STEDT
STEDT #366

*(t)sam

HAIR (head)
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handletsaminitial(t)srhymeamcoverTS · N

Intermediate reconstructions

Kuki-Chin*sʰam ‘HAIR (head)’PKC #688
Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’PCN #121
Central Naga (Ao Group)*a-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’PCN #148
Tangkhulic*sam ‘HAIR (HEAD)’DRM#436

Chinese comparandum

/ OC *sɑm, GSR #1154a ‘long hair’; B & S 2011: *sˁram {s[ˁ]ram}; Mand. shān.

Reflexes & cognates566 reflexes · 48 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)2

*Sino-Tibetantsɑ̂m~sɑ̂m ‘hair / feather’Chou 72

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)14

*Tibeto-Burmansâm ‘feather / hair (body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 897
*Tibeto-Burmantsam ‘hair (head)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 222
*Tibeto-Burmantsam ‘feather / hair (body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 897
*Tibeto-Burmantsâm ‘feather / hair (body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 897
*Tibeto-Burmantsam ‘hair (head)’Mortensen 12 Tk
*Tibeto-Burmantsam (*A)morpheme ‘hair’Coblin 86: 90
*Tibeto-Burmantsamsam ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 616
*Tibeto-Burmantsɑm ‘hair / feather’Chou 72
*Tibeto-Burmantsɑ̂m~sɑ̂m ‘head hair’Chou 72

1.2Kuki-Chin3

Thanphumtsɑm⁵ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19

1.2.1.1Northern Chin19

Kuki-Chinjangmorphemesam ‘cowlick (flexure in hair)’Haokip 98: 8.1.1.1
Kuki-Chinsam ‘hair of head (= 8.1.1)’Haokip 98: 2.7
Kuki-Chinsam ‘hair (general)’Haokip 98: 8.1
Kuki-Chinsam ‘hair of head (= 2.7 )’Haokip 98: 8.1.1
Thadosʌ̄m ‘hair’Thirumalai 72: 24
Thadosʌ́m ‘hair’Thirumalai 72: 43
Thadosʌ̄mpɔ̀morpheme v‘comb (hair)’Thirumalai 72: 59
Thadosʌ̄mthímorpheme ‘comb’Thirumalai 72: 43
Tiddimsa̩m ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Tiddimsam¹ ‘hair’VanBik 09 PKC: 688
Tiddimsam¹ pheːk²morpheme ‘parted hair’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1512
Tiddimsʻam³ ‘hair’Luce 85: G.114
Tiddimsʻam³ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Tiddimˊsam n‘hair’Henderson 65 TidC
Tiddimˊsam ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin16

Ashoaprefixʻsawn n‘hair (of the head)’VanBik 09 PKC: 688
Asho (Sandoway)ăprefixsʻɔaŋ² ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Asho (Sandoway)sʻɔã² ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Chinbonšʰám ‘hair’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 80
Daailu̥morphemesʰam ‘hair’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 80
Daaisham ‘hair’VanBik 09 PKC: 688
Awa Khumiăprefixsʻɑ̃² ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Khumisaang ‘head hair’VanBik 09 PKC: 688
Khumi (Ahraing)sɑm¹ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Matupisʻɑm⁴ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Mkaanglu̥morphemešám ‘hair’So-Hartmann 88 Chin: 80
Womatusam¹ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19

1.2.2Central Chin16

Khualsimsʻam² ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Lai (Hakha)sâm ‘hair (head)’VanBik 09 PKC: 688
Lai (Falam)sám ‘hair (head)’VanBik 09 PKC: 688
Lai (Hakha)sʻam⁵ ‘hair’Luce 85: G.114
Lai (Hakha)sʻam⁵ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Lushai [Mizo]sam ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Lushai [Mizo]sam ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Lushai [Mizo]sǎm n‘hair of the head’VanBik 09 PKC: 688
Lushai [Mizo]sam ‘hair of the head’Bhaskararao 96 CDB: 1511
Lushai [Mizo]sam ‘hair (of head)’Benedict 72 STC: 73
Lushai [Mizo]sam ‘head hair’Coblin 86: 90
Lushai [Mizo]sʻam³ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19

