Reconstruction analysis
handlekləy >initialklrhymeəy > tšcoverK · WTS
Intermediate reconstructions
Tamangish*ᴬkli ‘FECES,SHIT’
Connections
HPTB*kləy ‘excrement’pp. 21, 189, 201
Poss. allofam#573
Notes
This root is phonosemantically close to #2336 PTB *krəy DIRT / FILTH, but must be kept separate, since many languages have distinct reflexes.
Chinese comparandum
屎 OC *śi̯ər, GSR #561d ‘excrement’; Schuessler 2007:465 *lhiʔ; B & S 2011: *qʰijʔ ; Mand. shǐ.
Reflexes & cognates846 reflexes · 44 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)9
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani2
1.1.2Deng29
Darang [Taraon]kay-yaːng#577 PTB *r/s-kya(k/ŋ) ‘SHIT / EXCREMENT’ ‘intestines / bowels’Matisoff 87 BP
1.2Kuki-Chin1
1.2.1.1Northern Chin1
1.2.1.2Southern Plains Chin1
Ashoaprefix◦mǐ#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-kʻlí ‘tear’VanBik 09 PKC: 1306
1.2.2Central Chin2
1.2.3Maraic4
Lakher [Mara]mo#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-thli s‘tears’Matisoff 87 BP
Lakher [Mara]mō#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-thlì ‘tears’VanBik 09 PKC: 1306
1.2.4“Old Kuki”1
1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)22
Ao (Chungli)kimorpheme◦tsung#1628 PTB *ts(y)uːŋ ‘NAVEL / CENTER’MesorootsPKC *tshuŋ ‘INSIDE / WITHIN / HOUSEHOLD’Allofams44 #3584 PTB *(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *ts(y)uːŋ ‘MIDDLE / CENTER / INSIDE / NAVEL’44a #3447 PTB *(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *(t/d)waŋ ‘MIDDLE / NAVEL’44b #1628 PTB *ts(y)uːŋ ‘NAVEL / CENTER’◦sü ‘lizard’Clark 1911:304 says “KITSUNGSV̥, (house deity dung), the gecko or small house lizard or wall lizard.” Coupe (2007: 489), on the other hand, segments the Mongsen cognate kì-tsəŋ-ti ‘house gecko’ as ‘house’ + INSIDE + ‘older sibling’.Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Chungli)ku²#7627 PCN *khuʔ ‘WOUND / INJURY / SCAR’mu³#1788 PTB *r-ma-t ‘WOUND / SCAR / INJURY / NETTLE’PKC *hmaa ‘WOUND / SCAR’PCN *hma ‘WOUND, SORE’PTk *ma ‘SCAR / WOUND’sə¹tsə¹#1631 PTB *tsyu ‘WATER / LIQUID / BODY FLUID’PCN *a-tʃə ‘WATER’TGTM * ᴮkjui ‘WATER’ n.‘pus’Bruhn 14 SuppCN
Ao (Chungli)tsük#36 PTB *m-dz(y)a-k/n/t/s ‘EAT / FOOD / FEED / RICE’PKC *θaʔ ‘FEED’PCN *tsaʔ ‘EAT’PCN *a-tsa-k ‘RICE (paddy)’PTk *tsa ‘EAT’PTk *tsaat ‘RICE (COOKED)’◦sü n‘chaff’Marrison 67 Naga
Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)na#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’-tsə́ʔ n.‘snot, dried ('nose' + 'faeces')’Coupe 07 Ao
1.4Meithei4
Meitheina#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦koŋ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ nəp#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’◦thi ‘earwax’Singh 91 MeiQ: 3.6.6
1.5Mikir [Karbi]6
Mikir [Karbi]mék#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-krí n.‘tears’Grüssner 79 BP: 168
1.7.1.1Bodo22
Bodome#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦gón#3557 NEIA *gon ‘EYE’ mimorpheme◦kí ‘excrement of the eye’Bhat 68 Boro
Kokborokkʰi-kor#665 PTB *kwar ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNARDS’PKC *kuar ‘HOLLOW / SUNKEN’PKC *kua ‘HOLE / BURROW / CAVITY’PKC *khur ⪤ *khor ‘DITCH / HOLE / PIT / WELL (n.)’PCN *a-ku ⪤ *a-khən ‘HOLE’PTk *kʰur ‘HOLE / ANUS’PNN *gor ‘HOLE / CAVE’ ‘anus’Tripuri 88
Kokborokkʰi-lam#1017 PTB *lam ‘ROAD’PTani *lam ‘ROAD’PKC *lam ‘WAY / PATH / ROAD’PKC *lam ‘DIRECTION / SIDE / TOWARDS’PCN *laːm ‘PATH, ROAD, WAY’PBG *lam ‘ROAD’TGTM *ᴮgjam ‘ROAD’PKir *ʔlam ‘ROAD / PATH’ ‘buttock’Tripuri 88
1.7.1.2Garo11
Garo (Bangladesh)ki'-sammorpheme-bumorpheme ‘anus, butt end of something, filter of a cigarette’Burling 92 GaBa
Garo (Bangladesh)ki'-sang#3358 PTB *saŋ ‘BUTTOCK’ ‘buttocks, rump, backside, behind, rump; back end of anything, as a flashlight, bottom, bottom of a basket, glass, or pot’Burling 92 GaBa
Garo (Bangladesh)ki'-sang#3358 PTB *saŋ ‘BUTTOCK’-timorpheme ‘buttock / hind end of an animal’Burling 92 GaBa
Garo (Bangladesh)ki'-sang#3358 PTB *saŋ ‘BUTTOCK’-timorpheme ki'-tingmorpheme ‘hard point at middle back pelvis’Burling 92 GaBa
Garo (Bangladesh)mik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-ki ‘eye sand’Burling 92 GaBa
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
1.7.3.1Jingpho21
Jingphokum³¹morphemeʒa³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khji⁵⁵ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.19
Jingphomyìʔ#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦hkyi ‘eye sand’Matisoff 87 BP
