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STEDT #486

*l-kwak

THROAT / NECK
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlekokprefixlinitialkrhymeokcoverK · T

Connections

Poss. allofam*k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k-rwa(k/ŋ) ‘THROAT’

Notes

The Karbi and Meithei forms with kr- clusters may well have arisen by metathesis from the *liquid prefix and *velar root initial.

In line with the frequently noted tendency of words meaning NECK / THROAT to have velar initials, we have reconstructed no fewer than eleven etyma with initial velars or velar clusters: #389 PTB *s/r-gwa-n NECK / NAPE, #481 PTB *s/m-key-k NECK, #486 PTB *l-kwak THROAT / NECK, #488 PTB *k-(r/l)aw THROAT / PALATE, #489 PTB *k/s-raw(k/ŋ) ⪤ *k-rwa(k/ŋ) THROAT, #491 PTB *grey-k THROAT, #493 PTB *kak THROAT, #494 PTB *ka THROAT / NECK, #495 PTB *kwa THROAT / NECK, #3361 PTB *gwaŋ NECK / THROAT, and #5651 PTB *ku NECK / THROAT.

It is highly likely that some of these etyma are allofams of each other. It is equally likely that a given supporting form may have been assigned to the wrong etymon. However, on the basis of the available data, this may be the best that can be done at this point.

Reflexes & cognates70 reflexes · 13 subgroups

1.4Meithei1

Meitheikrek#491 PTB *grey-k ‘THROAT’ kruk ‘Adam's apple / larynx / glottis’Matisoff 87 BP

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

Bunankog◦masuffix ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 4.2

2.1.2Bodic1

Kurtöpkoʔ◦masuffix ‘neck’Weidert 87 TBTo: 966

2.1.2.1Tibetan6

Tibetan (Spiti)kʰo◦pasuffix ‘throat’Sharma, S.R. 79 Sp
Tibetan (Written)'og-masuffix ‘throat / neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)lkog-masuffix ‘neck’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)lkog-masuffix ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Written)lkog-masuffix ‘esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP

2.3.3Central Kiranti3

Dumighok◦tamorpheme ‘throat’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 182
Dumighok◦tamorpheme ‘oesophagus, inside of the throat.’Driem 93 Dumi

2.3.4Western Kiranti2

Sunwar'kuːk◦ku#5651 PTB *ku ‘NECK / THROAT’ ‘throat / gullet / esophagus’Matisoff 87 BP

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang9

Chepangguk ‘throat’Matisoff 87 BP
Chepangguk n.‘throat, pharynx’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangguk syəwʔmorpheme- vi.‘catch (of throat - as when liquid goes down wrong way)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangguk yupmorpheme- vi.‘choked, blocked (throat), unable to speak’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang (Eastern)guk ‘throat / gullet / pharynx’Caughley 90 CheQ: 4.2

6.1.2Loloish2

Lolophoɒ⁴⁴prefix kɤ̱⁴⁴ lɤ̱⁴⁴#3412 PTB *lwak ‘LARYNX’ ‘adam's apple / larynx’Dai 89 Lolo: 4.1.4

6.1.2.2Central Loloish12

Lahu (Black)qá#493 PTB *kak ‘THROAT’-qə̂ʔ-lə̂ʔ#3412 PTB *lwak ‘LARYNX’ ‘larnyx / Adam's apple’The immediate ancestor of Lahu qá- would be PLB *ʔgak.Matisoff 88 DL

7Karenic28

*Karen (Pwo)khòʔ ‘neck’Jones 61: 399
*Karen (Sgaw)kɔ̀ʔ ‘neck’Jones 61: 399
Bwegɔ̀ ‘neck’Weidert 87 TBTo: 966
Bwegɔ̀ n‘neck, throat’Henderson 97 Kar
Bwegɔ̀ ɓɔ́morpheme n‘whole of the throat’Henderson 97 Kar
Bwegɔ̀ ʃámorpheme n‘nape of the neck’Henderson 97 Kar
Gebagɔ³ ‘neck’Luce 85: E.55
Karenkho³¹dze³³morpheme n‘neck’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0089.50
Palaychikó ‘neck’Jones 61: 399
Pwo (Tenasserim)kʻᴜʔ²- ‘neck’Luce 85: E.55
Pwo (Delta)kʻᴜʔ¹ ‘neck’Luce 85: E.55
Sgawkoʔ⁵ ‘neck’Luce 85: E.55
Sgawkɔʔ⁵ ‘neck’Luce 85: E.55
Sgaw¹koʔ ‘neck’Weidert 87 TBTo: 966
Sgaw (Bassein)kɔ̀ʔ ‘neck’Jones 61: 399
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)kʰo³¹ dze³³morpheme ‘neck’Dai 89 KarB: 115

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #486, *l-kwak ‘THROAT / NECK’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/486
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-486,
  title  = {{*l-kwak 'THROAT / NECK'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #486},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/486}
}