn¹ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Pakuăprefix◦θu³ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Palaychifvúqmorpheme◦tàq ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

Pwo (Northern)sɑ̃³³ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Pwo (Tenasserim)ə̆prefix◦θə̃¹ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Pwo (Delta)ə̆prefix◦θə̃⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Pwo (Southern)θə̃ɨ⁵⁵ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Pwo (Bassein)θə̀n ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

Pwo (Bassein)θə̀n ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

Pwo (Moulmein)θə̀nʔ ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

Pwo (Moulmein)θə́nʔ ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

Sgaw (Northern)su³¹˜ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Sgaw (Southern)su⁴⁵’ ‘liver’Luangthongkum 13: 173

Sgaw²θu ‘liver’Weidert 87 TBTo: 989

Sgawθu⁴ ‘liver’Luce 85: G.109

Sgaw (Bassein)θù ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)a³¹prefix tθu̱³¹ ‘liver’Dai 89 KarB: 180

Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)da³¹prefix tθu̱³¹ ‘liver’Dai 89 KarB: 180.1

Sgaw (Moulmein)θúʔ ‘liver’Jones 61: 47

Karen (Sgaw/Yue)θu³¹ ‘liver’Dai 89 KarA: 180

8Bai1

Bai (Bijiang)ŋɑ⁵⁵#2118 PTB *naŋ ‘INSIDE’ dzɑ̱̃⁴²morpheme tshv̩̄⁴² ‘stomach’Xu 84 Bai

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #1390, *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1390

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: STC#234 [incl 3058. evid for HEART?

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-1390,
  title  = {{*m-sin 'LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #1390},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/1390}
}