Jingphone³¹#545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’Allofams114 #1285 PTB *m-(l/n)ey ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114a #1284 PTB *m-ley ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114b #545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’khji⁵⁵ n.‘smegma’Dai 83 Jing
Jingphosă⁵⁵prefixku⁵¹#6034 PTB *s-gu ‘SHEEP’khji⁵⁵ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.19
2.1.1Western Himalayish8
2.1.2Bodic19
2.1.2.1Tibetan7
2.1.3Lepcha2
2.1.4Tamangish54
Gurung (Ghachok)mi#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦li s‘tears’Matisoff 87 BP
Gurung (Ghachok)mi#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦li ‘tears’Glover 72 GuVo: 2.A.65
Gurung (Ghachok)nah#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kli ‘earwax’Matisoff 87 BP
Gurung (Ghachok)nəh#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kli ‘earwax’Glover 72 GuVo: 2.A.64
Manang (Gyaru)mi¹#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ gi¹ ‘tears’Nagano 84 Man: 005
Manang (Prakaa)³mi#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦ki ‘tears’Hoshi 84: 0006
Tamang (Risiangku)²mi#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦kʰli n‘tears’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.4.6
Tamang (Risiangku)³na#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kʰli n‘earwax’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 3.6.6
Tamang (Risiangku)¹kli-⁴kal#201 PTB *m-kal ⪤ *s-gal ‘BACK (lower) / KIDNEY / LOAD / CARRY’PKC *kal ‘KIDNEY’PTk *kal ‘KIDNEY’ n‘anus’Mazaudon 91 TamQ: 9.12
Tamang (Sahu)mik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-khli ‘tears’Matisoff 78 VSTB
Tamang (Sahu)mik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦khli◦māːhmorpheme s‘tears’Matisoff 87 BP
Tamang (Sahu)mik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦kʰli◦maːhmorpheme ‘tears’Taylor 72 TmVo: 2.62
Tamang (Sahu)nak#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-khli ‘earwax’Matisoff 78 VSTB
Tamang (Sahu)nak#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦khli ‘earwax’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)nah#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-ki ‘earwax’Matisoff 87 BP
2.2Newar7
2.3Kiranti2
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti10
Limbuhi-e#576 PTB *ya(k) ‘SHIT / FECES / DUNG / EXCREMENT’PTani *eː ‘EXCREMENT’PKC *ʔeek ‘EXCREMENT / DUNG / STOOL’PKar *ʔéq ‘EXCREMENT’PKar *Ɂeᴮ ‘DUNG, EXCREMENT’-māsuffix v.‘shit’Matisoff 87 BP
2.3.2Southern Kiranti19
Bantawana#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khïa ‘snot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 162
Bantawana#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khï◦wamorpheme ‘snot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 162
Bantawana#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khU(wa) ‘nasal discharge’Rai 85 BnDs
Chamlingkhi◦lam#1017 PTB *lam ‘ROAD’PTani *lam ‘ROAD’PKC *lam ‘WAY / PATH / ROAD’PKC *lam ‘DIRECTION / SIDE / TOWARDS’PCN *laːm ‘PATH, ROAD, WAY’PBG *lam ‘ROAD’TGTM *ᴮgjam ‘ROAD’PKir *ʔlam ‘ROAD / PATH’ ‘anus’Winter 85: 20
Chamlingna#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khe ‘snot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 162
Chamlingna#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khle ‘snot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 162
Chamlingna#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khle ‘snot’Winter 85: 25
2.3.3Central Kiranti12
Duminu#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khil ‘snot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 162
Duminu#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khil ‘snot, mucus’Driem 93 Dumi
Khaling'ne#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khli ‘nasal catarrh / snot’Matisoff 87 BP
2.3.4Western Kiranti20
Bahingne#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khli ‘snot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 162
Sunwarne#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khi ‘nasal catarrh / snot’Matisoff 87 BP
Thulungna#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦khli ‘snot’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 162
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang59
Chepangbonʔmorpheme.yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’.kliʔ n.‘large intestine’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangbonʔmorpheme.yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’.kliʔ n.‘large intestine’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangdummorpheme.yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’.kliʔ n.‘small intestine’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangkliʔ.dhəmmorpheme.bəmorpheme.raymorpheme n2.‘tree (sp.), medium-sized, smells like dung’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangmik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’-kliʔ ‘tears’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.A.65
