STEDT
STEDT #629

*m/s/g-lyak

LICK / TONGUE
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlelyakprefixminitiallyrhymeak ⪤ s-lcoverL · VLTS

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*liak-I, liaʔ-II ‘LICK / LAP’PKC #1030
Central Naga (Ao Group)*m-ljak ‘LICK’PCN #258
Tangkhulic*lek ‘LICK’DRM#558
Lolo-Burmese*m-lyak ⪤ *ʔ-lyak ‘LICK’
Loloish*m-lyakᴸ ‘LICK’

Connections

HPTB*m/s-lyak ‘lick / tongue / eat (of animals) / feed (animals)’pp. 23, 48, 80, 81, 92, 124, 137, 153, 323, 327, 528

Notes

Several languages (Sani, Nocte, some Tibetan dialects) have a dental stop instead of the lateral. Written Tibetan has a doublet ldag ‘lick’ ⪤ ldz̀ags ‘tongue, lick’.

Chinese comparandum

OC *gʼi̯ɑk ~ g’i̯ok, GSR #803h ‘tongue’; Coblin 86:102 *; Schuessler 2007: *; B & S 2011: *Cə.leʔ; Mand. shì.
OC *d̑i̯ək, GSR #921a-c ‘eat’; Schuessler 2007:463 *m-lək; B & S 2011: *mə-lək; Mand. shí.
/ OC *dzi̯əg, GSR #921a-c ‘food; give food to; raise, nourish’; Schuessler 2007:463 *s-ləkh; B & S 2011: *s-m-lək-s; Mand. .

Reflexes & cognates437 reflexes · 52 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanliek ‘lick / tongue’Coblin 86: 102

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)9

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak ‘lick / tongue’Coblin 86: 103
*Tibeto-Burman(m-)lyak ⪤ (s-)lyak ‘tongue / lick’Benedict 72 STC: 211
*Tibeto-Burman(m-)lyɑk~(s-)lyak ‘lick / tongue’Chou 72: 288a
*Tibeto-Burmanm-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ‘lick’LaPolla 87: 137
*Tibeto-Burmanm-lyak~s-lyak v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105
*Tibeto-Burmanm/s-lyak ‘lick / tongue / eat (of animals) / feed (animals)’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 601

1.1.1.1Western Tani15

Apatani(a)prefixljaʔ ‘lick’Sun J 93 Tani
Apataniljà ‘lick’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatani²lyaʔ (²) v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 647
Bengnimorpheme-rjak ‘lick’Sun J 93 Tani
Bokarjak ‘lick’Sun J 93 Tani
Galorag ‘lick’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoragnamsuffix vt.‘lick’GLDC 09 Galo
Galorak-namsuffix v‘licking’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoyag ‘lick’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoyak-namsuffix v‘licking’Das Gupta 63 Gal
Galoˆ yag- v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 647

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani5

Damujak-ramorpheme ‘lick’Sun J 93 Tani
Milangyak-ɟuŋmorpheme ‘licking’Tayeng 76 Mil
Mishing [Miri]yak ‘tongue / lick’Benedict 72 STC: 211

1.1.2Deng12

Darang [Taraon]lio⁵³ ‘lick’Sun H 80 MLD
Kaman [Miju]lo⁵³ ‘lick’Sun H 80 MLD
Kaman [Miju]tʌ́morpheme-lɔ̂ʔ v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1127
Iduaprefixȴagasuffix ‘lick’Pulu 78
Iduha⁵⁵morphememɹe⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 IduQ: 3.8.4
Iduhɑ⁵⁵morphememɹe⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.50
Yiduhɑ⁵⁵morpheme mɹe⁵⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.25

1.2Kuki-Chin2

*Chinliak-I, liaʔ-II ‘LICK / LAP’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030
Analmorpheme-ìmorpheme-líi v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 647

1.2.1.1Northern Chin6

Sizangleak‘lick’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030
Thadolîeʔ-I, lìe-II ‘lick’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030
Tiddimliak¹ > lia?³ v‘lick’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 942
Tiddimliak¹ > liaʔ³ ‘lick’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030
Tiddimliak¹/liaʔ³ ‘lick’Bhaskararao 94 TCV

