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STEDT #2520

*s-nyak

FILTH(Y) / EXCREMENT

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handlenyikinitialn(y)rhymeik=(s-) ́coverM · VTS

Connections

HPTB*s-n(y)ik ⪤ *s-n(y)ek ‘filth(y) / excrement’pp. 36, 346

Notes

This root was reconstructed as *n(y)ik ⪤ *s-n(y)ek in STC #235, but the present reconstruction now seems preferable. The final -n in the Bodic forms is perhaps due to assimilation to the nasal initial.

Chinese comparandum

敜 OC *niəp, GSR #670h ‘fill up, stop up, obstruct’; Schuessler 2007:401-2 *nîp ~ *nêp; Mand. niè.
涅 OC *niet, GSR #404j ‘black sediment in dirty water’; Mand. niè.
泥 OC *niər, GSR #563d ‘mud, mire; impeded, obstructed’; Schuessler 2007:401-2 *nîh ~ *nîts; B & S 2011: *C.nˁəj {C.nˁ[əj]} ~ *nˁəj {nˁ[ə]j}; Mand. nì.

Reflexes & cognates75 reflexes · 16 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)4

*Tibeto-Burmann(y)ik ‘shit’LaPolla 87: 59

*Tibeto-Burmann(y)ik ‘filth / dirt / excrement’Benedict 72 STC: 235

*Tibeto-Burmann(y)ik~s-n(y)ek ‘filth’Michailovsky 91 Kr: 141

*Tibeto-Burmans-n(y)ik ⪤ s-n(y)ek ‘filth(y) / excrement’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 605

1.3.2Angami-Pochuri Group1

Rengma (Southern)⁴nprefix⁴nyũ ‘intestines’Weidert 87 TBTo: 749

1.7.1.1Bodo1

Dimasadžimorpheme◦ni ‘dirt’Benedict 72 STC: 235

1.7.1.2Garo2

Garoantmorpheme◦śnek ‘dirt’Benedict 72 STC: 235

Garosnek ‘sloppy’Benedict 72 STC: 235

1.7.3.1Jingpho2

Jingphonyi v.‘shit’Matisoff 87 BP

Jingphonyi ⪤ nye ‘evacuate the intestines’Benedict 72 STC: 235

2.1.2Bodic9

Tshona (Wenlang)ȵiŋ³⁵ ‘shit’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)ȵin¹³ ‘shit’Sun H 80 MLD

Tshona (Mama)ȵin¹³ ‘excrement’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 282.6

Tshona (Mama)ȵin⁵⁵ ‘dung / manure’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 471.6

Cuona Menbaphaʔ⁵³#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ȵen⁵³ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.06

Cuona Menbate⁵³morphemeȵen⁵⁵ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.06

Cuona Menbaȵen⁵⁵ n‘dung (cow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0262.06

Cuona Menbaȵin³⁵ nbp‘excrement’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0151.06

Cuona Menbaȵin³⁵ɕeʔ⁵³ v.‘empty the bowels’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1488.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan3

Tibetan (Written)nyagmorpheme-nyig ‘filth, dirt, excrement’Benedict 72 STC: 235

Tibetan (Written)snyigs-masuffix ‘impure sediment’Benedict 72 STC: 235

Tibetan (Written)snyigs-pasuffix ‘degenerated’Benedict 72 STC: 235

2.3.4Western Kiranti1

Sunwarngāyk-cāmorpheme v.‘shit’Matisoff 87 BP

3.1Tangut3

Tangut [Xixia]nǐaɦ ‘excrement / dung’Nishida 64 Tan: 137-071

Tangut [Xixia]ni̯e² ‘excrement’Sofronov 97

Tangut [Xixia]nji̱ (nja̱) ‘dung, excrement’Li 97 Tangut: 2015

Rawangniʔ ʃɑ³³ ɛ³³ ‘empty the bowels’LaPolla 03: 1364

Rawangni⁵³ dɯŋ³¹#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ ‘anus’LaPolla 03: 130

Anongñi⁵⁵ ‘shit’Sun J 88 Ano

Anongñi⁵⁵ ‘dung’Sun J 88 Ano

Nungnun³¹morphemeuɑn³¹morphemeȵi⁵⁵ n‘dung (cow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0262.21