Chepangmik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’.kliʔ s‘tears’Matisoff 87 BP
Chepangneh#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’-kliʔ ‘mucus (nasal)’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.A.66
Chepangneh#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’. kliʔ ‘nasal catarrh / snot’Matisoff 87 BP
Chepangneh#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’.kliʔ n.‘nasal mucus’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangneh#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’.kliʔ n.‘nasal mucus’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangno#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-kliʔ ‘earwax’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.A.64
Chepangno#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’.kliʔ ‘earwax’Matisoff 87 BP
Chepangno#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’.kliʔ n.‘earwax’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangno#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’.kliʔ n.‘earwax’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangpuh#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’.kliʔ n.‘brain’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangpuh#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’.kliʔ n.‘brain’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangpuʱ#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’-khliʔ ‘brain’Weidert 87 TBTo: 619
Chepangpu#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’◦hkliʔ ‘brain’Caughley 72 CVoc: 2.A.16
Chepangwirhmorpheme.yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’.kliʔ n.‘small intestine’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangwirhmorpheme.yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’.kliʔ n.‘intestine (small)’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepangyurʔmorpheme.yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’.kliʔ n.‘small intestine’Caughley 00 Chepang
Chepang (Eastern)dummorpheme◦yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’◦kliʔ ‘large intestine’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.11.1
Chepang (Eastern)mik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦kliʔ ‘tears’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.4.6
Chepang (Eastern)mik#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’◦kliʔ ‘eye sand’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.4.7
Chepang (Eastern)neh#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦kli ‘liquid mucus’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.5.6
Chepang (Eastern)neh#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦kli ‘solid mucus’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.5.7
Chepang (Eastern)no#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’◦kliʔ ‘earwax’Caughley 90 CheQ: 3.6.6
Chepang (Eastern)puh#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’◦kli ‘brain’Caughley 90 CheQ: 2.5
Chepang (Eastern)puh#385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’MesorootsPKC *ʔuu ‘ELDER SIBLING’Allofams1 #385 PTB *d-bu-s ‘HEAD / CENTER / SENIOR MALE RELATIVE / UNCLE’1a #1223 PTB *du ‘HEAD’◦kliʔ ‘brain’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.1
Chepang (Eastern)wirhmorpheme◦yoŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’◦kli ‘small intestine’Caughley 90 CheQ: 9.11.2
Kham'ki◦kũː#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus / rectum’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.A.46
3.1Tangut3
3.2Qiangic35
Ersuhtʃɛ⁵⁵ ku⁵⁵#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus / rectum’Sun H 91 ErsQ
Qiang (Mawo)stɤ#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’ xuʴ ‘snot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 278.8
Qiang (Mawo)stɤ#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’◦xuʴ ‘snot’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)χȵi⁵⁵#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’ tsuə³³ ‘snot’Sun H 81 Qia
Qiang (Taoping)χȵi⁵⁵#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’tsuə³³ ‘snot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 278.9
3.3rGyalrongic3
3.3.1rGyalrong9
