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The Body › Internal Organs › Liver › Gall/Bile

STEDT #227

*m/s-kri(y)-s

GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlekriprefixminitialkrrhymei-t ~ s-coverK · VTS

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’PCN #092

Tangkhulic*tʰi ‘BILE’DRM#345; cf. #6876 LIVER

Connections

HPTB*krəy ⪤ *m-kri(y)-t-s ‘gall / bile / sour’pp. 22, 118, 189, 193, 436, 456

Notes

Care must be taken to distinguish this root from #228 PTB *ki(ŋ/k) GALL / BILE.

Reflexes & cognates253 reflexes · 30 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)8

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)kri-t ‘gall’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)kri-t ‘bile’Benedict 72 STC: 412

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)krit ‘bile, gall / bitter’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

*Tibeto-Burman(s-)krit ‘bile, gall / bitter’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

*Tibeto-Burmankri ‘bile, gall, gall-bladder / aci’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

*Tibeto-Burmankri(y) ‘acid / sour’Benedict 72 STC: 413

*Tibeto-Burmankriy ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

*Tibeto-Burmankrəy ⪤ m-kri(y)-t-s ‘gall / bile / sour’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 596

1.1.1.1Western Tani1

Apatani¹aprefix◦²xrye (¹) ‘kidney’Weidert 87 TBTo: 965

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)12

*Central Nagaaprefix-sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.092

*Aotprefix-(aprefix-)sə ‘BILE / GALL BLADDER’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.102

Ao (Chungli)taprefix◦sü-aetmorpheme adj‘brave’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)tprefix◦a³prefix-sə¹ n.‘gall bladder’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.102

Ao (Chungli)³tamorpheme¹sɯ ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Ao (Mongsen: Khensa)tə́prefix-sə̀ n.‘gall bladder’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.102

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[tə]prefix-sə n.‘bile’Coupe 07 Ao

Lotha Nagao¹prefix-tshəʔ³ n.‘gall bladder, bile’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.092

Lotha Nagaoprefix◦tssü ‘bile’Murry 78: 10

Lotha Naga¹oprefix³tsɯ(ʔ) ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Sangtam¹aprefix²sɯ ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Yimchungrü²aprefix²sɯ[¹] ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group6

Angami Naga⁵uprefix²the⁴sie ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Khezha¹eprefix²tšhi ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Maokamorpheme◦khri ‘sour’Marrison 67 Naga

Mao²kamorpheme²krhi ‘sour’Weidert 87 TBTo: 741

Rengma (Southern)⁴nprefix⁴si ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Sema [Sumi]¹aprefix¹ti²thi#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

1.3.4Tangkhulic5

*Tangkhulictʰi ‘bile’Mortensen 12 Tk: 345

Kachaiʔamorpheme-tʰɐ ‘bile’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.265

Tangkhul¹əprefix³thi ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 383a

Tusomkəmorpheme-kʰimorpheme-tχamorpheme nmorpheme-tsɯ ‘bile’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.276

Ukhrulʔamorpheme-tʰi ‘bile’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1.1Bodo10

Bodobimorpheme◦klɤ́ʔ ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

Dimasabimorpheme◦khlu ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Dimasabimorpheme◦khlu ‘bile’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Dimasakhiri ‘sour’Marrison 67 Naga

Dimasakhiri ‘sour’LaPolla 87: 166

Dimasakhiri ‘sour’Benedict 72 STC: 413

Kokborokbəmorpheme=kʰləʔ ‘gall’Tripuri 88

Kokborokkəmorpheme=kʰrəy ‘sour’Tripuri 88

Kokborokkʰrəy be v.‘sour’Tripuri 88

Mechebimorpheme-klɤ ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

1.7.1.2Garo4

Garokha#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’-khit ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (2)

Garokha#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’-khit ‘bile, gall’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Garokha#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’-khit ‘bile’LaPolla 87: 166

Garokha#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’-khit ‘bile’Benedict 72 STC: 412

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongkhyi- adj1‘sour’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1

*Northern Nagakrəy ‘sour’French 83: 555

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1

Tangsa (Moshang)əhi ‘acid’Benedict 72 STC: 413

1.7.3.1Jingpho16

Jingphokhri ‘sour’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphokhrī ‘sour, acid’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 95

