STEDT #635
*m-dzyway
TOOTH / TUSK
Reconstruction analysis
handlecwayprefixminitialcwrhymeaycoverTS · W
Intermediate reconstructions
Lolo-Burmese*jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’
Loloish*ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’
Connections
HPTB*m-dzyway ‘tooth / tusk’p. 212
Reflexes & cognates166 reflexes · 19 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)2
2.1.2Bodic2
2.1.2.1Tibetan11
Spitichi◦ya#634 PTB *s-ŋya ‘TUSK / TOOTH’PCC *hŋaw ‘FANG / CANINE TOOTH’ ‘tooth (wisdom)’Bodh 91: 3.10.4
Tibetan (Written)mche-so#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘tusk / canine tooth’Matisoff 87 pc: 165
2.1.4Tamangish5
3.2Qiangic6
Guiqionghui⁵³ nɛ⁵³#504 PTB *r/m-nil ‘GUMS’PKC *ha-nii ⪤ *-hnii ‘GUMS’ ‘gums’Guiqiong hui⁵³ could be a different rendering of xɯi⁵³ ‘tooth’ .Sun H 91 GuiQ
Qiang (Mawo)ʂə#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ (dzə/ʁlɑŋ#3318 PTB *glaŋ ‘OX / BULLOCK / ELEPHANT’PNN *C̥-glaːŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PLB *ʔlaŋ¹/³ ‘ELEPHANT’◦bumorpheme◦tɕimorpheme◦kəprefix◦ʂəmorpheme) ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Sun H 91 MawQ: 3.10.6
Qiang (Mawo)ʂə#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’◦z ‘gums’This form is found on Qiangyu Jianzhi p. 38. Jackson Sun’s Mawo consultant does not recognize this form; for him, ʂə-z means ‘canine tooth’; dzə ‘fang’. On Sun Hongkai’s own body part sheets, he gives the Mawo form ʂə-zdi instead of ʂə-z.Sun H 81 Qia
3.3rGyalrongic5
3.3.1rGyalrong8
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦ndzə ʁa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.10.3
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦ndzə◦ʁa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.10.6
rGyalrong (Northern)təprefix◦ndʐi ʃʁa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth (incisor)’Sun H 91 rNQ: 3.10.1
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦swa#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ndzui ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.10.3
6.1Lolo-Burmese3
6.1.1Burmish29
Achang (Xiandao)cʰaŋ⁵⁵#2731 PLB *tsaŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PKar *k-chaŋᴬ ‘ELEPHANT’ cui⁵⁵ ‘tusk (of elephant)’Dai 89 Xian: 359
Bolatsʰɔ̃⁵⁵#2731 PLB *tsaŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PKar *k-chaŋᴬ ‘ELEPHANT’ tui⁵⁵ ‘tusk (of elephant)’Dai 89 Bola: 359
Lashikhui⁵⁵#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ tsɿ³¹ ‘eyetooth / canine tooth’Dai 89 Lash: 3.10.3
Lashitshaŋ³³#2731 PLB *tsaŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PKar *k-chaŋᴬ ‘ELEPHANT’ tsɿ³¹ ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Dai 89 Lash: 3.10.6
Maru [Langsu]tshɛ̃³¹#2731 PLB *tsaŋ ‘ELEPHANT’PKar *k-chaŋᴬ ‘ELEPHANT’ tsɔi³¹ ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Dai 89 Lang: 3.10.6
6.1.2Loloish1
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish26
Gazhuosɿ³¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ sɿ³³ ‘tooth’Dai 87 Gazh
Gazhuosɿ³¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ sɿ³³ ‘tooth’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.10
Gazhuosɿ³¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’sɿ³³ ‘tooth’Dai 91 TB15
Nasuxo̱³³#3317 PTB *s-ya ‘ELEPHANT’PL *ʔ-ya³ ‘ELEPHANT’ dʐɵ³³ ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Chen 86 Yi: 3.10.6
6.1.2.2Central Loloish50
Ahitɕʻi²¹#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ tʂɑ²² ‘eyetooth / canine tooth / fang’Luo 90: 3.10.3
Lahu (Black)cì-g̈àʔ#5669 PTB *rak ‘WEAVE / DRIVE / CHASE’PLB *rakᴸ ‘WEAVE / DRIVE / CHASE’-masuffix ‘molar’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)cì-qhɔ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘gums / tooth-socket’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)cì-šā#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’ ‘gums’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Yellow)sv̩³¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ tɕʰi³³ ‘tooth’Chang 86
Lisusi⁵#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ hchi³ ‘tooth’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 160
Lisusi⁵#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’-hchi³ ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP
Lisusi⁵#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’hchi³ ‘tooth’Bradley 79 PLo: 96A
Lisusi⁵#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’hchi³ ‘tusk’Bradley 79 PLo: 96B
Lisu (Theng-yüeh)si⁵#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’hchi⁵ ‘tooth’Luce 85: T.13
Lisu (Putao)sɤ⁵#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’chɪ⁵ ‘tooth’Luce 85: T.13
Lisu (Nujiang)sɿ³¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ tʃʰi̱⁴⁴ ‘tooth’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisusɿ³¹#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’tʃhi⁴⁴ ‘tooth’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 244.27
Sani [Nyi]tʂi³³mɒ³³suffixnɒ³³#160 PTB *na-n/t ‘ILL / PAIN / SORE / ACHE / DIFFICULT / EVIL SPIRIT’PKC *naa-I, nat-II ‘PAINFUL / SICK’PTk *na ‘HURT’PLB *nan ⪤ *nat ‘SPIRIT / DEMON’PL *C-natᴸ ‘SPIRIT’PL *C-na¹ ‘ILL / SICK’ ‘toothache’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]tʂʅ³³ nɑ³³#160 PTB *na-n/t ‘ILL / PAIN / SORE / ACHE / DIFFICULT / EVIL SPIRIT’PKC *naa-I, nat-II ‘PAINFUL / SICK’PTk *na ‘HURT’PLB *nan ⪤ *nat ‘SPIRIT / DEMON’PL *C-natᴸ ‘SPIRIT’PL *C-na¹ ‘ILL / SICK’ ‘toothache’Ma 89 SanQ: 341.4
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish10
7Karenic2
Pa-Otəprefix◦ŋà#634 PTB *s-ŋya ‘TUSK / TOOTH’PCC *hŋaw ‘FANG / CANINE TOOTH’ cwɛ́ ‘canine tooth’Solnit 89 PaO
8Bai8
9Sinitic1
9.0.1Old Chinese1
9.0.2Middle Chinese1
9.0.3Modern Chinese3
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #635,
*m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/635Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB p. 212
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-635,
title = {{*m-dzyway 'TOOTH / TUSK'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #635},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/635}
}