STEDT #820
*(g/k)uŋ
HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART
Reconstruction analysis
handlekuŋinitialkrhymeuŋcoverK · N
Intermediate reconstructions
Northern Naga/Konyakian*koːŋ ‘EMPTY’
Tamangish*ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’
Kiranti*goŋ ‘HEART’
Lolo-Burmese*guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’
Loloish*koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’
Connections
HPTB*guŋ ⪤ *kuŋ ‘hollow / hole / empty’pp. 285, 310
HPTB (PLB)*guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘hollow / hole / empty’p. 285
Notes
This widespread etymon is similar to #665 PTB *kwar HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS (below), in that it typically occurs as the second morpheme in binomes referring to orifices of the body, especially EAR, NOSTRIL, and ANUS; occasionally it occurs in compounds for VAGINA.
This etymon is certainly allofamically related to #387 PTB *s-kawŋ HOLLOW / HOLLOW OBJECT / HEAD, as in the last syllable of, e.g. Lahu ó-qō ‘head’ < PLB *bʷu²-ʔgoŋ².
It is also very possible that it is allofamically related to #3432 PTB *huŋ HOLE. For remarks on velar/laryngeal interchange in TB, see #664 PTB *(h/k)ay VAGINA above.
There are excellent Chinese comparanda: 空 OC *k'ung, GSR #1172h ‘hollow, empty’ and 孔 OC *k'ung, GSR #1174a-b ‘very, greatly; empty’. Another likely Chinese relative is 肛 ‘anus’, Mand. gāng (not in GSR #1172), though this might fit better with #219 PTB *k(w)a(ŋ/k) WAIST / HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL / BACK. See ZJH’s discussion, below.
It is often difficult to distinguish reflexes of this etymon from those of #665 PTB *kwar HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS, especially with respect to Loloish and Qiangic. More than one allofam are evidently involved; cf. e.g. Lahu qhɔ ‘inside; hole’ ⪤ qō ‘hollow object’.
Chinese comparanda
空 OC *kʼung GSR #1172h ‘hollow, empty’; Li 1971: *khung; Baxter:1992:771 *khong; Mand. kōng.
孔 OC *kʼung, GSR #1174a ‘very, greatly; empty’; Li 1971: *khungx; Baxter 1992: *khongʔ; Mand. kǒng.
This OC-PTB comparison is long-recognized. See for example Simon 1929, Gong 1995 #75, Coblin 1986:71.
The Chinese forms are a perfect match for the TB reconstruction. For another example of this final correspondence, cf. #3447 PTB *(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *(t/d)waŋ MIDDLE / NAVEL. On the aspiration mismatch in the initial corresponce, see the discussion under #1654 PTB *pu EGG.
The two Chinese forms are clearly etymological doublets. Schuessler (2007:335) speculates that 孔 kǒng may be an ‘endoactive’ derivation meaning ‘hole’, from 空 kōng ‘hollow, empty’, lit. ‘that which is hollow, empty’.
肛 OC (see below) ‘lower intestines/anus’, GSR: not in #1172; Mand. gāng.
This word is not attested until the Middle Chinese period. The Old Chinese reconstruction would be *krung (Li)/*krong (Baxter) if we assume membership in GSR #1172; however, it is possible that the Old Chinese source is *krong (Li)/*krung (Baxter), and that the phonetic element of the character was chosen after the merger of these two OC finals. (The Mandarin pronunciation of 肛 gāng is irregular; we would expect jiāng.)
Schuessler (2007:251) suggests a comparison with WT gźaŋ ‘anus’; however, the vowel correspondence is not good (unless a late borrowing is involved). It is certainly possible that this word is in the same family as 空 kōng and 孔 kǒng, although the function of *-r- is not clear.