Jingphokhrī ‘acid, sour’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Jingphokhri ‘acid, sour’LaPolla 87: 166

Jingphokhri ‘acid, sour’Benedict 72 STC: 413

Jingphokhɹi³³ ‘sour’Liu 84

Jingphokhʒi³³ ‘sour’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1072.19

Jingphokhʒi³³ ‘sour’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 887.47

Jingphosă³¹morphemekʒi³¹ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.47

Jingphosə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦gri ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphosə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦grì ‘bile / gall’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 65

Jingphošə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦grì⪤ ‘bile / gall’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 65

Jingphosə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦grì⪤šə◦grì ‘bile, gall, gall bladder’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Jingpho¹šə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’¹gri ‘bile’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

Jingphoʃă³¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ kɹi³¹ ‘gall’Liu 84

Jingphoʃă³¹morphemekʒi³¹ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.19

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Sakhrɨ́ ‘sour’Huziwara 08 Sak: 94-1

2.1.2Bodic5

Tsangla (Tilang)kʰris ‘gall’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tshona (Wenlang)kli⁵⁵ ‘gall’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)kli⁵³ ‘gall bladder’Sun H 80 MLD

Tshona (Mama)kli⁵³ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.6

Cuona Menbakli⁵³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan10

Tibetan (Written)mhkris-pasuffix ‘bile, gall’Benedict 72 STC: 17n62

Tibetan (Written)mk'ris-pasuffix ‘bile, gall’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Tibetan (Written)mkhris pasuffix nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.01

Tibetan (Written)mkhris pasuffix ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.1

Tibetan (Written)mkhris-pasuffix ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Tibetan (Written)mkhris-pasuffix ‘bile’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Tibetan (Written)mkhris.pasuffix ‘gall’Sun J 85 TbGl: 298

Tibetan (Written)mkʻris-pasuffix ‘gall, bile’Luce 85: X.55

Tibetan (Written)mkʻris-pasuffix ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Tibetan (Written)mkʻris-pasuffix ‘bladder / gall’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.3Lepcha2

Lepchak'i-bosuffix ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Lepchakri ‘bitter’Benedict 72 STC: 413

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

Yamphukhiʔ◦wæŋmorpheme n‘gall’Rutgers 98: 550.18

2.3.4Western Kiranti2

Sunwarci̩ːk#1326 PTB *kyak ‘KIDNEY’◦re ‘kidney’Matisoff 87 BP

SunwarciːMk#1326 PTB *kyak ‘KIDNEY’◦re ‘kidney’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 99

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang6

Chepanghi ‘bile’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 7

Chepanghi ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Chepang (Eastern)hi ‘bile’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.5.1

Chepang (Eastern)hi ‘gall bladder’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.5.2

Magarmimorpheme-chi-ṭa#1382 PTB *trwa ‘HEART / LIVER’ ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Magarmimorpheme-chi◦Ta#1382 PTB *trwa ‘HEART / LIVER’ ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 87 BP

3.1Tangut1

Tangut [Xixia]khǐə̱ rǐə ‘bile’Dai 89 Xixi: 9.5.1

3.2Qiangic32

Ersutʂo⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 ErsQ

Ersutʂo⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.18

Lyuzukəʴ⁵³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.18

Muyatʂə⁵³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.15

Muya [Minyak]tʂɯ⁵³ ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 9.5.2

Muya [Minyak]tʂɯ⁵³ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.15

Namuyitʂɿ³³ly⁵⁵#1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 NamQ: 9.5.2

Namuyitʂɿ³³ly⁵⁵#1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.19

Namuyitʂɿ³¹lu̵⁵⁵#1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.46

Pumi (Jiulong)tʂɿ³⁵ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.10

Pumi (Lanping)tʂə⁵⁵ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.09

Pumi (Qinghua)tʂə⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Qinghua)tʂə⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.11

Pumi (Taoba)tʂə⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Lu 83 Pumi

Pumi (Taoba)tʂə⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.10

Qiang (Longxi)tsɨ́ ‘gall’Evans 99 Qiang: 183

Qiang (Mawo)xtʂə ‘gall’Sun J 86 Mawo

Qiang (Mawo)xtʂə ‘bile’Sun H 91 MawQ: 9.5.1

Qiang (Mawo)xtʂə nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.08

Qiang (Mawo)xtʂə ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.8

Qiang (Mawo)χtʂə ‘gall bladder’Sun H 81 Qia

Qiang (Mianchi)tɕɨ́ ‘gall’Evans 99 Qiang: 183

Qiang (Taoping)χtʂə⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Sun H 81 Qia