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Ashomlɛ̀ʔ-ɛ́isuffix v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1043
Khumiplee ‘lick up’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030

1.2.2Central Chin9

Lai (Hakha)liak-I, liaʔ-II ‘lick, lap’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030
Lai (Falam)lîak-I, lìaʔ-II ‘lick, lap’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030
Lushai [Mizo]liak ‘tongue / lick’Benedict 72 STC: 211
Lushai [Mizo]lîak-I, lìah-II v‘lick, to lap, to lap up’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030

1.2.3Maraic1

Lakher [Mara]pā-lí ‘lick, lap’VanBik 09 PKC: 1030

1.2.4“Old Kuki”4

Kom Remməlik ‘lick’Toba 91 KRQ: 3.8.4
Lamkangkʌpʌmorphemelìik v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 647
Moyonnriʔ ~ nríʔ ‘lick’Kosha 90: 3.8.4

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)20

*Aom-ljak ‘LICK’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.382
Ao (Chungli)menakdangmorpheme v‘taste’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)mə³nak³ v.‘lick’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.382
Ao (Chungli)³mɯ³nak v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1043
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)məlak v.‘lick [licked]’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagam̩¹-jak²- v.‘lick’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.258
Lotha Nagamyakasuffix ‘lick’Murry 78: 67
Lotha NagaNprefixmhakasuffix ‘lick’Nienu 90 LotQ: 3.8.4
Sangtammüya ‘lick’Marrison 67 Naga
Sangtammüyathingmorpheme v‘taste’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrü²mɯ²leak ([¹]) v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 647

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group9

Angami (Kohima)me³¹ yo¹¹ ‘lick’Nienu 90 AngQ: 3.8.4
Chokrimü³¹yo¹¹ ‘lick’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.8.4
Khezhamèzo v.‘lick’Yabu 94 Khö: 3.8.4
Maomalei ‘lick’Marrison 67 Naga
Mao¹ma⁵lei v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1043
Sema [Sumi]min(e/a) v‘lick’Achumi 98: 3.8.4

1.3.3Zeme Group5

Liangmeimalǐ̱ak v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 647
Zemeniak ‘lick’Marrison 67 Naga
Zeme³keprefix¹nprefix³niak v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1043

1.3.4Tangkhulic12

Huishumorpheme-mə-leʔ ‘lick’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.076
Kachaikʰəmorpheme-mə-lek v.‘lick’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.085
Tangkhulkhəprefixməlek ‘lick’LaPolla 87: 137
Tangkhulkhəprefixməlek ‘tongue / lick’Benedict 72 STC: 211
Tangkhulkhəprefixməlek ‘lick’Coblin 86: 103
Tangkhulmalek ‘lick’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhul¹khə¹məprefix²lek v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1043
Tusomkʰəmorpheme-morpheme-lɯə ‘lick’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.096
Ukhrulkʰəprefix-mə-lek ‘lick’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.4Meithei2

Meitheileksuffix v.‘lick’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.8.4

1.5Mikir [Karbi]6

Mikir [Karbi]ingprefixlek ‘lick’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]ingprefixlèk- v.‘lick’Grüssner 79 BP: 28
Mikir [Karbi]inprefixlek ‘lick’Marrison 67 Naga
Mikir [Karbi]prefixlek ‘lick’LaPolla 87: 137
Mikir [Karbi]prefixlek ‘tongue / lick’Benedict 72 STC: 211
Mikir [Karbi]kaŋmorphemelèk v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1043

1.7.1.2Garo5

Garosrak ‘lick’LaPolla 87: 137
Garosrak ‘tongue / lick’Benedict 72 STC: 211
Garosrak ‘lick’Coblin 86: 103
Garosrak-amorpheme v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1127

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongsa•lak- v‘lick’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte3

Nocteleipmorphemedak ‘lick’Marrison 67 Naga
Nocteleʌpmorpheme-dʌk v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1127
Tangsa¹mel v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1127