[ZJH]
Reflexes & cognates290 reflexes · 32 subgroups
0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2
1.1.1.1Western Tani4
1.1.2Deng8
1.3.3Zeme Group1
1.4Meithei4
Meitheina#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kong ‘ear’Marrison 67 Naga
Meitheinâ#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kông ‘ear’Matisoff 87 BP
Meitheina#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦koŋ nəp#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’◦thi#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ‘earwax’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.6.6
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang5
1.7.3.1Jingpho4
2.1.2Bodic2
2.1.2.1Tibetan9
Tibetan (Batang)na⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ khõ⁵⁵ ‘ear canal’Dai 89 Bata: 3.6.4
Tibetan (Written)mig#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-khuŋ ‘eyehole / eye socket’Matisoff 87 BP
2.1.4Tamangish26
Gurung (Ghachok)nā#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khu̩ ‘nostril’Matisoff 87 BP
Gurung (Ghachok)na#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦kʰũ ‘nostril’Glover 72 GuVo: 2.A.24
Tamang (Sahu)na#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’.'kʰuŋ ‘nostril’Taylor 72 TmVo: 2.23
Thakali (Tukche)kho◦toŋ#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘hole’Mazaudon 78 Tam: 26
Thakali (Tukche)kʰotoŋ tohŋ#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’-ci-wɔ ‘perforated’Hari 71a ThVo: 12.C.35
Thakali (Tukche)kʰo◦toŋ#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘hole’Hari 71a ThVo: 5.A.62
Thakali (Tukche)kʰo◦toŋ#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ soh-lɔ ‘bore (a hole)’Hari 71a ThVo: 8.B.7
2.3Kiranti1
2.3.2Southern Kiranti6
Kulungkhu◦lumˍ#690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’MesorootsPTani *lum ‘ROUND (GLOBULAR)’PKC *hluum ‘ROUND’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ ‘hole (in the ground)’Rai 75 Kul
2.3.3Central Kiranti2
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang10
Chepang (Eastern)hluŋ#1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’MesorootsPKC *luŋ ‘HEART / LIVER’PCN *m-luŋ ‘HEART / BE ROUND’PCN *ləm ‘HEAD / HEART / MIND’PTk *luŋ ‘HEART’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’◦(gore) ‘heart’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.3
Chepang (Eastern)no#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ghaŋ ‘ear canal’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.6.4
Chepang (Eastern)por#265 PTB *pur ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / RECTUM’◦ghaŋ ‘anus / rectum’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.12
3.1Tangut1
3.2Qiangic45
Ersuhtʃɛ⁵⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ ku⁵⁵ ‘anus / rectum’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersunɑ⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ku⁵⁵ ‘ear’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Ersunɑ⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ku⁵⁵ ‘ear’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 241.18
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ku ‘ear’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 241.8
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ku bu#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ ‘deaf person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 301.8
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ku̥ ‘ear’Sun J 86 Mawo
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ku ‘ear’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ku pamorpheme lamorpheme ‘earring’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 372.8
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kuə̥ ‘ear’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.6
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kuə̥ bu#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ ‘deaf’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.6.8
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kuə̥ kuəkumorpheme ‘inner ear’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.6.3
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kuə̥ kuənimorpheme ‘outer ear’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.6.2
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kuə̥ tsʰæmorpheme◦nʂə̥morpheme ‘earwax’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.6.6
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ku◦bu#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ ‘deaf person’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ku◦bu#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ ‘deaf’LaPolla 87: 73
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ku̥◦stabamorpheme ‘earlobe’Sun J 86 Mawo
Qiang (Mawo)nə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦ku◦tshamorpheme◦χʂmorpheme ‘earwax’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Mawo)ȵə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ku̥ n‘ear’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0081.08
