STEDT #686

*si(ŋ/k)

MOUTH / LIP

Reconstruction analysis

handletsi-initial(t)srhymei-ksuffixk/ncoverTS · VT

Notes

This etymon is best attested in Himalayish, with some support also from the NE Indian Areal Group and Asakian, and perhaps Qiangic and/or WB. The reflexes have either simple sibilant or affricate initials. I presume the proto-initial to have been *s-, in view of the natural tendency to develop secondary affrication before -i-.

It is very possible that this etymon belongs together with #1349 PTB *si(ŋ/k) VAGINA, in a single word-family, in view of the similar semantic range of #3589 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk VULVA / VAGINA / MOUTH / LIP.

A particularly interesting form is Newar mhu◦tu◦si, where mhu◦tu means ‘mouth’, and si means ‘corner (of the mouth)’. The basic meaning of si is ‘border, margin, bank’, as in khu-si ‘riverbank’, mi-kha-pu-si ‘eyebrow’ (K. P. Malla, p.c.). Thus Newar si has nothing to do with the present etymon.

This etymon seems quite distinct from #477 TGTM *suŋ MOUTH, which so far has been attested only in Himalayish.

Reflexes & cognates42 reflexes · 16 subgroups

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani3

Milangcaŋ#2097 PTB *tsywaŋ ‘MOUTH / BEAK’-ci ‘mouth’Tayeng 76 Mil

Milangcaŋ#2097 PTB *tsywaŋ ‘MOUTH / BEAK’-ci-cimorpheme-mamorpheme ‘spit’Tayeng 76 Mil

Milangcip-pasuffix ‘beak / bill’Note assimilation of the medial consonants.Tayeng 76 Mil

1.7.3.2Asakian3

Sakángmorpheme-sí ‘mouth’Matisoff 87 BP

Sakangmorpheme-sy ‘mouth’Matisoff 87 BP

Sak (Bawtala)ɑŋ³morphemesɤ³ ‘mouth’Luce 85: K.54

2.1.2Bodic1

Tsangla (Central)lepmorpheme◦chi ‘lip’Egli-Roduner: 32 14

2.3Kiranti2

*Kiranticok#478 PTB *tsyuk ‘MOUTH / LIP’Allofams77 #3589 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk ‘VULVA / VAGINA / MOUTH / LIP’77a #1356 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk ‘VULVA’77b #478 PTB *tsyuk ‘MOUTH / LIP’◦siŋ ‘lip’Kiranti cok siŋ demonstrates the independence of #478 PTB *tsyuk MOUTH / LIP from #686 PTB *si(ŋ/k) MOUTH / LIP.Michailovsky 91 Kr: 108

*Kirantisiŋ (?*ciŋ) ‘lip’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 107

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti2

Limbusi◦daŋ#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’◦basuffix ‘mouth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 121

Limbuwɔmorpheme◦se ‘lip’Michailovsky 89 Lm

2.3.2Southern Kiranti2

Bantawado#2095 PTB *l-tywa ‘MOUTH / BEAK / FOOD / STOMACH’◦si◦ja#448 PTB *d(y)al ‘LIP / SKIN’ ‘lip’Matisoff 87 BP

BantawaDo#2095 PTB *l-tywa ‘MOUTH / BEAK / FOOD / STOMACH’◦si◦wasuffix ‘lip’Rai 85 BnDs

2.3.3Central Kiranti4

Dumikəm#454 PTB *r-ka(ː)m ‘LIP / MOUTH / EDGE / BANK’PKC *kam ‘MOUTH’PCC *kam ‘BANK / SIDE / SHORE’◦tsok#478 PTB *tsyuk ‘MOUTH / LIP’Allofams77 #3589 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk ‘VULVA / VAGINA / MOUTH / LIP’77a #1356 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk ‘VULVA’77b #478 PTB *tsyuk ‘MOUTH / LIP’◦si ‘lips (human); mouth (buccal cavity) and lips; beak, bill,’Driem 93 Dumi

Dumitsok#478 PTB *tsyuk ‘MOUTH / LIP’Allofams77 #3589 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk ‘VULVA / VAGINA / MOUTH / LIP’77a #1356 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk ‘VULVA’77b #478 PTB *tsyuk ‘MOUTH / LIP’◦si ‘lip’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 108

