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STEDT #467

*s-muːr

MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handlemuːrprefixsinitialmrhymeuːrcoverM · L

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*hmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’PKC #876
Central Naga (Ao Group)*mən ‘MOUTH’PCN #169
Tangkhulic*mor ‘MOUTH’DRM#520

Connections

HPTB*muːr ‘mouth / face / gills / beak’pp. 397, 402, 426, 537
See alsoGILL/BEAK/PROW/FACE

Notes

Note the Mizo doublet hmùur ‘tip, point, end, prow, teat’ ⪤ hmui ‘lip, mouth’ as well as other forms where an original final -r has become a palatal semi-vowel.

Chinese comparandum

門 OC *mwən, GSR #441a-c ‘gate, door’; Schuessler 2007:379 *mə̂n; B & S 2011: *mˁən {mˁə[n]}; Mand. mén.
吻 OC *mi̯wən, GSR #503o ‘lip (corner of), shut lips’; Schuessler 2007:515 *mənʔ; Mand. wěn.

Reflexes & cognates295 reflexes · 35 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

*Sino-Tibetanmjur/mur ‘mouth movements / mouth’Coblin 86: 111

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmanmuːr ‘mouth / face / gills / beak’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 603
*Tibeto-Burmanmuːr ‘gills, beak, mouth, face’Benedict 72 STC: 366
*Tibeto-Burmanmuːr ‘mouth movements / mouth’Coblin 86: 111

1.1.1.1Western Tani3

Bokar Lhobamur ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 80 MLD
Bokar Lhobamur ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 538.51

1.2Kuki-Chin4

*Chinhmuur ‘LIP / BEAK / MOUTH / TIP’VanBik 09 PKC: 876
Khoibumur ‘mouth’Coblin 86: 111
Thanphumpə̆ˋprefixhni⁵ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin6

Ashoaprefix mon ‘mouth, beak, lips’VanBik 09 PKC: 876
Asho (Sandoway)mɔ̆ᴜŋ¹- ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Matupimə̆hui¹ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Matupimᵊhɤi¹ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16

1.2.2Central Chin16

Khualsimhmuːr⁴ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Lai (Hakha)hmur² ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Lai (Hakha)hmǔur ‘mouth, beak, lip, tip (e.g. of a pen)’VanBik 09 PKC: 876
Lai (Falam)hmùur ‘mouth, beak, lip, tip (e.g. of a pen)’VanBik 09 PKC: 876
Lushai [Mizo]hmûi ‘beak / bill’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]hmui ‘upper lip’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]hmui⁴ (hmur⁴=nipple) ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Lushai [Mizo]hmùur ‘tip, point, end, prow, teat’VanBik 09 PKC: 876
Lushai [Mizo]hmuur ‘point, tip, prow’LaPolla 87: 213
Lushai [Mizo]hmuːr ‘point / tip / prow’Chou 72: 441a-c
Lushai [Mizo]hmuːr ‘point, tip, prow’Benedict 72 STC: 366

1.2.3Maraic9

Lailenpiăprefix◦hmɑu⁴ [tʻɔʔ¹] ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Lakher [Mara]hmāo n‘lips, the tip’VanBik 09 PKC: 876
Lothvo (Hiranpi)hmua⁴ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Merahmᴜ⁵ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Tha'oahui² ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Zotungmõ⁴ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16
Zotungmũ¹ ‘mouth, lips’Luce 85: O.16

1.3“Naga” Areal Group2

Maringmur ‘mouth’Brown 37 Indo
Maringmur ‘mouth’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)15

Lotha Nagae¹prefix-men³ n.‘mouth’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.169
Lotha Nagamen³-fəʔ²morpheme n.‘lip’[Source note] mouth-skinBruhn 14 SuppCN
Lotha Nagamen³set²morpheme- v.‘smile’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Lotha NagaEprefix◦me ‘lip’Nienu 90 LotQ: 3.9
Lotha Nagaēprefix◦mēn̯ ‘lip’Acharya 75
Lotha Nagaeprefix◦men ‘mouth’Murry 78: 76