rGyalrongtəprefix po#2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’MesorootsPKC *poo ‘BELLY / STOMACH’TGTM *ᴮpho ‘BELLY’PKar *g-phowᴬ ‘STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ lɐŋ#3460 PTB *laŋ ‘STOMACH / INTERNAL ORGAN’ tʃɐ ‘intestines’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 271.12
rGyalrong (Maerkang)təprefix po#2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’MesorootsPKC *poo ‘BELLY / STOMACH’TGTM *ᴮpho ‘BELLY’PKar *g-phowᴬ ‘STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ nɐŋ#2117 PTB *g/m-yaŋ ‘LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)’ tʃɐ nbp‘intestine’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0149.11
rGyalrongtəprefix rȵa#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ pʰɕɛ ‘earwax’Dai 89 Jiar: 3.6.6
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦laŋ#3460 PTB *laŋ ‘STOMACH / INTERNAL ORGAN’◦tʃe ‘intestines / bowels’Sun H 91 rEQ: 9.11
rGyalrong (Eastern)təprefix◦rna#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ pʰʃe ‘earwax’Sun H 91 rEQ: 3.6.6
rGyalronglang#3460 PTB *laŋ ‘STOMACH / INTERNAL ORGAN’ ce kimorpheme chemmorpheme ‘small intestines’Nagano 97 GyQ: 9.11.2
rGyalronglang#3460 PTB *laŋ ‘STOMACH / INTERNAL ORGAN’ ce kimorpheme pammorpheme ‘large intestines’Nagano 97 GyQ: 9.11.1
4Nungic4
Nungdʑi³¹#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’ khi⁵⁵u³¹morpheme v.‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1618.21
Nungdʑi³¹#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’khi⁵⁵ n‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0056.21
5Tujia6
6.1.1Burmish101
Achang (Longchuan)m̥ʐaŋ³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’tɕhi³¹ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.28
Achang (Longchuan)oʔ⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tɕhi³¹ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.28
Achang (Longchuan)tɕhi³¹tuŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ n‘buttocks’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0099.28
Achang (Longchuan)tɕhi³¹tuŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’tuŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.28
Achang (Xiandao)khu⁵⁵tuŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ n‘buttocks’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0099.29
Achang (Xiandao)khɯ̆³¹tuŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.29
Achang (Xiandao)kʰu⁵⁵ tuŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘buttocks’Dai 89 Xian: 122
Achang (Xiandao)kʰɯ̆³¹ tuŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’Dai 89 Xian: 140
Achang (Xiandao)m̥ʐaŋ³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’ kʰɯ³¹ ‘excrement (horse)’Dai 89 Xian: 323
Achang (Xiandao)m̥ʐaŋ³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khɯ³¹ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.29
Achang (Xiandao)oʔ⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ kʰɯ³¹ ‘excrement (pig)’Dai 89 Xian: 337
Achang (Xiandao)oʔ⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khɯ³¹ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.29
Bola (Luxi)mjɔ̃³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khji³⁵ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.32
Bola (Luxi)ta⁵⁵morphemekji³¹tui³¹#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’ n‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0056.32
Bola (Luxi)tʃhɔt⁵⁵#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’pɛʔ⁵⁵morphemekhji³⁵ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.32
Bola (Luxi)vaʔ³¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khji³⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.32
Burmese (Rangoon)mjĩ⁵⁵#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’tɕhi⁵⁵ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.27
Burmese (Rangoon)tθo⁵⁵#6080 PTB *səw ‘SHEEP’PKar *soᴬ ‘SHEEP’tɕhi⁵⁵ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.27
Burmese (Rangoon)tθɑ̃²²#2676 PTB *syam ‘IRON’dʑi⁵⁵tɛʔ⁴morpheme v.‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1618.27
Burmese (Rangoon)wɛʔ⁴#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tɕhi⁵⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.27
Burmese (Written)htɑm̩²#2676 PTB *syam ‘IRON’khje³tɑk⁴morpheme v.‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1618.26
Burmese (Written)mrɑŋ³#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’◦khje ³ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.26
Burmese (Written)nâ#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’-pha#815 PTB *s-p(w)a-(p/k) ‘EARWAX’-khyê ‘earwax’Matisoff 87 BP
