STEDT
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STEDT #603

*m/s-twa

SPIT
Proto-Tibeto-Burman · exemplary

Reconstruction analysis

handletwaprefixminitialtwrhymea ~ s-twcoverT · VWTS

Connections

HPTB*m/s-twa ‘spit / spittle / saliva’pp. 173, 174

Chinese comparandum

吐 OC *t’wɑ̂, GSR #31m ‘spit’; Coblin 86: OC *thuarh; B & S 2011: *tʰˁaʔ; Mand. tǔ.
吐 OC *t’wɑ̂, GSR #31m ‘vomit’; B & S 2011: *tʰˁaʔ-s; Mand. tù.

Reflexes & cognates55 reflexes · 13 subgroups

0Sino-Tibetan (previously published reconstructions)1

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burman(m-)twɑ~(s-)twɑ ‘spit / spittle’Chou 72: 62d
*Tibeto-Burmanm-twa ⪤ s-twa ‘spit’Matisoff 83 TIL: 55
*Tibeto-Burmanm/s-twa ‘spit / spittle / saliva’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 616

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)1

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)məthá v.‘spit [spat]’Coupe 07 Ao

2.1.2.1Tibetan2

Tibetan (Written)tho-lemorpheme 'debsmorpheme-pasuffix v.‘spit’Coblin 86: 138
Tibetan (Written)tʻo-lemorpheme h̥debsmorpheme-pasuffix v.‘spit’Matisoff 87 BP

2.1.4Tamangish28

*TGTMᴮ(?)t(h)au ‘saliva’Mazaudon 78 Tam: 31
*TGTMᴮtʰwa ‘saliva’Mazaudon 94 These: 501
Manang (Gyaru)taː² kyaː² ba V‘spit’Nagano 84 Man: 089
Manang (Prakaa)¹tʰaː ⁴tʰi ³lə- v.‘spit’Hoshi 84: 0289
Tamang (Risiangku)²tʰo ‘saliva / spittle’Mazaudon 94 These: 501
Thakali (Marpha)⁵⁵tʰo ‘saliva / spittle’Mazaudon 94 These: 501
Thakali (Syang)⁵⁵to ‘saliva / spittle’Mazaudon 94 These: 501
Thakali (Tukche)tho ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)thuy ‘phlegm / sputum / saliva / mucus’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)thuy ‘spittle / saliva’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)thuy 'lamorpheme-lamorpheme v.‘spit’Matisoff 87 BP
Thakali (Tukche)tʰuj 'lɔmorpheme-lɔmorpheme ‘spit’Hari 71a ThVo: 2.B.2.6

8Bai1

Bai (Dali)thou³¹ ‘phlegm’Xu 84 Bai

9Sinitic5

Chinese (Hanzi)吐 ‘eject from mouth, spit’BaxterSagart 2011: 2813
Chinese (GSR #)0062d ‘eject from mouth, spit’BaxterSagart 2011: 2813

9.0.1Old Chinese9

Chinese (Old/Mid)tʼwɑ̂/tʼuɑ̂- ‘spit’Karlgren 57 GSR: 31m
Chinese (Old)t'o ‘spit out, vomit’Matisoff 83 TIL: 55
Chinese (Old)tʰˤaʔ ‘eject from mouth, spit’BaxterSagart 2011: 2813
Chinese (Old)tʰˤaʔ-ssuffix ‘vomit’BaxterSagart 2011: 2815
Chinese (Old)tʻo ‘eject from mouth / vomit / spit out’Chou 72: 62d
Chinese (Old)tʻwâ v.‘spit’Luce 85: W.70

9.0.2Middle Chinese3

Chinese (Middle)thuX ‘eject from mouth, spit’BaxterSagart 2011: 2813

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #603, *m/s-twa ‘SPIT’.
Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/603
Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. STC p.58, HPTB pp. 173, 174
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-603,
  title  = {{*m/s-twa 'SPIT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #603},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/603}
}