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STEDT #3447

*(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *(t/d)waŋ

MIDDLE / NAVEL
Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleTuŋinitialt/drhymeuŋcoverT · N

Connections

Allofams
HPTB*tuːŋ ‘inside / middle’pp. 287, 310

Notes

To this more conservative allofam we assign reflexes with dental stop initials.

Chinese comparandum

中 OC *ti̯ông1, GSR #1007a-e ‘middle, center’; Li 1971: *trjəngw; Baxter 1992:477, 1641: *k-ljung; Mand. zhōng.

There are at least two competing etymologies for this Chinese word, one relating it to Tibetan gźung ‘middle, midst’ (e.g. Bodman 1980:123 set 240, Coblin 1986:53) and the other the one proposed here (e.g. STC p. 182).

Baxter (1992:525) follows Bodman, reconstructing *k-l- rather than *trj- to match Tibetan gźung and to explain the use of the character as a sound gloss for 宮 *k(r)jung, Mand. gōng in the Eastern Han.

The original comparison in STC seemed suspect because of the irregular correspondence between the stop initial in Chinese and the sibilant initial in Tibeto-Burman, but the revised PTB etymon makes a good match. If we consider the possibility of reconstructing *r-tjung, as proposed in Handel 1998, then there is no mismatch in the medial.

For another example of the same final correspondence, cf. #820 PTB *(g/k)uŋ HOLE / ORIFICE / INNER PART 孔, Mand. kǒng.
[ZJH]

1 HPTB pp. 287, 310 incorrectly cites GSR’s reconstruction as *ti̯əŋ. This was corrected in L. Sagart’s review of HPTB (2006:217) to *t̑i̯uŋ, which is also incorrect: this is Karlgren’s MC form. [JAM]

Reflexes & cognates42 reflexes · 9 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmantuːŋ ‘inside / middle’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 615

1.3.4Tangkhulic2

Tangkhulhaymorpheme◦toŋ ‘navel’Matisoff 85 GSTC: 071

2.1.1Western Himalayish1

4Nungic17

Anong (Rawang)məprefix◦duŋ be v.‘perpendicular, straighten’Benedict 72 STC: 17n63
Anong (Rawang)əprefix◦duŋ ‘in, middle’Chou 72: 1007a-e
Anong (Rawang)əprefix◦duŋ ‘in, middle’LaPolla 87: 208
Anong (Rawang)əprefix◦duŋ ‘in, middle’Benedict 72 STC: 17n63
Rawangəprefix◦dɔŋ³¹ lɑpmorpheme ‘inside’LaPolla 03: 781
Nungʔi⁵⁵morphemeduŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘inside’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0715.21
Anongʔi⁵⁵morphemeduŋ⁵⁵ ‘inside’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 59.44
Trung [Dulong]aprefix◦tuŋ ‘middle’LaPolla 87: 208
Trung [Dulong]aprefix◦tuŋ ‘middle’Benedict 72 STC: 17n63
Dulongɑ³¹prefixduŋ⁵³ n‘middle’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0708.20
Dulongɑ³¹prefixduŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘inside’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0715.20
Trung [Dulong]ɑ³¹prefixduŋ⁵⁵ ‘middle’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 56.46
Trung [Dulong]ɑprefix◦tuŋ ‘middle’Chou 72: 1007a-e
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)a³¹prefix duuŋ⁵⁵ ‘middle’LaPolla 87: 208
Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ɑ³¹prefix duŋ⁵⁵ ‘middle’Sun H 82 Dul
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)a³¹prefix duuŋ⁵⁵ ‘middle’LaPolla 87: 208
Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ɑ³¹prefix duŋ⁵⁵ ‘middle’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.2Loloish1

*Loloishʔ-doŋ¹ ‘navel’Bradley 79 PLo: 120B

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish8

Bisusamorpheme tɔ̀ŋ ‘navel’Bisu sa probably means “flesh” (cf. #34 PTB *sya-n FLESH / MEAT / GAME ANIMAL).Bradley 79 PLo
Bisuɕamorpheme◦tɔŋ ‘navel’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 15
Bisuɕamorpheme◦tɔ̀ŋ◦sàjloanword ‘umbilical cord’Bisu sàj is a borrowing from Thai sǎaj ‘cord, string’. This morpheme, interestingly enough, occurs in reduced form in the Thai word for ‘navel’, sədɨɨ (cf. Li Fang Kuei 1977:92).Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 16
Bisuʃamorpheme◦tɔŋ ‘navel’Beaudouin 88 Bisu: 15

9.0.1Old Chinese5

Chinese (Old/Mid)ti̯ôŋ / t̑i̯uŋ ‘middle’Benedict 72 STC: 17n63
Chinese (Old/Mid)ti̯əŋ/t̑i̯uŋ ‘middle’Chou 72: 1007a-e
Chinese (Old)k-ljung ‘middle’Baxter 92: 1641

9.0.3Modern Chinese1

Chinese (Mandarin)jong◦jianmorpheme ‘middle’Sun J 85 ChGl: 485

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #3447, *(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *(t/d)waŋ ‘MIDDLE / NAVEL’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3447
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: Bradley #120-B.
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-3447,
  title  = {{*(t/d)uŋ ⪤ *(t/d)waŋ 'MIDDLE / NAVEL'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #3447},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/3447}
}