1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang5

Changse ‘lick’French 83: 511
Khiamngan¹²aprefix²³šɪ v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1127
Konyakyai ‘lick’French 83: 511

1.7.3.1Jingpho7

Jingphomă³¹ ta̱ʔ⁵⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.19
Jingphomă³¹ta̱ʔ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.47
Jingphomă¹ta̱ʔ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Liu 84
Jingphomətáʔ ‘lick’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 372
Jingpho¹mə|³taʔ v.‘lick’Weidert 87 TBTo: 1127

1.7.3.2Asakian4

Ganantɑk⁴ v.‘lick’Luce 85: L.279
Kadu (Kantu)ăprefixtɑk⁴ v.‘lick’Luce 85: L.279
Sak (Bawtala)ă¹prefixtɑ⁴ v.‘lick’Luce 85: L.279
Sakáprefixtaʔ ‘lick’Huziwara 08 Sak: 84

2.1.1Western Himalayish4

Bunanlakcamorpheme ‘lick’Sharma, S.R. 91 Bu: 3.8.4
Pattani [Manchati]yagtʃimorpheme v.‘lick’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH
Pattani [Manchati]yàktsimorpheme ‘lick’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 3.8.4
Pattani [Manchati]yəkʰtʃimorpheme v.‘lick’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH

2.1.2Bodic5

Baimandʒɑ⁵³ ‘lick’Sun H 91 Baim: 3.8.4
Tshona (Wenlang)ŋlɑk³⁵ ‘lick’Lu 86 CuoM
Tshona (Mama)klᴀ¹³ ‘lick’Sun H 80 MLD
Cuona Menbakla³⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan30

Sherpacelaq ‘tongue’Matisoff 87 BP
Sherpacelā̱q ‘tongue’Matisoff 87 BP
Tibetan (Sherpa:Helambu)dagenmorpheme ‘lick’Bishop 89: 3.8.4
Sherpatšēlakʔ ‘tongue’Weidert 87 TBTo: 822
Spitidàkcemorpheme ‘lick’Bodh 91: 3.8.4
Tibetan (Written)ldag-pasuffix v.‘lick’Luce 85: X.102
Tibetan (Written)ldz̀ags ‘tongue / lick’Benedict 72 STC: 211
Tibetan (Written)ljags ‘tongue (resp.)’Matisoff 87 BP
"Pre-Tibetan"lyags ‘lick / tongue’Coblin 86: 103

2.1.3Lepcha1

Lepchalyak v.‘taste, try’Benedict 72 STC: 211

2.1.4Tamangish1

Chantyallɦemorpheme ‘lick’Noonan 92: 3.8.4

2.3Kiranti1

*Kirantilak- (?*lek- v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti7

Athpare (Rai)leg-uemorpheme ‘lick’Ebert 97 Athpare
Athpare (Rai)lekmamorpheme ‘lick’Ebert 97 Athpare
Athpare (Rai)lekphamorpheme ‘tongue’Ebert 97 Athpare
Limbulak- v.‘lick’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Yakhaleːkmaːmorpheme ‘lick’Kohn 90: 3.8.4

2.3.2Southern Kiranti9

Bantawalek ‘lick’Rai 85 BnDs
Bantawalek- v.t.‘lick’Rai 84 BnDc: 44
Chamlinglek-usuffix v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105
Chamlinglik-(u)suffix ‘lick’Winter 85: 23
Chamlinglik-usuffix v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105
Chamlinglyok-usuffix v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105
Kulunglok-usuffix v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105
Kulunglok-usuffix v.‘lick’Rai 75 Kul

2.3.3Central Kiranti4

Dumilyək- v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105
Dumilyəkmorpheme ‘lick’Driem 93 Dumi
Khaling'la-nemorpheme v‘lick’Hale 73 CSD: 03b.07
Khaling√lak- v.‘lick’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 105

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepanghlyak- vi.‘lick (B)’Caughley 00 Chepang