Qiang (Mawo)ȵə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ku̥ bu#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ n‘deaf person’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0204.08
Qiang (Mawo)ȵə#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ku̥ pɑlmorpheme n‘earrings’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0484.08
Qiang (Mianchi)àprefix dàmorpheme-nə̀#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kɛ́ ‘wood ear fungus [grandmother-ear]’Evans 99 Qiang: 567
Qiang (Mianchi)nə̀#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kiè bú#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ ‘deaf person [ear-deaf]’Evans 99 Qiang: 261
Qiang (Mianchi)nə̀#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kɛ́ ‘ear’Evans 99 Qiang: 107
Qiang (Taoping)ȵi³¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kie³³ ‘ear’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)ȵi³¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kie³³ bu²³¹#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ ‘deaf person’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)ȵi³¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’kie³³ ‘ear’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 241.9
Qiang (Taoping)ȵi³¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’kie³³bu²⁴¹#1409 PTB *(b/p)aːŋ ‘DEAF’PCN *p(j)aŋ ‘DEAF’PL *baŋ² ‘DEAF’ ‘deaf person’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 301.9
3.3.1rGyalrong2
4Nungic1
6.1Lolo-Burmese2
6.1.1Burmish9
Achang (Lianghe)na³¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kɯ³¹ ‘ear’Dai 85 AcJZ
Burmese (Written)hna#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’-khôŋ ‘nose’Matisoff 93 PC
6.1.2Loloish1
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish24
Lalotɕʰi²¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ kʰu̪⁵⁵ ‘anus / rectum’Chen 86 Yi: 9.12
Laloʔnɑ⁵⁵#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’ kʰu̪³³#809 PTB *(k/g)ywaŋ ‘NOSE’ kʰu̪⁵⁵ du̪⁵⁵#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘nostril’Chen 86 Yi: 3.5.2
Nasuɬi³³#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’ xo³³ du³³#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus / rectum’Chen 86 Yi: 9.12
Yi (Liangshan)ʑi⁵⁵#1612 PTB *k-y(i/u)m ‘HOUSE’PKC *ʔim ‘HOUSE’PCN *a-jam ‘HOUSE / VILLAGE’PTk *ʃim ‘HOUSE’TGTM *ᴮdim ‘HOUSE’PLB *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PL *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PKar *hyi[m] ‘HOUSE’khu³³ʑi⁵⁵#1612 PTB *k-y(i/u)m ‘HOUSE’PKC *ʔim ‘HOUSE’PCN *a-jam ‘HOUSE / VILLAGE’PTk *ʃim ‘HOUSE’TGTM *ᴮdim ‘HOUSE’PLB *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PL *yim¹ ‘HOUSE’PKar *hyi[m] ‘HOUSE’ɕɿ³³morpheme ‘house, inside the’Ma 08 Yi: index
6.1.2.2Central Loloish55
Jinuona³³#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kho⁴⁴ n‘ear’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0081.44
Jinuona³³#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’kho⁵⁵ ‘ear’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 241.34
Jinuo (Baya/Banai)na⁴⁴#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kʰo⁵⁵ ‘ear’Dai 89 JinA: 107
Jinuo (Baka)n̥a⁴⁴#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kʰu⁵⁵ ‘ear’Dai 89 JinB: 107
Jinuo (Youle)n̥ɑ³³#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kʰo⁵⁵ ‘ear’Gai 86
Lahu (Lancang)qhɔ³³#3581 PTB *s-gaŋ ‘MOUNTAIN / RIDGE / HILL’qo¹¹ n‘cave (mountain)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0028.43
Lahu (Black)cì#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’-qhɔ ‘gums / tooth-socket’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)nā#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’-qhɔ̂#809 PTB *(k/g)ywaŋ ‘NOSE’-qhɔ ‘nostril’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-qhɔ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-qhɔ ‘anus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-qhɔ-dì#1243 PTB *m-di ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / FLESHY PART / WAIST / BACK’ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-qhɔ-pɨ#276 PTB *(p/b)i ‘ROUNDED PART / NIPPLE / FOREHEAD / SHOULDER’ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-tû#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’-qhɔ ‘anus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Yellow)qɔ³¹#3361 PTB *gwaŋ ‘NECK / THROAT’PTani *gruŋ? ‘THROAT’PTk *kʰoŋ ‘NECK’PLB *ʔgoŋ² ‘NECK / NECK-LIKE PART’ qʰɔ³³ ‘throat’Chang 86
Lisu (Central)hchi⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-hku⁴ ‘anus’Fraser 22
Lisuhhi⁵#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’-hku⁴ ‘anus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lisu (Northern)khi²¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’khu³³ ‘anus’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisukhi³¹#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’khu̱³³ n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.40