1.2.3Maraic11

Lailenpimorphemesʻə¹ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Lakher [Mara]sa ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Lothvo (Hiranpi)ʃuə³ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Merasʻɑ¹ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Tha'oasʻam² ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Xongsaisam² ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19
Zotungsaŋ-reumorpheme ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Zotungsʻɑ̃⁵ ‘hair on head’Luce 85: P.19

1.3“Naga” Areal Group3

Maringsam ‘hair’Brown 37 Indo
Maringsam ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)44

The inclusion of the Ao ‘banana leaf / aspidistra leaf’ forms is somewhat doubtful, as the large leaves of the banana and Aspidistra plants are not very similar to body hair (though perhaps they resemble giant green feathers). [dwbruhn, 2014 Feb 3]

*Central Nagaaprefix-həm ‘HAIR / LEAF / FEATHER’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.148
*Central Nagaaprefix-tshaːm ‘HAIR (FACE / HEAD)’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.121
*Aoaprefix-həm ‘BANANA LEAF / ASPIDISTRA LEAF’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.138
Ao (Chungli)prefix [áprefixhə̀m] ‘banana leaf’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 1a
Ao (Chungli)aprefixm³¹ n.‘banana leaf’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.138
Ao (Mongsen)prefix [áprefixhə̀m] ‘banana leaf’Temsunungsang 09 Ao: 1a
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)aprefixm n.‘aspidistra sp.’Coupe 07 Ao
Lotha Nagahəm³roʔ³morpheme, həm³ro³morphemenoʔ³morpheme n.‘hair (of body, nose)’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Lotha Nagaprefix-həm³ n.‘hair (underarm, pubic)’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.148
Lotha Nagaprefix-tshan³ n.‘hair (head)’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.121
Lotha Nagakhokamorphemehüm ‘beard’Murry 78: 9
Lotha NagaNremorpheme hum ‘female pubic hair’Nienu 90 LotQ: 10.4.5
Lotha Nagaoprefixhüm ‘feather’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaoprefixhüm ‘feather’Murry 78: 44
Lotha Nagaōprefixhə̀m> ‘feather’Acharya 75
Lotha Nagaomorphemetsan ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Lotha Nagaoprefixtsan ‘hair’Murry 78: 53
Lotha NagaomorphemetsaN ‘hair of head’Nienu 90 LotQ: 2.7
Lotha Nagaomorphemetsan ‘hair (general)’Nienu 90 LotQ: 8.1
Lotha Nagaoprefixtssanpiamorpheme ‘plait’Murry 78: 89
Lotha Nagatssantsümorphemephensuffix ‘braid’Murry 78: 11
Lotha Naga¹oprefix³hɯm(ʔ) ‘hair (body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 158
Lotha Naga¹omorpheme³tsan(ʔ) ‘hair (head)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 222
Lotha Naga¹oprefix³tsan(ʔ) ‘eyelash’Weidert 87 TBTo: 760
Sangtamanbümorpheme aprefixtsa ‘fine hair’Kumar 73 Sang
Sangtamaprefixmtpomorpheme ‘hair (of body)’Marrison 67 Naga
Yacham-Tengsaaprefixm n‘leaf’Marrison 67 Naga
Yimchungrüaprefixnam ‘feather’Kumar 73 Yim: 65

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group17

-a is the regular Angami reflex of -am; cf. Angami Naga ²khuo⁵rha ‘otter’ < #2595 PTB *sram OTTER.

