Reconstruction analysis
handletuinitialtrhymeucoverT · V
Intermediate reconstructions
Connections
HPTB*s-tu ‘vagina / vulva’p. 247
Notes
This is by far the best-attested root for VAGINA in TB, with reflexes in the NE Indian Areal Group, Himalayish, Lolo-Burmese, Karenic, and Qiangic. While most of the supporting forms point to a prefixal *s- plus *t- root-initial, a few reflexes seem to have undergone metathesis, e.g. Hayu pep-tshu, Lakher (Mara) ³tshu, etc.
Some of the reflexes are transcribed with high front vowel -i instead of -u, but this fronting seems to be secondary. Compare, e.g. the Abor-Miri, Apatani, and Galo forms; or the Chepang, Dumi, and Bantawa reflexes, etc.
Chinese comparandum
Comment: Cf. comparanda for #5689 PTB *tuk ⪤ *(t/d)wa(k/ŋ) MEET, in particular the etyma 屬 zhǔ and 屬 shǔ.
Reflexes & cognates134 reflexes · 37 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1
1.1“North Assam”1
1.1.1Tani1
1.1.1.1Western Tani5
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani5
Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]tí-muit#1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’MesorootsPTani *mɯt ‘HAIR (OF BODY)’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘hair (pubic)’Matisoff 87 BP
Damutɯ-miː#1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’MesorootsPTani *mɯt ‘HAIR (OF BODY)’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘pubic hair (female)’Sun J 93 Tani
1.2Kuki-Chin1
1.2.1.1Northern Chin6
Kuki-Chinsu◦mul#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘female pubic hair’Haokip 98: 10.4.5
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2
1.2.2Central Chin7
Lushai [Mizo]tśhu ‘vulva / notch (v.)’STC tentatively assigns Lushai (Mizo) tśhu to *tsyuk (below, #1356 PTB *dzyuk ⪤ *tsyuk VULVA), though I prefer the present analysis.Benedict 72 STC: 53n178
1.2.3Maraic3
1.2.4“Old Kuki”8
Kom Remsu-mih#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘female pubic hair’Toba 91 KRQ: 10.4.5
Moyonsòw◦khùr#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ~ sowr◦khùr#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘vulva / labia’Kosha 90: 10.4.2
Moyonsòw◦mòwr#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ~ sow◦mòwr#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘female pubic hair’Kosha 90: 10.4.5
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)2
1.4Meithei4
1.7.1.1Bodo1
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte1
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang2
2.1.1Western Himalayish4
Kanauris̱ẖik#1349 PTB *si(ŋ/k) ‘VAGINA’◦ts ‘vagina’Notice the reduction of the vowel to zero in Kanauri ts.Matisoff 87 BP
2.1.2Bodic1
2.1.2.1Tibetan3
2.1.3Lepcha1
2.1.4Tamangish5
2.1.5Dhimal1
2.3Kiranti1
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1
2.3.2Southern Kiranti7
2.3.3Central Kiranti2
Dumikaːprefix◦diʔ ‘vagina’For the front vowel in Dumi diʔ, cf. the variously transcribed Bantawa forms, probably actually with [ɨ].Michailovsky 91 Kr: 195
2.3.4Western Kiranti3
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang5
Chepang (Eastern)tuʔ◦menʔ#2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘female pubic hair’Caughley 90 CheQ: 10.4.5
3.1Tangut1
3.3rGyalrongic8