Burmese (Written)tθo³#6080 PTB *səw ‘SHEEP’PKar *soᴬ ‘SHEEP’khje³ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.26
Burmese (Written)wɑk⁴#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khje³ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.26
Langsu (Luxi)tsɔ̆³⁵#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’kjik⁵⁵ n‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0056.31
Langsu (Luxi)vɔʔ³¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khjik⁵⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.31
Lashimjɔʔ³¹#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ khjei⁵⁵ ‘eye sand’Dai 89 Lash: 3.4.7
Lashinə̌³³#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ khjei⁵⁵ ‘earwax’Dai 89 Lash: 3.6.6
Leqi (Luxi)tsə̆³³#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’kjei³³ n‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0056.33
Leqi (Luxi)vuʔ³¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khjei⁵⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.33
Maru [Langsu]mjɔʔ³¹#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ khjik⁵⁵ ‘eye sand’Dai 89 Lang: 3.4.7
Maru [Langsu]nə̆³¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ khjik⁵⁵ ‘earwax’Dai 89 Lang: 3.6.6
Maru [Langsu]tsɔ̆³⁵#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’kjik⁵⁵ ‘rust’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 39.43
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃo⁵¹#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’kji̱k⁵⁵ n‘rust’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0056.30
6.1.2Loloish8
Lolophome̱⁴⁴#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ ɕi³¹ ‘eye sand’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.4.7
Lolophono⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ɕi³¹ ‘earwax’Dai 89 Lolo: 3.6.6
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish108
Gazhuom³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’tshɿ³¹ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.47
Gazhuotshɿ⁵³#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’tshɿ³¹ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.47
Gazhuowa⁵³#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tshɿ³¹ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.47
Gazhuoȵa⁵³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ tshɿ³¹ ‘eye sand’Dai 89 Gazh: 3.4.7
Lalotɕʰi²¹ kʰu̪⁵⁵#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus / rectum’Chen 86 Yi: 9.12
Laloʔnɑ²¹#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ kʰi²¹ ‘earwax’Chen 86 Yi: 3.6.6
Nasuɬi³³ xo³³#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ du³³#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus / rectum’Chen 86 Yi: 9.12
Nesulo⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ pa⁵⁵#812 PTB *b(r)aŋ ‘EAR / LOBELIKE PART’PL *ʔbaŋ¹ ‘EAR’ tʰi³³ ‘earwax’Chen 86 Yi: 3.6.6
Nusu (Central)khɹi⁵⁵doŋ⁵⁵#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.34
Nusu (Central)kʰʴi⁵⁵ doŋ⁵⁵#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’Dai 89 NusB: 140.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)kʰʴi⁵⁵ dõ⁵³#225 PTB *m-daŋ ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / TAIL / LOWER BACK / LOINS’ ‘buttocks’Dai 89 NusA: 122.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)kʰʴi⁵⁵ dõ⁵³#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’Dai 89 NusA: 140.
Nusu (Central)kʰʴi⁵⁵ dɔŋ⁵⁵#225 PTB *m-daŋ ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / TAIL / LOWER BACK / LOINS’ ‘buttocks’Dai 89 NusB: 122.
Nusu (Central)mɹə⁵⁵#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khɹi⁵⁵ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.34
Nusu (Central)mʴə⁵⁵#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’ kʰʴi⁵⁵ ‘excrement (horse)’Dai 89 NusB: 323.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)mʴɤ⁵³#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’ kʰʴi⁵⁵ ‘excrement (horse)’Dai 89 NusA: 323.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)tɕʰɚ̱̃³¹#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’ kʰʴi⁵⁵ ‘excrement (sheep)’Dai 89 NusA: 329.
Nusu (Central)tʂhɚ̱̃⁵³#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’khɹi⁵⁵ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.34
Nusu (Central)tʂʰɚ̱̃⁵³#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’ kʰʴi⁵⁵ ‘excrement (sheep)’Dai 89 NusB: 329.
Nusu (Central/Zhizhiluo)va̱³¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ kʰʴi⁵⁵ ‘excrement (pig)’Dai 89 NusA: 337.
Nusu (Central)va̱⁵³#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ kʰʴi⁵⁵ ‘excrement (pig)’Dai 89 NusB: 337.