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group14

Angami (Kohima)uprefix◦me ‘mouth’Marrison 67 Naga
Chokri(u)prefix mü³¹ na¹¹#441 PTB *s-nyas ‘LIP’ mü³¹morpheme khromorpheme ‘lower lip’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.2
Chokri(u)prefix mü³¹ na¹¹#441 PTB *s-nyas ‘LIP’ mü³¹morpheme so¹¹morpheme ‘upper lip’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.1
Chokri(u)prefix mü³¹ na¹¹#441 PTB *s-nyas ‘LIP’ ru³¹morpheme khro³morpheme ‘lower lip’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.2
Chokri(u)prefix mü³¹ na¹¹#441 PTB *s-nyas ‘LIP’ rü³¹morpheme so¹¹morpheme ‘upper lip’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.1
Chokri(u)prefix mü³¹ na¹¹#441 PTB *s-nyas ‘LIP’ u³¹morpheme khro³³morpheme ‘lower lip’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.2
Chokri(u)prefix mü³¹ na¹¹#441 PTB *s-nyas ‘LIP’ u³¹morpheme so¹¹morpheme ‘upper lip’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 3.9.1
Maooprefix◦me ‘mouth’Marrison 67 Naga
Rengmamüng ‘mouth’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.3Zeme Group12

Maramaprefix◦mui ‘mouth’Marrison 67 Naga
Puironmun ‘mouth’Marrison 67 Naga
Rongmei / Nruanghmeimamorpheme-mun ‘mouth’Brown 37 Indo

1.3.4Tangkhulic22

Champhungkʰamorpheme-mar ‘mouth’Brown 37 Indo
Huishuʔamorpheme-mo-sumorpheme-kəmorpheme-pʰuŋmorpheme ‘upper lip’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.077
Huishuʔamorpheme-mo-tsemorpheme ‘lower lip’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.078
Huishuʔamorpheme-mu-su ‘mouth’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.056
Kachaimor-sɐmorpheme ‘mouth’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.061
Tangkhul(ā)prefix◦khaprefix◦mor ‘mouth’Matisoff 87 BP
Tangkhulkhaprefix◦mor ‘mouth’Marrison 67 Naga
Tangkhulkhəprefix◦mor ‘mouth’LaPolla 87: 213
Tangkhulkhəprefix◦mor ‘mouth’Benedict 72 STC: 366
Tangkhulmor◦hāmorpheme ‘beard’Matisoff 87 BP
Tangkhulmor◦hāmorpheme ‘moustache’Matisoff 87 BP
Tangkhulmur ‘mouth’Coblin 86: 111
Tangkhul (Standard)kʰamorpheme-mor ‘mouth’Brown 37 Indo
Tusomʔəmorpheme-kʰəmorpheme-mo ‘mouth’Mortensen 12 Tk: BodyParts.069
Ukhrulkʰəmorpheme-mor ‘mouth’Mortensen 12 Tk

1.6Mru3

Mrumör ‘face’Matisoff 87 BP
Mrunor ‘mouth’Matisoff 87 BP
Mrunɔr² ‘mouth (of men or animals)’Luce 85: Q.32

1.7.1.2Garo1

Garo (Bangladesh)komorpheme-mor / kumorpheme-mor ‘waist’[Source note] (<B). Note the second syllable looks like ‘mouth’, but the semantics are quite peculiar!Burling 92 GaBa

1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte2

2.1.1Western Himalayish2

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti3

Limbumur◦amorpheme ‘mouth, beak’Michailovsky 89 Lm
Limbumur◦amorpheme ‘mouth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 120
Limbumur◦āmorpheme ‘mouth’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish33