3.1Tangut1

3.2Qiangic25

Ersugɛ⁵⁵ gɛ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersugɛ⁵⁵gɛ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.18
Guiqionglɑ⁵⁵ lɑ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 GuiQ
Guiqionglɑ⁵⁵lɑ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.17
Muyathi³³morphemendʑuɐ⁵³læ³³morpheme v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.15
Muya [Minyak]thi⁵³morphemendʑyɛ⁵⁵lɛ³³morpheme ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.15
Muya [Minyak]tʰi⁵³morphemendʑyɛ⁵⁵lɛ³³morpheme v.‘lick’Sun H 91 MuyQ: 3.8.4
Namuyijɛ³³ v.‘lick’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.8.4
Namuyijɛ³³ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.19
Namuyijæ³¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.46
Pumi (Jiulong)tɕu¹¹morpheme ndʐɛ³⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.10
Pumi (Lanping)xə¹³morphemetʂɑ¹³ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.09
Pumi (Qinghua)xə¹³morpheme tʂɑ¹³ ‘lick’Lu 83 Pumi
Pumi (Qinghua)xə¹³morphemetʂɑ¹³ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.11
Pumi (Taoba)dʐɛ³⁵ ‘lick’Lu 83 Pumi
Qiang (Mawo)ni morpheme ‘lick’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.8.4
Qiang (Mawo)ȵitamorpheme ‘lick’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Yadu)ȵe temorpheme ‘lick’Dai 89 Qian: 2401
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lo³⁵morpheme pu⁵⁵morpheme dʐɯ⁵³ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 3.8.4
Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]lo³⁵morphemepu⁵⁵morphemedʐɯ⁵³ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.16
Queyu (Xinlong)ɣɯ¹³morphemepur⁵⁵morphemedʑyə¹³ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.13
Xumitɕhyɛ³⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ShiQ
Xumitɕhyɛ³⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.20

3.3rGyalrongic4

Ergong (Daofu)daprefix ʔʑɑ v.‘lick’Dai 89 Daof: 3.8.4
Ergong (Danba)ȵɣia lamorpheme v.‘lick’Sun H 91 ErDQ: 3.8.4
Ergong (Danba)ȵɤia lamorpheme ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.14

3.3.1rGyalrong8

rGyalrongkaprefix prefix ntsok ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.12
rGyalrong (NW)kaprefix rdax ‘lick’Sun H 91 rNW: 3.8.4
rGyalrong (Eastern)kaprefixprefixntsop ‘lick’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.8.4
rGyalrong (Maerkang)prefix prefix ntsok v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.11
rGyalrongtaprefixnətsok v.‘lick’Dai 89 Jiar: 3.8.4
rGyalrong (Northern)prefixwumorpheme prefixntsək ‘lick’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.8.4
rGyalrongkaprefix nuprefix zok ‘lick’Nagano 97 GyQ: 180
rGyalrongkaprefix nuprefix zok v‘lick’Nagano 97 GyQ: 3.8.4

4Nungic11

Anongla ~ ‘lick’LaPolla 87: 137
Anongla ~ ‘lick’Coblin 86: 103
Anonglaŋ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun J 88 Ano
Nunglɑ⁵⁵ŋu³¹morpheme v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.21
Anonglɑ⁵⁵ŋu³¹morpheme ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.44
Dulonglɑʔ⁵⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.20

5Tujia8

Tujia (Northern)la2 vt.‘lap, lick’Brassett 04 Tujia
Tujiala³⁵ ‘lick’Chen 86 TuBQ: 3.8.4
Tujia (Northern)la³⁵ ‘lick’Tian 86
Tujiala³⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.49
Tujiala³⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.38
Tujialo²¹ ‘lick’Chen 86 TuMQ: 3.8.4
Tujia (Southern)lo²¹ ‘lick’Tian 86

6.1Lolo-Burmese3

*Lolo-Burmesem-lyakʔ-lyak ‘lick’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 179(a)
*Lolo-Burmeseʔ-m-(l)yakᴸ ‘lick’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 80
*Lolo-Burmeseʔlyak ‘cause to lick’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 179(b)