Qiang (Taoping)χtʂə⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.9

Qiang (Yadu)xtʂə ‘gall bladder’Dai 89 Qian: 183

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tʂhi³⁵pɛ⁵³morpheme ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.16

Queyu (Xinlong)tʂhi⁵⁵kpe⁵⁵morpheme nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.13

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]tʂʰi³⁵ pɛ⁵³morpheme ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 9.5.2

Xumitɕɛ⁵³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.17

Xumitɕɛ⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 ShiQ

Xumitɕɛ⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.20

Zhaba (Daofu County)ʂtʂʌ¹³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.14

3.3rGyalrongic5

Daofuskrə nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.12

Ergong (Northern)skrə⁵³ ‘bile’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 9.5.1

Ergong (Northern)skrə⁵³ ɕip⁵³morpheme ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 9.5.2

Ergong (Danba)skʂɯ ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 9.5.2

Ergong (Danba)skʂɯ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.14

3.3.1rGyalrong10

rGyalrong (Eastern)mdʒi#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ kri ‘bile’Sun H 91 rEQ: 9.5.1

rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix mdʒəmorpheme kri nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.11

rGyalrongtəprefix mdʒəmorpheme kri ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.12

rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦mcçʰi ‘bile’Sun H 91 rNQ: 9.5.1

rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦mcçʰi r̥qʰomorpheme ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 rNQ: 9.5.2

rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦mdʒi#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ kri r̥morpheme◦kʰo ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 rEQ: 9.5.2

rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦ʃkrət ‘bile’Sun H 91 rNW: 9.5.1

rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦ʃkrət ndʒəmorpheme ‘gall bladder’Sun H 91 rNW: 9.5.2

rGyalrongmjimorpheme gri ‘gall bladder’Nagano 97 GyQ: 9.5.2

rGBenzhentəprefix-mdʒikmorpheme kriʔ ‘gall’Sun J 97 rGB

4Nungic14

Anongsə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦hi ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Anongsə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦hi ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Anongsə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦hi ‘gall bladder’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Anongsə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦hi ‘gall-bladder’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Rawangsə#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦khi⁵³ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 03: 164

Anongŋ³¹morpheme dɑ³¹morpheme kʰɹı⁵³ ‘gall bladder’Sun J 88 Ano

Anongŋ³¹morphemedɑ³¹morphemekhɹɿ⁵³ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.44

Nungŋˌ³¹morphemedɑ³¹morphemekhɹɿ⁵³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.21

Trung [Dulong]tɕi³¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’xɹi⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.46

Dulongtɯ³¹morphemeɕi⁵⁵ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.20

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)tśi³¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ xri⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)tɕi³¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ xɹi⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tśhi³¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ khri⁵³ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɕʰi³¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ kʰɹi⁵³ ‘gall’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1Lolo-Burmese1

*Lolo-Burmeseʔkriy¹ ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 19

6.1.1Burmish30

*Burmesekhre ‘gall’Okell 71

Arakanese-hkri ‘gall’Okell 71

Bolakji̱⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Dai 89 Bola: 177

Bola (Luxi)kji̱⁵⁵ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.32

Burmese (Modern)sañː#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-kre³ ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Burmese (Rangoon)tθɛ⁵⁵#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’tɕhe²² nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.27

Burmese (Standard Spoken)-jei ‘gall’Okell 71

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)tθɛ⁵⁵#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’tɕhe²² ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.40

Burmese (Written)-khre ‘gall’Okell 71

Burmese (Written)khre ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Burmese (Written)Modmorpheme. [sañ⁴]#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦kʻre³ ‘gall, bile’Luce 85: X.55

Burmese (Written)sàñ#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-khre ‘gall’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

Burmese (Written)sâñmorpheme-khre ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)sâñ#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-khre ‘bile / gall’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 65

Burmese (Written)sâñ#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-khre ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Burmese (Written)sàń#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-khre ‘gall’LaPolla 87: 166

Burmese (Written)sàń#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-khre ‘gall’Benedict 72 STC: 412

