Reconstruction analysis
handletsyiinitialts(y)rhymei or tšcoverTS · LTS
Intermediate reconstructions
Northern Naga/Konyakian*C̥-cʰi ‘URINE’
Lolo-Burmese*N-ts(y)i² ⪤ *z(y)əy² ‘URINE’
Connections
HPTB*g-ts(y)i-t/n ‘urine’pp. 31, 187, 194, 454, 441
Allofams#648, #651
Notes
This root exemplifies several typical TB allofamic patterns: variation in initial voicing, affricate/spirant alternation, and alternate suffixations.
The notion of URINATE is often conveyed by an OV cognate object construction, lit. “to urinate urine”: e.g. Jingpho jìt jí, Nung tsi tsi.
Reflexes & cognates497 reflexes · 38 subgroups
0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)9
1.1.1Tani1
1.1.1.1Western Tani25
Apatanisɯ-nã#2501 PTB *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’PTani *ñiŋ ‘YEAR’PCN *niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PL *s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋ ‘YEAR’PKar *hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’ lɯmorpheme-pamorpheme ‘up till now’Sun J 93 Tani
1.1.1.2Eastern Tani7
1.1.2Deng18
1.3.3Zeme Group1
1.3.4Tangkhulic1
1.7.1.1Bodo3
1.7.2Northern Naga/Konyakian1
1.7.2.1Tangsa-Nocte5
1.7.2.2Konyak-Chang9
1.7.3.1Jingpho19
Jingphojit-bāwng#778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder, urinary’Matisoff 87 BP
1.7.3.2Asakian2
2.1.1Western Himalayish5
2.1.2Bodic17
Tsangla (Central)bom#777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’-che◦rangmorpheme ‘bladder’Egli-Roduner: 35 15
Tsangla (Motuo)bum#777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’◦tɕʰe◦raŋmorpheme ‘bladder’Sun H 80 MLD
Tsangla (Motuo)pum¹³#777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’-tɕʰe⁵⁵ raŋ¹³morpheme ‘bladder’Zhang Jichuan 86
2.1.2.1Tibetan40
2.1.3Lepcha1
2.1.4Tamangish1
Manang (Gyaru)boŋ¹#778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ci¹ ‘bladder’Nagano 84 Man: 042-03
2.3.1Eastern Kiranti23
2.3.2Southern Kiranti5
2.3.3Central Kiranti2
2.3.4Western Kiranti3
2.4Kham-Magar-Chepang3
Khamjiːh#2795 PTB *b-yəw-n/t ‘LEAK / DRIP / URINE’PKC *yut ⪤ *yun ‘LEAK / RUN OUT’PKC *yun ‘URINE’-si-nyā#2520 PTB *s-nyak ‘FILTH(Y) / EXCREMENT’ v.‘piss’Matisoff 87 BP
Khamjiːh#2795 PTB *b-yəw-n/t ‘LEAK / DRIP / URINE’PKC *yut ⪤ *yun ‘LEAK / RUN OUT’PKC *yun ‘URINE’◦si-nyamorpheme ‘urinate’Watters 89 KhQ: 2.B.2.8
Khampũː#777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’◦ci ‘bladder’Watters 89 KhQ
3.1Tangut1
3.2Qiangic9
3.3.1rGyalrong15
rGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (B))ta22prefix ʂʨi44 ka44prefix lat33morpheme v‘urinate’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0149
rGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (A))tə22prefix ɕtɕi44 kə22prefix lət44morpheme v‘urinate’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0149
rGyalrong (Maerkang Bola (C))wa22morpheme ɕtɕi44 na44morpheme lɜt24morpheme v‘urinate’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 0149
4Nungic17
5Tujia13
6.1Lolo-Burmese3
6.1.1Burmish51
Achang (Xiandao)tsʰi⁵⁵ pʰu³¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Dai 89 Xian: 140.1
Bolatʃɔt³¹ pauŋ³¹#778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Dai 89 Bola: 179