6.1.1Burmish47

Achang (Lianghe)liɑ³¹ ‘lick’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Lianghe)l̥iɑ³¹ ‘lick’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)leʔ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)liap⁵⁵ ‘lick’note -pDai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Longchuan)liap⁵⁵; leʔ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.41
Achang (Luxi)liaʔ³¹ ‘lick’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Xiandao)lɛʔ⁵⁵ ‘lick’Dai 89 Xian: 2301
Achang (Xiandao)lɛʔ⁵⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.29
Bolajaʔ³¹ ‘lick’Dai 89 Bola: 2301
Bola (Luxi)jaʔ³¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.32
Burmese (Spoken)yɛʔ² v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Danuyɛʔ² v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Hpun (Metjo)zoʔ⁵ v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Hpun (Metjo)zᴜʔ⁵ v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Langsu (Luxi)jɔʔ³¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.31
Lashijɔ:ʔ³¹ v.‘lick’Dai 89 Lash: 3.8.4
Lashi (Lachhe')yɔʔ² v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Lashi (Lachhe')yɔʔ³ v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Leqi (Luxi)jɔːʔ³¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.33
Maru [Langsu]jɔʔ³¹ v.‘lick’Dai 89 Lang: 3.8.4
Maru [Langsu]yoʔ² v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Maru [Langsu]yɔʔ² v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Taung-Yoyæʔ¹ v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Atsi [Zaiwa]joʔ²¹ ‘lick’Xu 84 Zaiwa
Atsi [Zaiwa]yɔʔ² v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35

6.1.2Loloish4

*Loloishm-lyakᴸ ‘lick’Bradley 79 PLo: 630
*Loloishm-lyakᴸ ‘lick’Hansson 89 AHKP: 578
Lolophola³¹ v.‘lick’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.8.4
PNLm-lyakᴸ ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish41

Gazhuolɤ⁵³ ‘lick’Dai 91 TB15
Gazhuolɤ⁵³ ‘lick’Dai 87 Gazh
Gazhuolɤ⁵³ v.‘lick’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.8.4
Gazhuolɤ⁵³ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.47
Lalolàq ‘lick’Björverud 94
Lalola̱² ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Lalola²¹ v.‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Liphola̱² ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Liphola̱²¹ ‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Nasule̱ṟ⁵⁵ v.‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Nasulɚ̱⁵⁵ ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Neisulɪ¹³ ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Nesula̱² ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Nesule̱²¹ v.‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Noesulɪ¹³ ‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Nosuʑo̱⁵⁵ ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Nosuʑo⁵⁵ ‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Nusu (Central)lia̱⁵³ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.34
Nusu (Northern)liɑ̱³¹ ‘lick’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)liɔ̱⁵³ ‘lick’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)ʔliɑ⁵³ ‘lick’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)le¹³ ‘lick’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Liangshan)ʑo⁵⁵ ‘lap up; lick’Ma 08 Yi: index
Yi (Lishan)læ̱³¹ ‘lick’Dai 87 Gazh
Yi (Mile)ɬᴀ̱²¹ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.25
Yi (Nanhua)læ̱²¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.37
Yi (Nanjian)la²¹ ‘lick’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Wuding)lɚ̱⁵⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.38
Yi (Xide)tᴇ³³ ‘lick / lap’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ɕo⁵⁵ ‘lick / lap’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)ʑo⁵⁵ ‘lick’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)ʑo⁵⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.35
Yi (Xide)ʑo⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish41