Gazhuomɛ³³ v.‘hold in mouth’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.7.14
Liphomɯ⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Chen 86 Yi: 3.7.14
Nasumɤ³³ v.‘hold in mouth’Chen 86 Yi: 3.7.14
Nesumu⁵⁵ v.‘hold in mouth’Chen 86 Yi: 3.7.14
Nosumo³³ ‘hold in mouth’Chen 86 Yi: 3.7.14
Nusu (Southern)mɑ⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Central)mɔ³¹ ‘hold in mouth’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Bijiang)mɔ³¹ ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 538.45
Nusu (Northern)mɔ⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)mə³³ ‘hold in mouth’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Dafang)mə³³ ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 538.22
Yi (Mojiang)mɯ⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 538.26
Yi (Nanhua)mɯ⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 538.24
Yi (Nanjian)mu̪⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)mo³³ ‘hold in mouth’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Xide)mo³³ ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 538.21

6.1.2.2Central Loloish49

Ahini²¹ tsʻi²²#1232 PTB *n-dzi-k ‘HAIR (HEAD)’PL *tsi¹ ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ nɯ⁵⁵morpheme kɑ̱²¹morpheme zo²¹morpheme ‘moustache’Luo 90: 8.1.2.3
Ahini²¹ tɕi²²#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’ o⁵⁵morpheme kʻɑ³³morpheme tʻi²¹morpheme ʈo⁵⁵ ‘upper lip’Luo 90: 3.9.1
Jinuomo⁴² ‘hold in mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 538.34
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)mø⁴⁴ mø⁴⁴ ‘mouth’Dai 89 JinA: 110
Jinuo (Baka)m̥ø⁴⁴ m̥ø⁴⁴ ‘mouth’Dai 89 JinB: 110
Jinuo (Youle)m̥ø⁴⁴ m̥ø⁴⁴ ‘mouth’Gai 86
Lahu (Black)mə̂-qɔsuffix ‘lip’The second syllable of this form might well be derived from PLB *ʔgaŋ, but this syllable also appears in several other words (mɔ̀ʔ-qɔ ‘mouth’, làʔ=tɔ-qɔ ‘palm of the hand’, mû-lɔ̀ʔ-qɔ ‘daytime; afternoon’), and is glossed ‘noun formative of elusive meaning’ in DL:250.Matisoff 87 BP
Lisu (Nujiang)me̱⁴⁴ ‘hold in mouth’Xu 86 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]mɤ⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Chen 86 Yi: 3.7.14

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish20

Akhameh˯◦toˆ#2095 PTB *l-tywa ‘MOUTH / BEAK / FOOD / STOMACH’ ‘beak / bill’Stopped second syllable in Akha points to allofam with final -k.Matisoff 87 BP
Hani (Caiyuan)me⁵⁵ ‘hold in mouth’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Caiyuan)ɔ³¹prefix me³¹ ‘mouth’Li Yongsui 86 Hani

6.2Naxi13

Laze (Xiangjiao)ni˩tɕʰɤ˥morpheme ‘lips’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 300
Naxinv̩⁵³ n‘mouth’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0084.45

7Karenic3

Bweləmorpheme◦mɔ n‘mouth’Henderson 97 Kar
Palaychilə̀qmorpheme◦mó ‘beak / bill’Matisoff 87 BP
Palaychilə̀qmorpheme◦mó ‘beak / bill’Jones 61: 691

9.0.1Old Chinese5

Chinese (Old/Mid)mi̯wən/mi̯uən ‘lip (corner of) / shut lips’Chou 72: 503o
Chinese (Old/Mid)mwən/muən ‘gate / door’Chou 72: 441a-c
Chinese (Old/Mid)mwən/muən ‘gate / door’Karlgren 57 GSR: 441a-c
Chinese (Old)mjənx ‘mouth movements / mouth’Coblin 86: 111
Chinese (Old)mən ‘mouth movements / mouth’Coblin 86: 111

9.0.3Modern Chinese2

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #467, *s-muːr ‘MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/467
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-467,
  title  = {{*s-muːr 'MOUTH / LIP / HOLD IN MOUTH / CHEW / FACE / GILLS'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #467},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/467}
}