Ergong (Northern)stə⁵³ si⁵³#230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’MesorootsPTani *viː ‘BLOOD’PKC *thii ‘BLOOD’PCN *a-(h)jəjʔ ‘BLOOD’PTk *ʃi ‘BLOOD’PNN *C̥-həːy ‘BLOOD’PNN *syi ‘BLOOD’PLB *swəy² ‘BLOOD’PKar *swiᴮ ‘BLOOD’Allofams1a #230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’1b #5485 PTB *suy ‘MARROW’ ‘menstrual blood’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 10.4.7
Ergong (Northern)stə⁵³ si⁵³#230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’MesorootsPTani *viː ‘BLOOD’PKC *thii ‘BLOOD’PCN *a-(h)jəjʔ ‘BLOOD’PTk *ʃi ‘BLOOD’PNN *C̥-həːy ‘BLOOD’PNN *syi ‘BLOOD’PLB *swəy² ‘BLOOD’PKar *swiᴮ ‘BLOOD’Allofams1a #230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’1b #5485 PTB *suy ‘MARROW’ nə⁵³morpheme tʰie¹³morpheme v‘menstruate’Sun H 91 ErNQ: 10.4.6
3.3.1rGyalrong15
rGyalrongtəprefix ɕtu ɕi#230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’MesorootsPTani *viː ‘BLOOD’PKC *thii ‘BLOOD’PCN *a-(h)jəjʔ ‘BLOOD’PTk *ʃi ‘BLOOD’PNN *C̥-həːy ‘BLOOD’PNN *syi ‘BLOOD’PLB *swəy² ‘BLOOD’PKar *swiᴮ ‘BLOOD’Allofams1a #230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’1b #5485 PTB *suy ‘MARROW’ ‘menstrual blood’Dai 89 Jiar: 10.4.7
rGyalrongtəprefix ɕtu ɕi#230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’MesorootsPTani *viː ‘BLOOD’PKC *thii ‘BLOOD’PCN *a-(h)jəjʔ ‘BLOOD’PTk *ʃi ‘BLOOD’PNN *C̥-həːy ‘BLOOD’PNN *syi ‘BLOOD’PLB *swəy² ‘BLOOD’PKar *swiᴮ ‘BLOOD’Allofams1a #230 PTB *s-hywəy-t ‘BLOOD’1b #5485 PTB *suy ‘MARROW’ kəmorpheme ɕutmorpheme v.‘menstruate’Dai 89 Jiar: 10.4.6
rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦stə ku#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘vagina’Sun H 91 rNW: 10.4.1
rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦stə mtɕʰi#442 PTB *m-ts(y)ul ‘NOSE AND MOUTH / LIP / LOWER PART OF FACE’ ‘vulva / labia’Sun H 91 rNW: 10.4.2
rGyalrong (NW)təprefix◦stə rme#368 PTB *r-(n/m)ey ‘HAIR OF HEAD’ ‘female pubic hair’Sun H 91 rNW: 10.4.5
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦ʃtu kʰuŋ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’◦du#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘vagina’Sun H 91 rNQ: 10.4.1
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦ʃtu mor#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘female pubic hair’Sun H 91 rEQ: 10.4.5
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦ʃtu rme#368 PTB *r-(n/m)ey ‘HAIR OF HEAD’ ‘female pubic hair’Sun H 91 rNQ: 10.4.5
6.1.1Burmish1
6.1.2Loloish2
Lolophotv̩⁵⁵ mɯ³³#363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’MesorootsPKC *mul ⪤ *hmul ‘HAIR (body) / FUR / WOOL’Allofams1 #363 PTB *s/r-mul ⪤ *s-mil ⪤ *s-myal ‘HAIR / FUR / FEATHER’1a #1429 PTB *s-mu-t ‘BEARD / FACIAL HAIR / HAIR’1b #2058 PTB *mum ‘CHIN / BEARD’ ‘female pubic hair’Dai 89 Lolo: 10.4.5
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish5
Lalotu̪²¹ tɕʰy⁵⁵#1232 PTB *n-dzi-k ‘HAIR (HEAD)’PL *tsi¹ ‘HAIR (HEAD)’ ‘female pubic hair’Chen 86 Yi: 10.4.5
6.1.2.2Central Loloish15
Ahito⁵⁵ bi̱²¹#662 PTB *b(y)at ‘VAGINA’ ni²¹morpheme ‘vulva / labia’Ahi ni²¹ is the same as the first syllable of Ahi ni²¹ tɕi²² ‘lip’.Luo 90: 10.4.2
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish5
7Karenic2
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #661,
*s-tu ‘VAGINA / VULVA’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/661Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-661,
title = {{*s-tu 'VAGINA / VULVA'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #661},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/661}
}