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STEDT #489

*k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k-rwa(k/ŋ)

THROAT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlek/s-roinitialrrhymeo(k/ŋ)coverL · NT

Intermediate reconstructions

Tangkhulic*rok ‘THROAT / LARYNX / VOICE’DRM#583

Connections

See alsos↭ *l-kok #486, include PT 3244
Poss. allofam*l-kwak ‘THROAT / NECK’

Notes

In line with the frequently noted tendency of words meaning NECK / THROAT to have velar initials, we have reconstructed no fewer than eleven etyma with initial velars or velar clusters: #389 PTB *s/r-gwa-n NECK / NAPE, #481 PTB *s/m-key-k NECK, #486 PTB *l-kwak THROAT / NECK, #488 PTB *k-(r/l)aw THROAT / PALATE, #489 PTB *k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k-rwa(k/ŋ) THROAT, #491 PTB *grey-k THROAT, #493 PTB *kak THROAT, #494 PTB *ka THROAT / NECK, #495 PTB *kwa THROAT / NECK, #3361 PTB *gwaŋ NECK / THROAT, and #5651 PTB *ku NECK / THROAT.

It is highly likely that some of these etyma are allofams of each other. It is equally likely that a given supporting form may have been assigned to the wrong etymon. However, on the basis of the available data, this may be the best that can be done at this point.

Reflexes & cognates83 reflexes · 17 subgroups

1.1.2Deng8

Kaman [Miju]go³¹ɹoŋ³⁵ ‘throat’Sun H 80 MLD
Idueprefix◦rõ◦gu#5651 PTB *ku ‘NECK / THROAT’ ‘Adam's apple’Pulu 78
Idueprefix◦rõ◦lõ#499 PTB *lwam ‘THROAT’ ‘Adam's apple’Pulu 78
Idueprefix◦rõ◦lõ#499 PTB *lwam ‘THROAT’ ‘gullet’Pulu 78
Idueprefix◦rõ◦lõ#499 PTB *lwam ‘THROAT’ ‘throat’Pulu 78

1.2.2Central Chin6

Lushai [Mizo]hrok ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]hrok bawkmorpheme ‘Adam's apple’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]hrok-hrawlmorpheme ‘larynx; windpipe’Matisoff 87 BP

1.2.4“Old Kuki”5

Kom Remleprefix◦r̥ok ‘neck / throat’Toba 91 KRQ: 4
Kom Remleprefix◦r̥ok intʰiŋmorpheme ‘swollen lymph nodes (in neck)’Toba 91 KRQ: 4.1.2
Kom Remreprefix◦r̥ok ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Toba 91 KRQ: 4.2
Moyonlrʌ́k ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Kosha 90: 4.2
Moyonrəŋmorpheme◦roʔ ‘adam's apple / larynx’Kosha 90: 4.1.4

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)3

Ao (Chungli)teprefix◦rok ‘throat’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)tə³prefix-ɹuk³ n.‘throat’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Ao (Chungli)³tɯprefix³rok ‘throat’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1041

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Khezhakò̵ro̵ ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Yabu 94 Khö: 4.2

1.3.4Tangkhulic12

*Tangkhulicrok ‘throat / larynx / voice’Mortensen 12 Tk: 583
Kachaiʔamorpheme-rɐk-ʃe ‘throat’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.106
Tangkhulāprefix◦rok◦ramorpheme ‘windpipe; pharynx; throat; larynx’Matisoff 87 BP: 99
Tangkhulkhaprefix◦rok ‘throat’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhulkhaprefix◦rok ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP
Tangkhulkhaprefix◦rok ‘Adam's apple / larynx / glottis’Matisoff 87 BP
Tangkhulkhaprefix◦rok ‘windpipe; pharynx; throat; larynx’Matisoff 87 BP: 99
Tangkhulrok ‘throat’Bhat 69 TNV: 99
Tangkhul¹əprefix¹khəprefix¹rok ‘throat’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1041
Tusomʔɯmorpheme-kʰmorpheme-ru ‘throat’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.117
Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-rok ‘larynx’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Dimasagarang ‘throat’Marrison 67 Naga

1.7.1.4Deori1

Deori/Deurigarõ ‘throat (inside) [see ditõ]’Jacquesson 05 Deuri

2.1.2.1Tibetan1

Tibetan (Jirel)bāmorpheme◦gārok ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

3.3.1rGyalrong3

rGyalrongtəprefix khruŋ khruŋ ‘throat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 249.12
rGyalrongkhrung khrung ‘throat’Nagano 97 GyQ: 4.2
rGyalrongkhrung khrung ‘windpipe’Nagano 97 GyQ: 4.2.1

4Nungic5

Trung [Dulong]ts̥əprefix◦k³² ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP
Trung [Dulong]ts̥ʻəprefix◦k³²hɹa⁴² ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP
Trung [Dulong]tɕi³¹morphemexɹɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵ ‘throat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 249.46
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)tɕi³¹morpheme xɹɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵ ‘throat’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɯ³¹morpheme xɹɑ̆ʔ⁵⁵ ‘throat’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish33

*Burmesekhroŋ ‘throat’Okell 71
Arakanesehkraùn ‘throat’Okell 71
Bolakʰjauŋ³⁵ ‘throat’Dai 89 Bola: 168
Burmese (Rangoon)ɑ²²prefixkhɑ̃u²² n‘throat’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0141.27
Burmese (Written)khron̊: ‘throat’Okell 71
Burmese (Written)khrôŋ ‘windpipe / trachea’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)khrôŋ ‘windpipe’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)khyôŋ ‘windpipe / trachea’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)khyôŋ ‘windpipe’Benedict 76 WBur
Lashikhjuŋ⁵⁵ ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Dai 89 Lash: 4.2
Maru [Langsu]khjauŋ³⁵ ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Dai 89 Lang: 4.2
Maru [Langsu]khjauŋ³⁵ ‘throat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 249.43
Maru [Langsu]khyaūng ‘throat’Okell 71
Tavoyanhcòn ‘throat’Okell 71
Tavoyanhkòn ‘throat’Okell 71
Atsi [Zaiwa]khjuŋ²¹ ‘throat’Xu 84 Zaiwa
Atsi [Zaiwa]khjuŋ²¹ ‘throat’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 249.42

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishʔprefix-kroŋ² ‘throat’Bradley 79 PLo: 105A

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #489, *k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k-rwa(k/ŋ) ‘THROAT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/489
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-489,
  title  = {{*k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k-rwa(k/ŋ) 'THROAT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #489},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/489}
}