Nusu (Central)va̱⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khɹi⁵⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.34
Yi (Dafang)nɔ³³#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’ tɕʰi⁵⁵ ‘mucus’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanhua)mu²¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’tɕhi²¹ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.37
Yi (Nanhua)ve̱³³#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tɕhi²¹ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.37
Yi (Nanhua)ɑ⁵⁵prefixtʂhɿ̄⁵⁵#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’ tɕhi²¹ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.37
Yi (Nanhua)ɕi²¹du²¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.37
Yi (Nanjian)nȳ²¹#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’ tɕʰi²¹ ‘snot’Chen 85 YiJZ
Yi (Nanjian)nȳ²¹#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’; nȳ²¹#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’tɕhi²¹ ‘snot (clear);snot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 278.23
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵prefixm̩²¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’chi²¹ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵prefixtʂhɿ̄²¹#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’chi²¹ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.36
Yi (Weishan)ɑ⁵⁵prefixvɪ̱²¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’chi²¹ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.36
Yi (Wuding)mv̩³³#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’tɕhi³³ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.38
Yi (Wuding)tʂhɿ̄⁵⁵#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’hɒ¹¹morphemetɕhi³³ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.38
Yi (Wuding)vɑ̱⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tɕhi³³ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.38
Yi (Xide)mu³³#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’tɕhɿ³³ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.35
Yi (Xide)n̥a³³#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’-dʑu̱³³ ‘nasal cavity’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)tɕʰɿ³⁴-zɿ³³#650 PTB *g-ts(y)i-t/n ‘URINE / URINATE’PTani *si ‘URINE’PNN *C̥-cʰi ‘URINE’PLB *N-ts(y)i² ⪤ *z(y)əy² ‘URINE’PKar *chejᴮ ‘URINE’ ‘excrement and urine’Chen 79 YiCh
Yi (Xide)vo⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tɕhɿ³³ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.35
Yi (Xide)ʑo³⁴#6028 PTB *g-ya(k/ŋ) ‘SHEEP / YAK’tɕhɿ³³ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.35
6.1.2.2Central Loloish114
Ahino⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ʈʻi²¹ ‘earwax’Luo 90: 3.6.6
Jinuomjo⁴⁴#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’khri⁴⁴ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.44
Jinuotɕhi⁵⁵#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’khri⁴⁴ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.44
Jinuova⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khri⁴⁴ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.44
Lahu (Shehleh)nuˉ#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’◦hk'eh˯ ‘mucus’Bradley 79 Lahu: 152
Lahu (Lancang)i³⁵prefixmv⁵³#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’qhɛ⁵³ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.43
Lahu (Lancang)nu³⁵#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’qhɛ⁵³ nbp‘mucus (nasal)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0157.43
Lahu (Lancang)vɑ²¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’qhɛ⁵³ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.43
Lahu (Lancang)ʑɔ³¹#6028 PTB *g-ya(k/ŋ) ‘SHEEP / YAK’qhɛ⁵³ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.43
Lahu (Black)nī#545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’Allofams114 #1285 PTB *m-(l/n)ey ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114a #1284 PTB *m-ley ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114b #545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’-qhɛ̂ ‘smegma / semen’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)nī#545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’Allofams114 #1285 PTB *m-(l/n)ey ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114a #1284 PTB *m-ley ⪤ *m-li ‘PENIS’114b #545 PTB *m-ney ‘PENIS’-qhɛ̂ ‘semen’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)nú#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’-qhɛ̂ ‘nasal catarrh / snot’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)nu⁵³#805 PTB *s-nap ‘SNOT / NASAL MUCUS’PTani *nap ~ *nop ‘SNOT’PKC *hnap ‘SNOT / MUCUS (nasal)’PTk *nap ‘SNOT’PLB *ʔ-napᴸ ‘SNOT’PL *s-napᴸ ‘MUCUS’qhɛ³³ ‘snot’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 278.33