Angami (Khonoma)tha ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Angami (Kohima)(u)prefix tsü³¹morpheme tha⁵⁵ ‘hair of head’Nienu 90 AngQ: 2.7
Chokri(u)morpheme pi⁵⁵#1242 PTB *pil ‘HEAD’ tha³⁵ ‘hair of head’Nienu 90 ChoQ: 2.7
Chokriumorphemepi#1242 PTB *pil ‘HEAD’tha ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Khezhaeprefix-ta ‘hair’Marrison 67 Naga: 116
Meluriaprefix-she ‘hair’Marrison 67 Naga: 116
Meluriaprefixshe ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Sema [Sumi]aprefixsa ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Sema [Sumi]aprefixsa ‘hair (general)’Achumi 98: 8.1

1.3.3Zeme Group21

Khoiraotham ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Liangmeikaprefix-thǎ̱m ‘eyelash’Weidert 87 TBTo: 760
Liangmeitaprefix-tham ‘hair’Marrison 67 Naga: 116
Liangmeitaprefixtham ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Maramtam ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Puironsam ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Rongmei / Nruanghmeikgmorpheme sam ‘his / her hair’Matisoff 94 Rong
Rongmei / Nruanghmeimemorphemesam ‘hair’Matisoff 94 Rong
Rongmei / Nruanghmeisüm ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Rongmei / Nruanghmeiəprefixsam ‘my hair’Matisoff 94 Rong
Rongmei / Nruanghmeiʔənyumorpheme sam ‘our (incl.) hair’Matisoff 94 Rong
Rongmei / Nruanghmeiʔənəimorpheme sam ‘our (du. excl) hair’Matisoff 94 Rong
Zeme⁴tam ‘eyelash’Weidert 87 TBTo: 760
Mziemetam ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga

1.4Meithei7

Meitheipimorphemesum ‘eyebrow’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.4.3
Meitheipimorphemesum ‘eyebrow’Matisoff 87 BP
Meitheisam ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheisam ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Meitheisəm ‘hair of head’Singh 91 MeiQ: 2.7

1.6Mru2

Mrucham ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Mrutsʻɛ̃² ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34

1.7.1.3Koch1

Atongchachuramorpheme n‘hair on top of the head’van Breugel 08 Atong

1.7.3.2Asakian2

Chairelsɑm ‘hair of head’Luce 85: K.53
Luisöm ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.1Western Himalayish16

Byangsicham n.‘wool’Sharma 2003: 134
Chaudangsiməlamorpheme-tsɯmmorpheme, tshɯm ‘wool’Krishan 2003: 470
Kanauritsam n‘wool / fleece’Bailey 11
Kanauritsam ‘wool, fleece’Benedict 72 STC: 73
Pattani [Manchati]dròmorphemetsam ‘male pubic hair’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 10.3.6
Pattani [Manchati]guʐumorpheme tʃəm ‘hair on the body’Sharma, D.D. 82 TH
Pattani [Manchati]pyomorphemetsam ‘female pubic hair’Sharma, S.R. 91 Ma: 10.4.5
Rongpochəm n.‘wool’Sharma 2003: 239

2.1.2Bodic22

Kaikechham ‘hair (body)’Matisoff 87 BP
Kaikechham ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Kaikelumorphemechham ‘hair (pubic)’Matisoff 87 BP
Kaikepimorphemechham ‘hair (pubic)’Matisoff 87 BP
Tsangla (Central)tśam ‘hair (of head)’Benedict 72 STC: 73
Tsangla (Motuo)tsham ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.7
Tsangla (Motuo)tsʰam ‘braid’Sun H 80 MLD
Tsangla (Motuo)tsʰam⁵⁵ ‘hair (head)’Zhang Jichuan 86
Tsangla (Tilang)tɕam ‘hair (head)’Zhang Jichuan 86

2.1.2.1Tibetan26

Tibetan (Batang)tʂaʔ⁵³ ‘hair’Dai 89 Bata: 8.1
Tibetan (Batang)tʂaʔ⁵³ ‘hair of head’Dai 89 Bata: 8.1.1
Tibetan (Batang)tʂa⁵³ ‘hair of head’Dai 89 Bata: 2.7
Tibetan (Khams:Dege)tʂa⁵³ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.3
Ladakhisam-dalmorpheme ‘moustache’Benedict 72 STC: 29
Tibetan (Lhasa)tʂa⁵³ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.2
Spitiṣà ‘hair of head’Bodh 91: 8.1.1
Tibetan (Written)sam-dalmorpheme ‘hair’Luce 85: G.114
Tibetan (Written)sam-dalmorpheme ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Tibetan (Written)sam-dalmorpheme ‘hair of head’Luce 85: W.134
Tibetan (Written)sam-dalmorpheme ‘moustache’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.3Lepcha3