Lisu (Northern)lɔ³³morphemehɤ²¹morpheme tʃhu³³morphemekhu³³ ‘lime-kiln; cave dwelling’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisuna¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-paw³#812 PTB *b(r)aŋ ‘EAR / LOBELIKE PART’PL *ʔbaŋ¹ ‘EAR’ hku⁴ ‘earhole’Matisoff 87 BP
Lisu (Northern)tɔ⁵⁵#661 PTB *s-tu ‘VAGINA / VULVA’PTani *tɯ ‘VULVA / VAGINA’PKC *tshuu ‘VULVA / VAGINA’PKir *tu ‘VAGINA’khu³³ N‘vagina; orifice’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɣa⁵⁵#2166 PTB *b-rak ‘ROCK / STONE’PLB *ʔ-rakᴸ ‘ROCK / STONE’khu²¹ ‘rock cave’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɣa⁵⁵#2166 PTB *b-rak ‘ROCK / STONE’PLB *ʔ-rakᴸ ‘ROCK / STONE’khu³³ ‘stone cave; hole in rock’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)ɣa⁵⁵#2166 PTB *b-rak ‘ROCK / STONE’PLB *ʔ-rakᴸ ‘ROCK / STONE’tɕi³³morphemekhu²¹ ‘cave; stone cave’Bradley 94 Lisu
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish15
Ugongnɪ́#545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’Allofams114 #1285 PTB *m-(l/n)ey ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114a #1284 PTB *m-ley ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114b #545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’ kɔŋ ‘penis hole’Bradley 93 Ugo
6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5
6.2Naxi38
Laze (Xiangjiao)læ˩#1269 PTB *r-lu(ŋ/k) ‘STONE’PTani *lɯŋ ‘STONE’PKC *luŋ ‘STONE / ROCK’PCN *luŋ ‘STONE, ROCK’PTk *luŋ ‘STONE’PBG *loʔŋ-tai ‘STONE’PNN *C̥-luŋ ‘STONE’TGTM *ᴮʰjuŋ ‘STONE’PKir *ʔluŋ ‘STONE’PLB *k-lok ⪤ *k-loŋ ‘STONE’PL *k-lokᴸ ‘STONE’PKar *loŋᴮ ‘STONE, ROCK’qʰɔ˩ ‘cave, cavern’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 81
Laze (Xiangjiao)njɤ˧#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’gɤ˥#809 PTB *(k/g)ywaŋ ‘NOSE’ qʰɔ˥ ‘nostril’[Source note] “nose hole”Michaud 06 NaLaze: 264
Laze (Xiangjiao)qʰæ˥#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’qʰɔ˥ ‘anus’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 408
Na (Yongning)dʑi˧#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’qʰv˧ ‘well’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)dʑi˩#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’pɤ˩morphemeqʰv˩˧ ‘spring’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)dʑi˩#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’pɤ˩morphemetv˩morphemeqʰv˧˩ ‘spring’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)æ˩morphemeqʰv˧˩ ‘cave, cavern (difficult to enter, or too small for a person to enter)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)ɲi˧#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’qʰv˧ ‘nostril; nasal mucus, snot’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)ʁwɤ˧morphemeqʰv˧dʑi˧morpheme ‘cave, cavern (with broad opening; easy to get in)’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Naxi (Lijiang)dze³³#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’kho³³ ‘well’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 22.28
Naxidʑi²¹#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’kho³³ n‘well’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0035.45
Naxidʑi²¹#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’kho³³ n‘spring (water)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0049.45
Naxi (Yongning)dʑi³³#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’khəɹ³³ ‘pond’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 21.29
Naxi (Yongning)dʑi³³#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’khəɹ³³ ‘well’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 22.29
Naxi (Lijiang)kho³³lo³³#690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’MesorootsPTani *lum ‘ROUND (GLOBULAR)’PKC *hluum ‘ROUND’Allofams2 #5731 PTB *s-lum ⪤ *b/m-lu(m/ŋ) ‘ROUND / ROUND OBJECT / HEART / EYEBALL’2a #690 PTB *s-lum ‘ROUND’2b #1427 PTB *b-lum ‘EYE / EYEBALL / HEART / ROUND OBJECT’2c #1381 PTB *m-lu(ŋ/m) ‘HEART / ROUND’ ‘hole’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 34.28
7Karenic7
Bwenɛ̀#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-kú ‘ear’Weidert 87 TBTo: 931
Bwenɛ#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-kú n‘ear’Henderson 97 Kar
Bwe (Western)nɛ²#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ku¹ ‘ear’Weidert 87 TBTo: 931
Bwe (Western)nɛ²#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ku¹ ‘ear’Luce 85: G.45
Gebañĩ²#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’gu² ‘ear’Luce 85: G.45
8Bai3
9.0.1Old Chinese2
9.0.3Modern Chinese4
Chinese (Mandarin)ěr#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-kǒng ‘earhole’Matisoff PC
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #820,
*(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/820Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp.285, 310
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-820,
title = {{*(g/k)uŋ 'HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #820},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/820}
}