Anongnu³¹morphemeŋuɑ⁵³morphemeȵi⁵³ ‘dung / manure’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 471.44

Rawangnəmorpheme ŋwɑ³¹morpheme niʔ ‘cow dung’LaPolla 03: 303

Rawangwɑʔ#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ niʔ ‘pig dung’LaPolla 03: 330

Nungȵi³¹khu⁵⁵morphemekhuɑŋ³¹morpheme n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.21

Nungȵi⁵⁵ nbp‘excrement’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0151.21

Anongȵi⁵⁵ ‘excrement’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 282.44

Nungʔo⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ȵi⁵⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.21

Dulongmɯ³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’gɯ⁵³morphemeni⁵⁵ n‘dung (horse)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0273.20

Trung [Dulong]ñi⁴⁴ n‘shit’Matisoff 87 BP

Dulongni⁵⁵ nbp‘excrement’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0151.20

Trung [Dulong]ni⁵⁵ ‘excrement’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 282.46

Trung [Dulong]ni⁵⁵ ‘dung / manure’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 471.46

Dulongnuŋ⁵⁵morphemewɑ⁵³morphemeni⁵⁵ n‘dung (cow)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0262.20

Dulongnɯ³¹ɹɔn⁵⁵morphemeduŋ⁵⁵#822 PTB *dwa(ː)ŋ ‘HOLE / ORIFICE / CAVE / PIT / WELL (FOR WATER)’ n‘anus’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0115.20

Dulongwɑʔ⁵⁵#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ni⁵⁵ n‘dung (pig)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0288.20

Dulongɑ³¹prefixtɕit⁵⁵#1226 PTB *r-tsit ‘GOAT / BEARD / GOATEE / YAK-HAIR’PLB *V-ci:tᴸ ‘GOAT / SHEEP’ni⁵⁵ n‘dung (goat, sheep)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0280.20

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ni⁵⁵ ‘shit’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ni⁵⁵ ‘manure’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)ni⁵⁵ ‘shit’LaPolla 87: 59

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ńi⁵³ ‘shit’LaPolla 87: 59

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ȵi⁵³ ‘shit’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ȵi⁵³ ‘manure’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish13

Burmese (Rangoon)ȵiʔ⁴pɑʔ⁴morpheme ‘dirty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1086.27

Burmese (Rangoon)ɑ⁵³prefixȵiʔ⁴ɑ⁵³prefixtɕe⁵⁵morpheme n‘dirt / filth’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0160.27

Burmese (Spoken Rangoon)ȵiʔ⁴⁴pɑʔ⁴⁴morpheme ‘dirty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 854.40

Burmese (Written)ñac ‘filthy, dirty’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)ńats ‘dirty’LaPolla 87: 59

Burmese (Written)ńats ‘dirty, filthy’Benedict 72 STC: 235

Burmese (Written)ññac ‘dirty’Marrison 67 Naga

Burmese (Written)ȵɑs pɑtmorpheme ‘dirty’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 854.39

Burmese (Written)ȵɑs⁴pɑt⁴morpheme ‘dirty’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1086.26

Burmese (Written)ɑ¹prefixȵɑs⁴ɑ¹prefixkre³morpheme n‘dirt / filth’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0160.26

Burmese (Written)əprefix-hñiʼ ‘dirt, filth, slime; verdigris; moss’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)əprefix-ñac ‘dirt, filth’Benedict 76 WBur

Marmaŋyɔiʔ vi‘dirty’Huziwara 08 Sak: 351

6.1.2.4Southeastern Loloish2

Azhani³³ʦɛ³³morpheme ‘dirty’Pelkey 11 Phula: 965

Phuzaȵi⁵⁵ʨʰi⁵⁵morpheme ‘dirty’Pelkey 11 Phula: 965

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2520, *s-nyak ‘FILTH(Y) / EXCREMENT’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2520

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. STC#235, HPTB pp.36, 346

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2520,
  title  = {{*s-nyak 'FILTH(Y) / EXCREMENT'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2520},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2520}
}