Lepchaaprefix-tsóm ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Lepchatsómblengmorpheme n.‘single hair’Plaisier 07 Lepcha
Lepchaʔáprefixtsóm n.‘hair’Plaisier 07 Lepcha

2.1.4Tamangish42

*TGTMᴮtsʰam ‘hair (pubic)’Mazaudon 94 These: 283
Gurung (Ghachok)chā̩ːq ‘hair (pubic)’Matisoff 87 BP
Gurung (Ghachok)cʰãːq ‘hair (pubic)’Glover 72 GuVo: 2.A.10
Gurung²tsʰãː ‘hair (pubic)’Mazaudon 94 These: 283
Tamang (Risiangku)²tsʰam ‘hair (pubic)’Mazaudon 94 These: 283
Tamang (Sahu)'puhmorphemesam ‘body hair’Taylor 72 TmVo: 2.9
Tamang (Sahu)pumorpheme-shām ‘hair (body)’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Syang)⁵⁴tsʰʌm ‘feather / hair of an animal / body’Mazaudon 94 These: 283
Thakali (Tukche)cham ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.5Dhimal1

Dhimaltśam ‘hide, bark’Benedict 72 STC: 73

2.3.3Central Kiranti17

Dumimorphemekhɨmmorphemesəm ‘beard’Driem 93 Dumi
Dumisəm ‘body hair, down’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 79
Dumisəm ‘body hair, feathers, down, scales’Driem 93 Dumi
Khaling'dhomorphemesam ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Khalingdho#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’sam ‘head hair’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 79
Khalingmaarmorphemeswaam ‘body-hair’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 81
Khalingmarmorpheme-swām ‘hair (body)’Matisoff 87 BP
Khalingswaam ‘hair, fur, feather’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 79

2.3.4Western Kiranti24

Bahingtsam ‘head hair’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 79
Bahingtsam ‘hair (of head)’Benedict 72 STC: 73
Hayudukui-som ‘hair (body)’Matisoff 87 BP
Hayukukumorpheme som/dukumorpheme som ‘hair’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 80
Hayukukui-som ‘hair (body)’Matisoff 87 BP
Hayuraːmorphemesom ‘hair (pubic)’Matisoff 87 BP
Hayusom ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Sunwarcḁ̄ː ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
SunwarcaːM ‘head hair, fur’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 79
Thulungbhumorphemesiumpoamorpheme ‘brown hairy caterpillar’Allen 75
Thulungkhuːmorphemesem ‘white hair’Allen 75
Thulungmurmorphemesem ‘down, body-hair’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 81
Thulungmurmorphemesem ‘down, baby-hair, hair on arms, armpit-hair’Allen 75
Thulungsem ‘hair’Allen 75
Thulungsyomʔamorpheme ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Thulungŋāramorpheme semamorpheme ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP

6.1.1Burmish75

Achang (Luxi)tsham³⁵ ‘hair’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)tsham³⁵ pjɛn³⁵loanword n‘braid (hair)’Dai 85 AcJZ
Achang (Luxi)tsham³⁵ pyɛn³⁵loanword ‘braid’[Source note] Chinese?LaPolla 87: 196
Bolatsʰɛ̃⁵⁵ ‘hair (head)’Dai 89 Bola: 97
Burmese (Modern)cʻaṁ³ ‘hair’Luce 85: G.114
Burmese (Modern)cʻaṁ³ ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Burmese (Rangoon)shɑ̃²²pĩ²²morpheme n‘hair’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0075.27
Burmese (Rangoon)tɕiʔ⁴morphemeshɑ̃²²mji⁵⁵morpheme n‘braid / plait’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0076.27
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)hsɑ̃²²pĩ²²morpheme ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.40
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)shɑ̃²²pĩ²²morphemejeʔ⁴⁴morpheme ‘shave (hair of head)’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 651.40
Burmese (Spoken)sʻã³ ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)tɕiʔ⁴⁴morphemehsɑ̃²²mji⁵⁵morpheme ‘plait’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 235.40
Burmese (Written)chaṁ ‘hair (of head)’Marrison 67 Naga
Burmese (Written)cham ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)cham-khrañmorpheme ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)cham-paŋmorpheme ‘hair;topknot’Judson p. 405 glosses as ‘hair of head’; Hanson cites (p.581) but gives no gloss.Hansson 89 AHKP: 581
Burmese (Written)cham-paŋmorpheme ‘hair (head)’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)cʻaṁ ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Burmese (Written)cʻaṁ³ ‘hair of head’Luce 85: W.134
Burmese (Written)hsɑṁ²pɑŋ²morpheme ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.39
Burmese (Written)kjɑsmorpheme hsɑṁ²mri³morpheme ‘plait’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 235.39
Burmese (Written)kjɑs⁴morphemeshɑṁ²mri³morpheme n‘braid / plait’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0076.26
Burmese (Written)shɑṁ²pɑŋ²morpheme n‘hair’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0075.26
Burmese (Written)shɑṁ²pɑŋ²rit ‘shave (hair of head)’morpheme · morphemeSun H 91 ZMYY: 651.39
Burmese (Written)tsham ‘hair (head)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 222
Burmese (Written)tsham ‘hair (of head)’Benedict 72 STC: 73
Danusʻɑ̃⁴[pĩ⁴]morpheme ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Hpun (Northern)ăprefixshɛ́, ăprefixʃɛ́ ‘hair of head’Henderson 86 Hpun
Hpun (Metjo)ăprefixʃɛ¹ ‘hair’Luce 85: G.114
Hpun (Metjo)ăprefixʃɛ¹ ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Hpun (Northern)shɛ́thàŋmorpheme v‘knot (hair) (cp. Hair)’Henderson 86 Hpun
Lashitsham³³ ‘hair of head’Dai 89 Lash: 2.7
Lashitsham³³ ‘hair’Dai 89 Lash: 8.1
Lashitsham³³ ‘hair of head’Dai 89 Lash: 8.1.1
Lashi (Lachhe')tsʻɑm⁴ ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Maru [Langsu]au³⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ tshɛ̃³¹ ‘hair of head’Dai 89 Lang: 8.1.1
Maru [Langsu]tshìn ‘hair (head)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 222
Maru [Langsu]tshɛ̃³¹ ‘hair of head’Dai 89 Lang: 2.7
Maru [Langsu]tshɛ̃³¹ ‘hair’Dai 89 Lang: 8.1
Maru [Langsu]tshɛ̃³¹ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.43
Taung-Yotsʻɑ̃⁴ ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Atsi [Zaiwa]sʻɑm² ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Atsi [Zaiwa]tshám ‘hair (head)(1)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 222
Atsi [Zaiwa]tsʻɑm² ‘hair of head’Luce 85: S.34
Atsi [Zaiwa]u²¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ tsham⁵¹ ‘hair (head)’Xu 84 Zaiwa
Atsi [Zaiwa]u²¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tsham⁵¹ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.42