Atsi [Zaiwa]tʃi²¹ poŋ⁵⁵#778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Xu 84 Zaiwa
6.1.2Loloish7
6.1.2.1Northern Loloish51
Nusu (Central)ʐi⁵⁵ tɕɯ³⁵#652 PTB *tsyar ‘URINE’ pʰɔ³¹#778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Sun J 86 Nusu
6.1.2.2Central Loloish63
Jinuo (Youle)ʃi⁵⁵ pu³³#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ lu³³morpheme ‘bladder’Gai 86
Lahu (Black)dzɿ⁵³ fv̩⁵³#2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’MesorootsPKC *poo ‘BELLY / STOMACH’TGTM *ᴮpho ‘BELLY’PKar *g-phowᴬ ‘STOMACH’Allofams1 #6723 PTB *d-(p/b)u-k ‘BELLY / STOMACH / CAVE’1a #2104 PTB *pʷik ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1b #2106 PTB *wuk ‘BELLY / STOMACH’1c #164 PTB *d-puːk ‘BELLY / VITALS / HOLLOW OBJECT / CAVE’1d #2103 PTB *pʷu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1e #2102 PTB *wu ‘BELLY / STOMACH / INTESTINE / KIDNEY’1g #2111 PTB *pwa(ŋ/n) ‘BELLY / CENTER’ ‘bladder’Chang 86
Lahu (Black)jî̵ pí#3493 PL *ʔ-bik ‘SQUIRT / EJACULATE’ ve#450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’Allofams1 #1821 PTB *s/g-ray ⪤ *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR / GOD’1a #449 PTB *g-ray ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1b #658 PTB *g-ray ‘GOD / CREATOR’1c #450 PTB *way ‘BE / COPULA / NOMINALIZER / SUBORDINATOR’1d #5495 PTB *s-ray ‘PLURALIZER’ v‘urinate’Matisoff 88 DL: p. 582
Lahu (Black)jɨ̂ pí#3493 PL *ʔ-bik ‘SQUIRT / EJACULATE’ ‘urinate ("squirt urine")’Matisoff 88 DL: 818
Lisu (Nujiang)sɿ³¹ pʰu³¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Xu 86 Lisu
Sani [Nyi](zi²¹)phu²¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’si²¹ ‘bladder’Wu 84
Sani [Nyi]pʰv̩¹¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ sɿ¹¹ ‘bladder’Ma 89 SanQ: 306.4
Sani [Nyi]sɿ¹¹ pʰɑ³³#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ mɑ³³suffix ‘bladder’Ma 89 SanQ: 354.8
Sani [Nyi]zɿ²¹ bu²¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ du²¹morpheme ‘bladder’Wu 84: 169.1
6.1.2.3Southern Loloish23
Hani (Dazhai)su⁵⁵ pʰu³¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Caiyuan)sɿ³¹ pʰv̩³¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Gelanghe)a⁵⁵prefix ɕø³³ lɛ⁵⁵morpheme pʰu³¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
Hani (Shuikui)ʃɿ³¹ fv̩³¹#779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’Allofams1a #778 PTB *(b/p)wa(ŋ/k) ‘URINARY BLADDER’1b #777 PTB *(p/b)um ‘URINARY BLADDER’1c #779 PTB *(p/b)u ‘URINARY BLADDER / KIDNEY’ ‘bladder’Li Yongsui 86 Hani
6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish9
6.2Naxi5
7Karenic49
8Bai4
Cite this entry
STEDT etymon #650,
*g-ts(y)i-t/n ‘URINE / URINATE’.Stable link:
https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/650Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].
References: cf. HPTB pp. 31, 187, 194, 454, 441, STC#077 (URINATE); incl 649 (STCp. 30),3261
BibTeX
@misc{stedt-650,
title = {{*g-ts(y)i-t/n 'URINE / URINATE'}},
author = {STEDT},
year = {2017},
note = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #650},
url = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/650}
}