Lahu (Black)phɨ̂#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’-qhɛ̂-làʔ#695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’MesorootsPTani *lak ‘HAND / ARM’PNN *glək ‘HAND’PLB *lakᴸ ‘HAND’PL *lakᴸ ‘HAND’Allofams1 #377 PTB *lak ⪤ *C-yak ‘ARM / HAND / WING’1a #695 PTB *lak ‘HAND/LIMB’1b #696 PTB *yak ‘ARM / HAND / ARMPIT / TICKLE’1c #699 PTB *d-yak ‘HAND / ARM / LEAF’1d #700 PTB *dak ‘ARM / HAND’1e #702 PTB *g-yak ‘ARM / HAND / CUBIT’1f #705 PTB *p-yak ‘ARM’1g #350 PTB *la ‘LEG / FOOT’1h #375 PTB *ya ‘LEG / FOOT’1i #888 PTB *d-ya OR *g-ya ‘FOOT’-nɔ#320 PTB *s-nyuŋ ⪤ *s-m-yuŋ ⪤ *s-m-yuw ‘FINGER’PKC *yuŋ ‘FINGER / TOE / ROOT’PCN *m-juŋ ‘DIGIT (FINGER / TOE)’PTk *juŋ ‘ROOT’ ‘finger (index)’Literally “dogshit finger”, so called because of its size and shape.Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂ tɛ̀ʔmorpheme ve#450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ ‘flatulent; fart’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂-qhɔ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂-qhɔ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂-qhɔ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’-dì#1243 PTB *m-di ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / FLESHY PART / WAIST / BACK’ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂-qhɔ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’-pɨ#276 PTB *(p/b)i ‘ROUNDED PART / NIPPLE / FOREHEAD / SHOULDER’ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂-šā#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’-dì#1243 PTB *m-di ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / FLESHY PART / WAIST / BACK’ ‘buttock’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂-tû#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qhɛ̂-tû#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’-qhɔ#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lahu (Black)qʰɛ⁵³sᴀ¹¹#34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’MesorootsPKC *sʰaa ‘ANIMAL / FLESH / MEAT’PCN *a-ʃaʔ ‘ANIMAL / MEAT, FLESH’PTk *sa ‘FLESH / MEAT / ANIMAL’Allofams1 #5711 PTB *sya-n ⪤ *sin ‘FLESH / ANIMAL / BODY / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’1a #34 PTB *sya-n ‘FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL’1b #318 PTB *sin ‘BODY / OWNER / AGENTIVE NOMINALIZER’di³¹#1243 PTB *m-di ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / FLESHY PART / WAIST / BACK’ ‘buttocks’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 262.33
Lisu (Northern)bja²¹#2187 PTB *b(y/r)a ‘BIRD / BEE’PLB *bya² ‘BEE’PL *bya² ‘BEE’khi²¹ ‘bee feces’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Central)hchi⁵-hku⁴#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus’Fraser 22
Lisuhhi⁵-hku⁴#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus’Matisoff 87 BP
Lisu (Northern)khi²¹du²¹#225 PTB *m-daŋ ‘BUTTOCKS / HIPS / TAIL / LOWER BACK / LOINS’ ‘buttocks’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)khi²¹khu³³#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisukhi³¹khu̱³³#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.40
Lisukʰi³¹kʰu³³#219 PTB *k(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘WAIST / HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL / BACK’ ‘buttocks’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 262.27
Lisu (Northern)mja³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’khi²¹ ‘gum in the eye’Bradley 94 Lisu
Lisu (Nujiang)tʃʰi³¹ kʰu̱⁴⁴#219 PTB *k(w)a(ŋ/k) ‘WAIST / HIPS / BUTTOCKS / TAIL / BACK’ ‘buttocks’Xu 86 Lisu
Lisu (Northern)væʔ²¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’khi²¹ ‘pig feces’Bradley 94 Lisu
Sani [Nyi]ne³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ ɬl̩²¹ ‘eye sand’Wu 84: 93.11
Sani [Nyi]ne³³#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ɬi²¹ ‘eye sand’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]ne⁴⁴#681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’MesorootsPCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PLB *s-myak ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ ɬɿ͆¹¹ ‘eye sand’Ma 89 SanQ: 320.8