Burmese (Written)sâñ#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-khre-ʔimmorpheme ‘bladder / gall’Matisoff 87 BP

Burmese (Written)sâñ#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’-kʰre ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 19

Burmese (Written)thɑȵ³#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’khre² ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.39

Burmese (Written)tθɑȵ³#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’khre² nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.26

Danuθɛ²#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’che⁴ ‘gall’Luce 85: S.12

Langsu (Luxi)kji̱k³¹ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.31

Leqi (Luxi)kje̱i³³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.33

Marmaθé#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’◦khri◦re#1013 PTB *rəy ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODILY FLUID’PLB *rəy¹ ‘WATER’PL *re¹ ‘WATER’ ‘bile’Huziwara 08 Sak: 38A

Maru [Langsu]-kyìt? ‘gall’Okell 71

Maru [Langsu]kji̱k³¹ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.43

Tavoyan-hkei ‘gall’Okell 71

Atsi [Zaiwa]siŋ²¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ kji̱⁵¹ ‘gall’Xu 84 Zaiwa

6.1.2Loloish3

*LoloishCprefix-ʔprefix-kre¹ ‘gall’Weidert 87 TBTo: 221

*LoloishCprefix-ʔprefix-kre¹ ‘bile’Bradley 79 PLo: 148

*LoloishCprefix-ʔprefix-kre¹ ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish29

Gazhuokʰɔ³¹#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’tɕi⁵⁵ ‘bile’Dai 91 TB15

Lalokə́ ‘gall bladder’Björverud 94

Lalokɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

Liphotsi⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

Nasutɕi³³ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

Nesutsɿ⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

Nesutsɿ⁵⁵ ʑʅ²¹morpheme ‘bile’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.1

Noesutɕi¹³ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

Nosutɕɿ³³ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

Nusu (Central)kɹe³³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.34

Nusu (Central)kɹi³⁵ ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘gall’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)kɹi³⁵ɑ⁵⁵suffix ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.45

Nusu (Northern)kɹɯ̱³¹ ɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘gall’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)kʴe³³ ‘gall bladder’Dai 89 NusB: 177.

Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)kʴe³⁵ ‘gall bladder’Dai 89 NusA: 177.

Nusu (Southern)tʂi³⁵ ‘gall’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Dafang)tɕi³³ ‘gall’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Dafang)tɕi³³ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.22

Yi (Liangshan)ʨɿ³³ ‘gall bladder’Ma 08 Yi: index

Yi (Lishan)kʰɔ³¹#229 PTB *b-ka-n/m/ŋ ‘BITTER / SALTY / BILE / LIVER’PTani *ko ~ *kaː ‘BITTER’PKC *khaa-I, khaat ⪤ *khaak-II ‘BITTER’PCN *a-khaʔ ‘BITTER’PTk *kʰa ‘BITTER’PBG *bi-ka ‘LIVER’PNN *C̥-kʰaᴮ ‘BITTER’PL *ka² ‘BITTER’PKar *khaᴮ ‘BITTER’ tɕi⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Dai 87 Gazh

Yi (Mojiang)tɕi⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.26

Yi (Nanhua)tɕi⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.24

Yi (Nanhua)tɕɿ̄³³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.37

Yi (Nanjian)kɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Chen 85 YiJZ

Yi (Nanjian)kɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.23

Yi (Weishan)kɯ⁵⁵ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.36

Yi (Wuding)tɕi³³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.38

Yi (Xide)tɕɿ³³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.35

Yi (Xide)tɕɿ⁴⁴ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish30

Ahii³³morpheme tʂi²² zo²¹morpheme ‘gall bladder’Luo 90: 9.5.2

Ahii³³morphemetɕi³³zo²¹morpheme ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

Jinuo (Youle)kʰi⁴² kʰɔ⁴⁴morpheme ‘gall’Gai 86

Jinuo (Baka)kʰji³¹ kʰo⁴⁴morpheme ‘gall bladder’Dai 89 JinB: 183

Jinuo (Baya/Banai)tsʰɯ³³ kʰɔ⁴⁴morpheme ‘gall bladder’Dai 89 JinA: 183

Lahu (Nyi)aw˯#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’◦keu: ‘bile’Bradley 79 Lahu: 148