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish39

Nusu (Bijiang)tshɑ³⁵ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.45
Nusu (Central)tsʰa³³ ‘hair (head)’Dai 89 NusB: 97.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)tsʰa³⁵ ‘hair (head)’Dai 89 NusA: 97.
Nusu (Central)tsʰɑ³⁵ ‘hair (head)’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Northern)tsʰɔ³¹ ‘hair (head)’Sun J 86 Nusu
Nusu (Southern)tsʰɛ⁵⁵ ‘hair (head)’Sun J 86 Nusu
Yi (Dafang)o³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ tsʰɯ³³ ‘hair (head)’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Dafang)o³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tsʰɯ³³ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.22
Yi (Dafang)tsʰɯ²¹ ‘fur (coarse)’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Lishan)ŋˌ³³prefix tsʰe³¹ ‘head hair’Dai 87 Gazh
Yi (Mile)o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tshi³³ʈhi²¹morpheme ‘plait’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 235.25
Yi (Mile)o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tsʰi³³ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.25
Yi (Mojiang)ŋu̱³³#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tɕʰe²¹ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.26
Yi (Nanhua)u⁵⁵morphemetshɿ³³ n‘hair’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0075.37
Yi (Nanhua)u⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tsʰɯ³³ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.24
Yi (Nanjian)tɕhy⁵⁵ ‘hair / fur’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 172.23
Yi (Nanjian)tɕhy⁵⁵ ‘feather’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 173.23
Yi (Nanjian)tɕʰy⁵⁵ ‘fur’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)u²¹morpheme tɕʰy⁵⁵ ‘hair’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)u²¹#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tɕʰy⁵⁵ ‘hair of head’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 234.23
Yi (Weishan)tɕhy⁵⁵ n‘hair / down’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0266.36
Yi (Weishan)tɕhy⁵⁵ n‘feather / plume’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0299.36
Yi (Weishan)ʔy²¹morphemetɕhy⁵⁵ n‘hair’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0075.36
Yi (Wuding)u³³morphemetshe³³ n‘hair’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0075.38
Yi (Xide)ʂa³³ ‘hair, feather’Chen 79 YiCh

6.1.2.2Central Loloish21

Jinuo (Buyuan)tshɤ⁴²tɕhi⁴²morpheme n‘hair (head)’Gai 86
Jinuo (Buyuan)tsʰɤ⁴² tɕʰi⁴²morpheme ‘hair (head)’Gai 86
Sani [Nyi]o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ tsʰɤ³³ ‘hair (head)’Ma 89 SanQ: 369.3
Sani [Nyi]o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’ tsʰɯ³³ ‘hair’Wu 84: 325.4
Sani [Nyi]o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tshɤ³³ ‘hair of head’Chen 86 Yi: 2.7
Sani [Nyi]o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tshɤ³³ ‘hair of head’Chen 86 Yi: 8.1.1
Yi (Sani)o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tshɤ³³ɬɤ¹¹morpheme n‘braid / plait’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0076.39
Sani [Nyi]o⁵⁵#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’tshɯ³³ ‘hair of head’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]tsʰɤ³³ ‘hair’Ma 89 SanQ: 349.5

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish23

Pyencam45 khɯŋ45morpheme ‘body hair’Shintani 09 Pyen: 131002
Pyencam45 khɯŋ45morpheme ‘hair’Shintani 09 Pyen: 131032
Sangkongaŋ³³#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’ tsham⁵⁵ phe̱³¹morpheme le̱³¹morpheme ‘braid, queue’Li Yongsui 91 Sang
Silatsha55 khɯ55morpheme ‘hair’Kato 08 Lao: 8

7Karenic2

*Karen (Pwo)shɔ́nq ‘hair (body) / feathers’Jones 61: 39
*Karentshɔn' ‘feather / hair (body)’Weidert 87 TBTo: 897

9.0.1Old Chinese4

Chinese (Old/Mid)sɑm/s̥ɑm ‘hair / feather’Chou 72
Chinese (Old)sam ‘hair of head’Luce 85: W.134
Chinese (Old)sam cf.sam ‘hair’Luce 85: G.114

9.0.2Middle Chinese1

Chinese (Middle)ṣam ‘long hair’Coblin 86: 90

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #366, *(t)sam ‘HAIR (head)’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/366
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: 2.3; cf. STC#073, HPTB pp.31, 32, 250, 299
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-366,
  title  = {{*(t)sam 'HAIR (head)'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #366},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/366}
}