Reconstruction analysis
handles/m-lprefixs/minitiall(y)rhymea-tcoverL · VT
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
Allofams
HPTB*s-l(y)a ‘tongue’pp. 50, 165, 171, 215, 487, 511
Notes
The present allofam of this complex word family has reflexes both with open -a and with a -t final. The latter variant is attested in Jingpho, Lepcha, Magar, Limbu, and Chinese.
Chinese comparandum
舌 OC *d̑ʼi̯ɑt, GSR #288a ‘tongue’; B & S 2011: *mə.lat; Mand. shé.
Reflexes & cognates198 reflexes · 22 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2
*Tibeto-Burman-lay#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ ⪤ -ley#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ ⪤ -lya ‘tongue’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 056
1.1.1Tani1
1.1.1.1Western Tani27
Apatanijaprefix-mi#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’ mɯ#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’-ljo ‘flame’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanijaprefix-mu#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’ mu#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’-ljo ‘blaze’Sun J 93 Tani
Apatanijaprefix-mu#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’ mu#2136 PTB *mey ‘FIRE’PTani *mə ‘FIRE’PKC *may ‘FIRE’PCN *mej(ʔ) ‘FIRE’PTk *mej ‘FIRE’PLB *s/ʔ-mey² ‘FIRE’PKar *hmeᴮ ‘FIRE’-ljo ‘flame’Sun J 93 Tani
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani4
1.2.3Maraic1
1.7.1.3Koch1
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1
Tangsa (Moshang)la-li#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ ‘tongue’French 83: 569
1.7.3.1Jingpho11
2.1.2Bodic1
2.1.3Lepcha1
Lepchalin#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’-śet ‘tongue’Benedict 72 STC: 281
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti8
Limbu-l'#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’◦soːt ‘tongue’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 186
Limbule#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’-sot ‘tongue’LaPolla 87: 135
Limbule#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’-sot ‘tongue’Benedict 72 STC: 281
Limbule#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’◦sop◦pā̱suffix ‘tongue’Matisoff 87 BP
LimbulE#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’◦sot ‘tongue, barb (of a hook)’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbulɛ#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’◦soʔ ‘tongue’Weidert 87 TBTo: 109
Limbulɛ#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’◦soːt ‘tongue’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 186
Limbulɛ#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’◦ssoː◦pasuffix ‘tongue’Weidert 87 TBTo: 109
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5
5Tujia4
Tujiadzi²¹#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ la²¹ ‘tongue’Chen 86 TuMQ: 3.8
Tujia (Southern)dzi²¹#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ la²¹ ‘tongue’Tian 86
Tujia (Northern)ji³⁵#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ la⁵⁵ ‘tongue’Tian 86
Tujiaʑi³⁵#621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *lay ‘TONGUE’PCN *m-lej(ʔ) ‘TONGUE’PTk *lej ‘TONGUE’PKar *bleᴬ ‘TONGUE’PKar *hlajᴮ ‘LICK (v.)’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ la⁵⁵ ‘tongue’Chen 86 TuBQ: 3.8
6.1Lolo-Burmese1
6.1.1Burmish30
Burmese (Written)hlya-khaŋ#3581 PTB *s-gaŋ ‘MOUNTAIN / RIDGE / HILL’ ‘uvula, palate’Matisoff 74 TJLB: 90
6.1.2Loloish4
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish30
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)lia̱³¹ lia̱ʔ⁵³#629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’MesorootsPKC *liak-I, liaʔ-II ‘LICK / LAP’PCN *m-ljak ‘LICK’PTk *lek ‘LICK’PLB *m-lyak ⪤ *ʔ-lyak ‘LICK’PL *m-lyakᴸ ‘LICK’Allofams1a #621 PTB *m/s-lay ⪤ *s-ley ‘TONGUE’1b #623 PTB *s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’1c #625 PTB *s-lyam ‘TONGUE / LICK / FLAME’1d #628 PTB *s-lyaːw ‘LICK / TONGUE’1e #629 PTB *m/s/g-lyak ‘LICK / TONGUE’ ‘lick’Dai 89 NusA: 2301.
6.1.2.2Central Loloish47
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)mø³³#467 PTB *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’PKC *hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PCN *mən ‘MOUTH’PTk *mor ‘MOUTH’ ɬɔ⁴⁴ ‘tongue’Dai 89 JinA: 172.1
Sani [Nyi]ɬɒ³³o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’qo²¹#387 PTB *s-kawŋ ‘HOLLOW / HOLLOW OBJECT / HEAD’ ‘tongue tip’Wu 84
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish19
9Sinitic2
9.0.1Old Chinese4
9.0.3Modern Chinese1
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #623,
*s/m-l(y)a-t ‘TONGUE’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/623Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 50, 165, 171, 215, 487, 511
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-623,
title = {{*s/m-l(y)a-t 'TONGUE'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #623},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/623}
}