*Common Lahukui: ‘bile’Bradley 79 PLo: 148

Lahuɔ̀#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’-kɨ ‘bile, gall bladder’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Lahuɔ̀#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’-kɨ̂ ‘gall bladder’LaPolla 87: 166

Lahu (Lancang)ɔ³¹prefixkɤ³³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.43

Lahu (Black)ɔ̀#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’-kɨ ‘bladder / gall’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)ɔ̀#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’-kɨ ‘gall bladder’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 19

Lahu (Black)ɔ̀#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’-kɨ ‘bile / gall’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 65

Lahu (Black)ɔ̀prefix-kɨ cɔ̀morpheme ve#450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ be v.‘brave’Matisoff 87 BP

Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹prefix kɯ³³ ‘gall’Chang 86

Lahu (Black)ɔ³¹#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’kə³³ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.33

Lahu (Yellow)ɔ³¹prefix kɯ³³ ‘gall’Chang 86

Lahu (Bakeo)aw˯keu: ‘bile’also contains *ʔa(ŋ/k)-Bradley 79 Lahu: 148

Lahu (Banlan)aw˯ki: ‘bile’also contains *ʔa(ŋ/k)-Bradley 79 Lahu: 148

Lisuji⁴ ‘gall’Matisoff 87 BP

Lisuji⁴ ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Lisu (Central)ji⁴ ‘gall’Fraser 22

Lisutʃi̱³³ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.40

Lisu (Northern)tʃɿ³³ N‘gall bladder’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Nujiang)tʃɿ̄⁴⁴ ‘gall’Xu 86 Lisu

Lisutʃɿ⁴⁴ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.27

Yi (Sani)tsz̊⁴⁴ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.39

Sani [Nyi]tsɥ⁴⁴ ‘gall bladder’Ma 89 SanQ: 348.4

Sani [Nyi]tʂi̱³³ ‘gall’Wu 84

Sani [Nyi]tʂi⁴⁴ ‘gall bladder’Chen 86 Yi: 9.5.2

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish19

Akhakhý ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Akha (Yunnan)pjhàmorpheme khý ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Akha (Thai)pjhàmorpheme-khý ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Akhapyamorpheme kui ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

Hani (Dazhai)phi³¹morphemekhɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.31

Hani (Lüchun)phɛ̀morpheme khý ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Hani (Dazhai)pʰi³¹morpheme kʰɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Lüchun)phi³¹morphemekhɯ⁵⁵ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.41

Hani (Pijo)khí ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Hani (Pijo)tshỳ#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ khí ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Hani (Caiyuan)tsʰɿ̄³¹#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ tɕʰi⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Gelanghe)pʰja³¹morpheme kʰɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Wordlist)piqmorpheme◦keel ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Hani (Shuikui)pʰɛ³¹morpheme kʰɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

Hani (Khatu)tjhí ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Hani (Khatu)tshə̀#1390 PTB *m-sin ‘LIVER / HEART / BILE / BITTER’PTani *zin ‘LIVER’PKC *thin ‘LIVER’PCN *m-sən ‘LIVER’PTk *tʰin ‘LIVER’PNN *C̬-sin ‘LIVER’PLB *sin² ⪤ *tsin² ‘LIVER / BITTER’PL *sin² ‘LIVER’PKar *swɨnᴮ ‘LIVER’ tjhí ‘bile’Hansson 89 AHKP: 296

Côông [Phunoi]bŏmorpheme◦kə¹¹ ‘bile’Bradley xx Phu

Côông [Phunoi]bɔ̌morpheme◦kə̀ ‘bile’Matisoff 87 BP

Côông [Phunoi]bɔ̌morpheme◦kə̀ ‘bile’Matisoff 78 VSTB: (3)

6.2Naxi5

Naxikɯ²¹ nbp‘gall bladder’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0147.45

Naxi (Western)kɯ³¹ ‘gall’He 85

Naxi (Lijiang)kɯ³¹ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.28

Naxi (Eastern)kɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall’He 85

Naxi (Yongning)kɯ⁵⁵ ‘gall’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 275.29

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #227, *m/s-kri(y)-s ‘GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/227

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#412, STC#413, HPTB

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-227,
  title  = {{*m/s-kri(y)-s 'GALL (BLADDER) / BILE / SOUR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #227},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/227}
}