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STEDT #625

*s-lyam

TONGUE / LICK / FLAME
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handles/m-lyprefixs/minitiallyrhymeam ⪤ s/mcoverL · NS

Intermediate reconstructions

Kiranti*lem ‘TONGUE’
Karenic*hlɛmᴮ ‘PUT OUT (THE TONGUE)’TL#231

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*s-lyam ‘tongue / flame’p. 299
See alsoFLAME

Chinese comparandum

炎 OC *di̯ɑm, GSR #617a-b ‘blaze, blazing’; Schuessler 2007:552-3 *lam; Mand. yán.
燄 OC *di̯ɑm, GSR #617c ‘flame up’; Schuessler 2007:553 *lamʔ; Mand. yàn.
舔 OC (*t’iem:), (not in GSR #1247) ‘lick, taste’; Coblin 86:103 ST *+hƚiam > PC *hliamx > OC *thiamx; Schuessler 2007:496-7 *lhîm; B & S 2011: (*l̥ˁimʔ {l̥ˁ[i]mʔ}); Mand. tiǎn.

Reflexes & cognates71 reflexes · 18 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanhl+iam ‘lick / tongue / flame’Coblin 86: 103

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2

*Tibeto-Burman(s-)lyam ‘lick / tongue / flame’Coblin 86: 103
*Tibeto-Burmans-lyam ‘tongue / flame’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 601

1.1.2Deng5

Darang [Taraon]tha:prefix-lyang-na:morpheme ‘tongue’Anonymous xx Tar
Darang [Taraon]thaːprefix-lyang-naːmorpheme ‘tongue’Matisoff 87 BP
Darang [Taraon]thɯ³¹prefixliɯŋ⁵³nɑ³⁵morpheme nbp‘tongue’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0139.22
Darang [Taraon]thɯ³¹prefixliɯ⁵³nɑ³⁵morpheme ‘tongue’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 245.49
Darang [Taraon]tʰɯ³¹prefix liɯŋ⁵³ nɑ³⁵morpheme ‘tongue’Sun H 80 MLD

2.1.1Western Himalayish5

Kanaurilem ‘lick’Coblin 86: 103
Kanaurilĕm◦migʻmorpheme (-momorpheme) vt‘lick’Bailey 11
Theborlem ‘lick’Coblin 86: 103

2.1.3Lepcha2

Lepchaăprefix-lim n‘flame’Benedict 72 STC: 48n158
Lepchalim ‘flame up (as fire)’Benedict 72 STC: 48n158

2.1.4Tamangish10

Gurung (Ghachok)lẽh◦basuffix ‘lick’Glover 72 GuVo: 3.B.7
Manang (Gyaru)lᴇn² basuffix V‘lick’Nagano 84 Man: 084
Tamang (Sahu)lehm-pamorpheme v.‘lick’Taylor 72 TmVo: 14.7
Tamang (Sahu)lehm-pā(m)morpheme v‘lick’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.07
Thakalilehm-lamorpheme v‘lick’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.07
Thakali (Tukche)lehm-lɔmorpheme ‘lick’Hari 71a ThVo: 3.B.7

2.3Kiranti3

Khambulem ‘tongue’Coblin 86: 103

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti4

Yakhalem ‘tongue’Coblin 86: 103
Yakhalɛm ‘tongue’Kohn 90: 3.8
Yamphulem n‘tongue’Rutgers 98: 553.11

2.3.2Southern Kiranti8

Bantawalem ‘tongue’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawalem ‘tongue’Rai 84 BnDc: 44
Chamlinglem ‘tongue’Winter 85: 22
Kulunglemˍ ‘tongue’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti4

Dumileːm ‘tongue’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 186
Dumileːm ‘tongue’Driem 93 Dumi
Khalinglem ‘tongue’Matisoff 87 BP

2.3.4Western Kiranti9

Bahingliam ‘tongue’Coblin 86: 103
HayuliːM◦gamorpheme ‘tongue’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 186
Hayulĩː◦gamorpheme ‘tongue’Matisoff 87 BP
Thulunglem ‘tongue’Allen 75
Thulunglep- v.‘lick’Perhaps, stop-final allofam of #625 PTB *s-lyam TONGUE / LICK / FLAME.Allen 75

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang7

Chepanglemh- vt.‘lick’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepanglemh.sāmorpheme v‘lick’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.07
Chepanglemʰ-samorpheme ‘lick’Caughley 72 CVoc: 3.B.7
Chepang (Eastern)lemh◦naʔmorpheme ‘lick’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.8.4
Khamlep-nyāmorpheme v‘lick’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.07
Khamlep-nyamorpheme v.‘lick’Watters 89 KhQ: 3.B.7

6.1.1Burmish2

Burmese (Written)əprefix-hlyaṁ n‘coruscation of flame’Benedict 76 WBur
Burmese (Written)əprefix-hlyaṁ ‘coruscation of flame’Coblin 86: 103

7Karenic9

*Karenhlɛmᴮ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Kayanljaŋ¹¹ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Kayawli¹¹ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Pa-O (Southern)lɛm³³ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Pa-O (Northern)lɛm⁵⁵ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Pwo (Northern)lãi³³ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Pwo (Southern)lãi⁵⁵ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Sgaw (Northern)le³¹˜ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231
Sgaw (Southern)li⁴⁵’ ‘put out (the tongue)’Luangthongkum 13: 231

9Sinitic1

"Pre-Chinese"hliamx ‘lick / tongue / flame’Coblin 86: 103

9.0.1Old Chinese1

Chinese (Old)thiamx ‘lick / tongue / flame’Coblin 86: 103

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

9.0.3Modern Chinese3

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #625, *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/625
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB p. 299, STC p.48
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-625,
  title  = {{*s-lyam 'TONGUE / LICK / FLAME'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #625},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/625}
}