Sani [Nyi]nɑ⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ɬl̩²¹ ‘earwax’Wu 84: 98.4
Sani [Nyi]nɑ⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ ɬɿ͆¹¹ ‘earwax’Ma 89 SanQ: 321.4
Sani [Nyi]nɑ⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ɬi²¹ ‘earwax’Chen 86 Yi: 3.6.6
Sani [Nyi]nɒ⁵⁵#811 PTB *r/g-na ‘EAR / HEAR / LISTEN’PKC *naa ⪤ *hnaa ‘EAR’PCN *hnaʔ ‘EAR’PCN *a-hŋaj ‘HEAR, LISTEN’PTk *na ‘EAR’PTk *na ‘HEAR’PNN *na ‘EAR’PL *(C)-na² ‘EAR’PKar *-hnaᴮ ‘LISTEN TO’PKar *naᴮ ‘EAR’ɬi²¹ ‘earwax’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]tʂʰʅ²¹ du²¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’Wu 84: 196.2
Sani [Nyi]ɬi²¹du²¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’Chen 86 Yi: 9.12
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish34
Hani (Lüchun)mo³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’ɕi³¹ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.41
Hani (Lüchun)tsi̱³¹#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’ɕi³¹ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.41
Hani (Lüchun)ɣa̱³¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ɕi³¹ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.41
Hani (Mojiang)ja³¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tɕhi³¹ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.42
Hani (Mojiang)mu³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’tɕhi³¹ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.42
Hani (Mojiang)tʃhɿ̄³¹#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’tɕhi³¹ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.42
6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish5
6.2Naxi37
Laze (Xiangjiao)qʰæ˥qʰɔ˥#820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART’PNN *koːŋ ‘EMPTY’TGTM *ᴮkʰuŋ ‘HOLE / PIT’PKir *goŋ ‘HEART’PLB *guŋ² ⪤ *kuŋ² ‘HOLLOW / HOLE / EMPTY’PL *koŋ¹ ‘INSIDE HOUSE’ ‘anus’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 408
Laze (Xiangjiao)qʰæ˧ ‘manure, excrement, dung, dropping, feces’[Source note] qʰæ˥hæ̃˥ “defecate”Michaud 06 NaLaze: 458
Laze (Xiangjiao)ʈʂɯ˧#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’ qʰæ˧ n˧morpheme dze˧morpheme v.‘rust’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 3089
Laze (Xiangjiao)ʈʂɯ˧#5442 PTB *(t)swa-y ⪤ *t(s)wa-y ‘RUST / DROSS / STAIN / EXCREMENT’qʰæ˧ ‘rust’Michaud 06 NaLaze: 194
Na (Yongning)qʰæ˧tv˧#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’Michaud 06 NaLaze
Na (Yongning)ʐwæ˧#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’qʰæ#˥ ‘horse manure’Michaud 06 NaLaze
7Karenic33
Bwenɛ#803 PTB *s-na ⪤ *s-naːr ‘NOSE’PKC *hnaar ‘NOSE’PCN *na(ʔ) ‘NOSE’PTk *na ‘NOSE’TGTM *ᴬʰna ‘NOSE’-khə́ʼɪ ‘snot’Henderson 97 Kar
Sgaw¹mɛʔ#682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPTani *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik ‘EYE’PKC *mik-kuu-I, -kuk-II ‘SLEEPY’PCN *mjak ⪤ *hmik ‘EYE’PTk *mik ‘EYE’PTk *mit ‘EYE’TGTM *ᴮʰmiː(ŋ) ‘EYE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’⁴khli ‘eye sand’Weidert 87 TBTo: 984
Karen (Sgaw/Hinthada)kʰi⁵⁵ bu³³#2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’MesorootsPKC *poo ‘BELLY / STOMACH’TGTM *ᴮpho ‘BELLY’PKar *g-phowᴬ ‘STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ ‘anus’Dai 89 KarB: 143
8Bai12
Bai (Jianchuan)(tɕhi⁵⁵ɑ²¹morpheme) tsẽ³³morpheme clf‘pile (of excrement)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0855.48
Bai (Jianchuan)jo⁴²#6028 PTB *g-ya(k/ŋ) ‘SHEEP / YAK’tɕhi⁵⁵ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.48
Bai (Jianchuan)te̱²¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’tɕhi⁵⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.48
Bai (Jianchuan)ŋuĩ³³#33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’MesorootsPKar *mɛɁᴰ ‘EYE, FACE’Allofams1 #33 PTB *s-myak ⪤ *s-mik ‘EYE’1a #682 PTB *s-mik ‘EYE’1b #681 PTB *s-myak ‘EYE’ sɿ³³ ‘eye sand’Zhao 90: 3.4.7
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #572,
*kləy ‘BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/572Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC#125, HPTB pp.21, 189, 201
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-572,
title = {{*kləy 'BODY DIRT / EXCREMENT'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #572},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/572}
}