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The Body › Mouth and Throat › Tooth › Eyetooth/Tusk/Canine Tooth

STEDT #634

*s-ŋya

TUSK / TOOTH

Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary · provisional

Reconstruction analysis

handleŋaprefixsinitialŋrhymeacoverM · V

Intermediate reconstructions

Central Chin*hŋaw ‘FANG / CANINE TOOTH’PKC #912 ("PCC")

Connections

HPTB*d-ŋa ‘tooth’p. 175

See also#633

Notes

This root was set up as *d-ŋa in HPTB 175, with the erroneous note that the only reflex in TB was the Pa-O Karen form.

Chinese comparandum

牙 OC *ngɑ̊, GSR #37a-b; B & S 2011: *m-ɢˁ‹r›a; Mand. yá.

Reflexes & cognates55 reflexes · 22 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)1

*Tibeto-Burmand-ŋa ‘tooth’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 605

1.1.1.1Western Tani1

Miri, Hillgam#630 PTB *gam ‘JAW / CHIN / MOLAR’-ɲa ‘molar’Simon 76 Miri

1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin2

Matupino⁴ ‘tooth’Luce 85: N.4

Matupinɔ⁴ ‘tooth’Luce 85: N.4

1.2.2Central Chin5

*Central Chinhŋaw ‘FANG / CANINE TOOTH’VanBik 09 PKC: 912

Lai (Hakha)hǎw ‘fang (of animal), canine tooth’VanBik 09 PKC: 912

Lushai [Mizo]ngho ‘tusk’Matisoff 87 BP

Lushai [Mizo]ǔimorpheme nghò ‘canine tooth’VanBik 09 PKC: 912

1.2.3Maraic1

Tha'oanɔ¹ ‘tooth’Luce 85: N.4

1.4Meithei10

Meitheihuy#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’-ya ‘eyetooth / canine tooth’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10.3

Meitheisa#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’◦mumorpheme məprefix◦ya ‘tusk (of elephant, boar)’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10.6

Meitheiya ‘tooth’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10

Meitheiya ‘tooth’Marrison 67 Naga

Meitheiyâ ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

Meitheiya-khəymorpheme ‘tooth (wisdom)’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10.4

Meitheiyaʔ◦khəymorpheme ‘tooth (wisdom)’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10.4

Meitheiya◦maŋ#1210 PTB *maŋ ‘FRONT’ ‘tooth (incisor)’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10.1

Meitheiya◦pəŋ#1728 PTB *b/k-(l)aŋ ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.10.2

Meitheiya◦ri#504 PTB *r/m-nil ‘GUMS’PKC *ha-nii ⪤ *-hnii ‘GUMS’ ‘gums’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.7.3

1.5Mikir [Karbi]1

Mikir [Karbi]ang#5450 PTB *ʔa(ŋ/k)- ‘NOUN PREFIX’◦ni ‘tooth (canine)’Matisoff 87 BP

1.6Mru1

Mruhngou ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

1.7.3.2Asakian2

Chairelyɑ ‘tooth’Luce 85: K.57

Luiya ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.2Bodic1

Baimaŋø¹³ shɐ⁵³#632 PTB *s/p-wa ‘TOOTH’PTani *fiː ‘TOOTH’PKC *haa ‘TOOTH’PCN *p-hwa ‘TOOTH’PTk *ha ‘TOOTH’PNN *swaᴮ ‘TOOTH’PLB *swa² ‘TOOTH’PL *swa² ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth (incisor)’Sun H 91 Baim: 3.10.1

2.3.3Central Kiranti6

*Dum-Thu-Khaŋi◦lu#1322 PTB *s-k-lu ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 188

Dumiŋi◦loː#1322 PTB *s-k-lu ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 188

Dumiŋi◦loː#1322 PTB *s-k-lu ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth / fang’Driem 93 Dumi

Khaling'kāem#630 PTB *gam ‘JAW / CHIN / MOLAR’◦nga◦lu#1322 PTB *s-k-lu ‘TOOTH’ ‘molar’Matisoff 87 BP

Khaling'nga◦lu#1322 PTB *s-k-lu ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

Khalingnga◦lu#1322 PTB *s-k-lu ‘TOOTH’ ‘tooth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 188

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Bahingka◦kam#630 PTB *gam ‘JAW / CHIN / MOLAR’ ‘tooth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 190

3.1Tangut2

Tangut [Xixia]kụo ‘tooth’Dai 89 Xixi: 3.10

Tangut [Xixia]kụo² ‘tooth’Sofronov 97

3.2Qiangic1

Queyu (Yajiang) [Zhaba]ku⁵³ ‘tooth’Sun H 91 ZhaQ: 3.10

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish2

Ugongka ‘tooth’Bradley 93 Ugo: 3.10

Ugongka◦khlɪ́#572 PTB *kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’PKC *mik-khlii ‘TEARS’PCN *a-khləjʔ ‘FECES, EXCREMENT’TGTM *ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’PKar *khrejᴮ ‘BODY DIRT’/ka◦sé̩ŋ#1655 PTB *g/b-syaŋ ‘SHIT / FILTH / EXCREMENT / RUST / BLIGHT’PLB *z(y)aŋ² ‘EXCREMENT / RUST / BLIGHT’ ‘tooth dirt’Bradley 93 Ugo

7Karenic4

Pa-Otə́ʔ|ŋá ‘tooth’Matisoff 87 BP

Pa-Otə́ʔmorpheme◦ŋà ‘tooth’Jones 61: 521

Pa-Otəprefix◦ŋà ‘tooth’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-Otəprefix◦ŋà cwɛ́#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’ ‘canine tooth’Solnit 89 PaO

8Bai1

Bai (Jianchuan)khuɑ̃³³#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ ŋɛ̱²¹ ‘tooth (canine)’Xu 84 Bai

9Sinitic2

Chinese (Hanzi)牙 ‘tooth’BaxterSagart 2011: 3264

Chinese (Hanzi)牙齿 ‘tooth’also contains *m-dzywayNagano 2013 rGyDB: 0040

9.0.1Old Chinese2

Chinese (Old/Mid)ngɑ̊/ngɑ ‘tooth’Karlgren 57 GSR: 37a-b

Chinese (Old/Mid)ŋɑ̊/ŋɑ ‘tooth’Chou 72: 37a-b

9.0.3Modern Chinese6

Chinese (Mandarin)liáomorpheme-yá ‘tooth (fang)’Sun J 85 ChGl: 243

Chinese (Mandarin)ménmorpheme-yá ‘tooth (incisor)’Sun J 85 ChGl: 385

Chinese (Mandarin)quǎn#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’-yá ‘tooth (canine)’Sun J 85 ChGl: 118

Chinese (Mandarin)quǎn#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’-yá ‘tooth (fang)’Sun J 85 ChGl: 243

Chinese (Mandarin)yá◦chǐ#635 PTB *m-dzyway ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PLB *jway¹ ‘TOOTH / TUSK’PL *ʔ-cway¹ ‘TUSK’ ‘tooth’Evans 91

Chinese (Mandarin)yɑ ‘tooth’Karlgren 57 GSR: 37a-b

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #634, *s-ŋya ‘TUSK / TOOTH’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/634

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB p. 175

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-634,
  title  = {{*s-ŋya 'TUSK / TOOTH'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #634},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/634}
}