Lolo (Ni)shlá v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Ahiđ̱a̱² ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Ahiɬa̱²¹ ‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Ahiɬɑ̱²¹ v.‘lick’Luo 90: 3.8.4
Jinuomrə⁵⁵ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.44
Jinuomɹa⁵⁵ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.34
Jinuo (Youle)mɹə⁵⁵ ‘lick’Gai 86
Kucongliɛ31 ‘lick’Dai 09 Kucong
Lahulɛ̀ʔ/lɛ́ ‘lick, feed an animal’Benedict 72 STC: 48n157
Lahu (Lancang)ɕɔ³³morphemelɛ²¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.43
Lahu (Black)lɛ́ ‘cause to lick’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 80
Lahu (Black)lɛ́ ‘cause to lick’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 372
Lahu (Black)lɛ́ ‘cause to lick’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 179(b)
Lahu (Black)lɛʔ²¹ ‘lick’Chang 86
Lahu (Black)shawːmorphemeleh˰ v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Lahu (Yellow)lɛʔ²¹ ‘lick’Chang 86
Lisulrghe⁶ ‘lick’Bradley 79 PLo: 630
Lisu (Theng-yüeh)lrghe⁶ v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Lisu (Central)lrghe⁶ v.‘lick’Fraser 22
Lisu (Northern)lɤʔ²¹ V‘lick; taste’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Putao)lɤʔ⁶ v.‘lick’Luce 85: U.35
Lisulɯ̱³¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.40
Lisu (Nujiang)lɯ̱⁴² ‘lick’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisulɯ⁴¹ ‘lick’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 537.27
Sani [Nyi]lha 22s ‘cause to lick’Matisoff 72 LTSR: 179(b)
Sani [Nyi]đ̱a² ‘lick’Chen 86 CS: 93.
Sani [Nyi]ɬa²² ‘lick’Chen 86 Yi: 3.8.4
Sani [Nyi]ɬa̱²² ‘lick’Ma 89 SanQ: 359.1
Sani [Nyi]ɬa̱²² dzɑ²¹morpheme ‘lick’Wu 84: 108.1
Sani [Nyi]ɬA̱²¹(dzɒ²¹morpheme) ‘lick’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ɬa³³ ‘tongue’Chen 86 CS: 27.

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish26

Akhamjə̀q ‘lick’Hansson 89 AHKP: 578
Bisubɛ̀ ‘lick’Bradley 9x Bisu
Bisubɛ̀ v‘lick’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 32
Hani (Dazhai)mjɤ̄³¹ ‘lick’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Mpimjɑŋʔ³ ‘stick out (one's tongue)’Srinuan 76
Mpimjɑŋʔ¹ ‘lick’Hansson 89 AHKP: 578
Mpimjɑŋʔ¹ ‘lick’Matisoff 78 MLBM: 80
Mpimjɑŋʔ¹ ‘lick’Srinuan 76
Pyenlɛ45 v.‘lick with tip of tongue’Shintani 09 Pyen: 132035

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish2

Azhaha³³ ‘lick’Pelkey 11 Phula: 603
Pholalæ̠²³ ‘lick’Pelkey 11 Phula: 603

6.2Naxi7

Na (Yongning)jɤ˧˥ v.‘lick’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxiiə²¹ v.‘lick / lap’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1674.45
Naxi (Eastern)ʑə³³ ‘lick’He 85
Naxi (Western)ʑə³¹ ‘lick’He 85

7Karenic6

Bwe v.‘lick’Henderson 97 Kar
Pa-Olják v‘lick: lap, of animals’Solnit 89 PaO
Pa-Olják v.t.‘taste / lick’Jones 61: 293
Pa-Olyak (h.t.) ‘lick’Benedict 72 STC: 141n379
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)ɔ³¹morpheme li̱⁵⁵ ‘lick’Dai 89 KarB: 2401

8Bai5

Bai (Bijiang)dʐẽʴ³³ ‘lick’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Dali)tsi³³ ‘lick’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Jianchuan)tsi³³ ‘lick’Xu 84 Bai
Bai (Jianchuan)tsɿ³³ v.‘lick’Zhao 90: 3.8.4

9.0.1Old Chinese4

Chinese (Old/Mid)gʻi̯ok ‘lick / tongue’Chou 72: 803h
Chinese (Old/Mid)gʼi̯ɑk/gʼi̯ɑk ‘tongue’Karlgren 57 GSR: 803h
Chinese (Old)gʻi̯ok ‘lick / tongue’Chou 72: 803h
Chinese (Old)rigx (?) ‘lick / tongue’Coblin 86: 102

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #629, *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/629
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: STC#211
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-629,
  title  = {{*m/s/g-lyak 'LICK / TONGUE'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #629},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/629}
}