2.3.4Western Kiranti10

Bahingsœ ‘mouth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 121

Hayukum#454 PTB *r-ka(ː)m ‘LIP / MOUTH / EDGE / BANK’PKC *kam ‘MOUTH’PCC *kam ‘BANK / SIDE / SHORE’◦tshiŋ ‘lip’Matisoff 87 BP

Hayukum#454 PTB *r-ka(ː)m ‘LIP / MOUTH / EDGE / BANK’PKC *kam ‘MOUTH’PCC *kam ‘BANK / SIDE / SHORE’◦tsiŋ ‘lip’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 107

Hayukum#454 PTB *r-ka(ː)m ‘LIP / MOUTH / EDGE / BANK’PKC *kam ‘MOUTH’PCC *kam ‘BANK / SIDE / SHORE’◦tsiŋ◦ ‘lip’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 122

Thulungsi ‘mouth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 121

Thulungsi ‘mouth, beak, edge of basket, entry of bridge’Allen 75

Thulungsi◦kok#586 PTB *s/r-kawk ⪤ *s/r-kwak ‘OUTER COVERING / SKIN / BARK / RIND’PTani *kruk ‘OUTER COVERING’◦te#448 PTB *d(y)al ‘LIP / SKIN’ ‘lip’Allen 75

Thulungsī◦ko#586 PTB *s/r-kawk ⪤ *s/r-kwak ‘OUTER COVERING / SKIN / BARK / RIND’PTani *kruk ‘OUTER COVERING’◦kaʔmorpheme◦te#448 PTB *d(y)al ‘LIP / SKIN’ ‘lip’Matisoff 87 BP

Thulungsi◦seom#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ AS‘moustache’Allen 75

Thulungsi◦syom#366 PTB *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC *sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PCN *a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN *a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PTk *sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’◦amorpheme ‘moustache’Matisoff 87 BP

2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang1

Chepang (Eastern)səyk ‘beak / bill’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.9.3

3.2Qiangic5

Ersusɿ⁵⁵ mphɑ⁵⁵#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’ ndʐo⁵⁵#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’ pi⁵⁵#590 PTB *p(y)ik ‘SKIN / PEEL’PKar *pheɁᴰ ‘BARK (n.), LEATHER, SKIN’ ‘lip’Ersu sɿ⁵⁵ mphɑ⁵⁵ ‘mouth’; ndʐo⁵⁵ pi⁵⁵ ‘skin’.Sun H 91 ErsQ

Ersusɿ⁵⁵ nphɑ⁵⁵#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’ ‘mouth’Sun H 91 ErsQ

Ersusɿ⁵⁵nphɑ⁵⁵#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’ ‘mouth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 242.18

Ersusɿ⁵⁵nphɑ⁵⁵#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’ndʐo⁵⁵#596 PTB *m/s-k-rəy ‘SKIN’TGTM *ᴬɖi ‘SKIN’PLB *m-k-rəy¹ ‘SKIN / OUTER COVERING’pi⁵⁵#590 PTB *p(y)ik ‘SKIN / PEEL’PKar *pheɁᴰ ‘BARK (n.), LEATHER, SKIN’ ‘lip’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 243.18

Namuyimpʰ#476 PTB *m-p(r)(w)aŋ ‘MOUTH’PTani *fi-buŋ ‘BEAK’PCN *paŋ ‘MOUTH’◦sɿ⁵◦⁵ɦəʴ³³morpheme◦qu⁵⁵#586 PTB *s/r-kawk ⪤ *s/r-kwak ‘OUTER COVERING / SKIN / BARK / RIND’PTani *kruk ‘OUTER COVERING’ ‘lip’Sun H 91 NamQ: 3.9

6.1.1Burmish1

Langsu (Luxi)tʃɛ̱ʔ⁵⁵ adj‘narrow’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0977.31

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #686, *si(ŋ/k) ‘MOUTH / LIP’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/686

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. 1349 VAGINA

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-686,
  title  = {{*si(ŋ/k) 'MOUTH / LIP'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #686},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/686}
}