Shape, Size, Color, Measure, Number, Time, Space › Time › Months and Years

STEDT #2501

s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ s-nik

YEAR

Proto-Tibeto-Burman

Reconstruction analysis

handleniŋprefixniŋ=sinitialnrhymeiŋ=s-niŋcoverM · VNS

Intermediate reconstructions

Tani*ñiŋ ‘YEAR’JS-HCST: 188

Central Naga (Ao Group)*niŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’PCN #210

Loloish*s-nikᴴ ‘YEAR’

Karenic*hneŋ ‘YEAR’STC 79n243, 136n369

Karenic*hneŋᴮ ‘YEAR’TL#338

Connections

HPTB*s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘year’pp. 282, 283, 475, 524, 528

Notes

Almost all TB reflexes point to the final velar nasal, except for Burmish, which has the homorganic final stop. Several other roots pattern the same way (e.g., #2658 PTB *si(ŋ/k) TREE / WOOD / FIREWOOD, #126 PTB *s/r-ma(ŋ/k) DREAM).

Chinese comparandum

年 OC *nien, GSR #364a-c ‘year’; B & S 2011: *C.nˁiŋ {C.nˁi[ŋ]}; Mand. nián.

Reflexes & cognates400 reflexes · 21 subgroups

0.1Tibeto-Burman (previously published reconstructions)5

*Tibeto-Burmanniŋ ‘harvest / year’Chou 72: 364a-c

*Tibeto-Burmanniŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

*Tibeto-Burmans-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ s-nik ‘year’Matisoff 03 HPTB: 604

*Tibeto-Burmans-niŋ ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

*Tibeto-Burmans-niŋ ‘year’LaPolla 87: 60

1.1.1Tani1

*Taniñiŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 HCST: 480

1.1.1.1Western Tani76

Apataniaprefix-ña ‘year’Sun J 93 HCST

Apataniaprefix-ña ‘year’Sun J 93 Tani

Apataniaprefix-ña-kamorpheme mrjamorpheme-mimorpheme ‘yearly’Sun J 93 Tani

Apataniàprefix-ñaŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanibɯmorpheme-ña ‘last year’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanibɯmorpheme-ñaŋ ‘last year’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanikomorpheme-ñaŋ ‘year before last’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanilomorpheme-ñaŋ-damorpheme ‘year after next’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanisi#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’-ñaŋ ‘this year’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanisɯ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’-ña ‘this year’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanisɯ#650 PTB *g-ts(y)i-t/n ‘URINE / URINATE’PTani *si ‘URINE’PNN *C̥-cʰi ‘URINE’PLB *N-ts(y)i² ⪤ *z(y)əy² ‘URINE’PKar *chejᴮ ‘URINE’-nã lɯmorpheme-pamorpheme ‘up till now’Sun J 93 Tani

Apatanisɯ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’-ñáŋ ‘this year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniaprefix-ñiŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 HCST

Bengniaprefix-ñiŋ ‘age’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnikimorpheme-ñiŋ ‘year before last’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnilukmorpheme-ñiŋ ‘next year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnimɯmorpheme-ñiŋ ‘last year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniñiŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniñiŋ-jinmorpheme ‘third year after next’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniñiŋ-tinmorpheme ‘second year after next’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengniñiŋ-əːmorpheme ‘year after next’Sun J 93 Tani

Bengnisi#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’-ñiŋ ‘this year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarkoːmorpheme ȵiŋ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.24

Bokarkoːmorpheme-kamorpheme-ñiŋ ‘second year before the last’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarkoːmorpheme-ñiŋ ‘year before the last’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarmɯːmorpheme ȵiŋ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.24

Bokarmɯːmorpheme-ñiŋ ‘last year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarñeːmorpheme-ñiŋ ‘next year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarñiŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 HCST

Bokarñiŋ ‘age’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarñiŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarñiŋ ‘year (of age)’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarñiŋ-jemorpheme ‘year after the next’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarñiŋ-jeːmorpheme ‘year after the next’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarñiŋ-koŋmorpheme ‘second year after the next’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarsɯ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’-ñiŋ ‘this year’Sun J 93 Tani

Bokarȵeːmorpheme◦ȵiŋ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.24

Bokarȵiŋ n‘age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0685.24

Bokarȵiŋ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.24

Bokarȵiŋ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.24

Bokarȵiŋ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.24

Bokarȵiŋ jeːmorpheme n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.24

Bokarɕɯ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’ ȵiŋ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.24

Bokar Lhobakoːmorpheme ȵiŋ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.51

Bokar Lhobamɯːmorpheme ȵiŋ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.51

Bokar Lhobaȵeːmorpheme◦ȵiŋ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.51

Bokar Lhobaȵiŋ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.51

Bokar Lhobaȵiŋ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.51

Bokar Lhobaȵiŋ jemorpheme ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.51

Bokar Lhobaɕɯ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’ ȵiŋ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.51

Galo`amorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘year’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`dɨmorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘year’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`hɨ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘this year’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`hɨ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘year (this)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`kendamorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘four years ago’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`keŋkəmorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘three years ago’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`keɲmorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘two years ago’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`luumorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘next year’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`məmorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘last year’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`məmorpheme◦ɲɨɨ n:time.‘year (last)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`ɲɨɨ- clfr.‘Classifier for years’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`ɲɨɨ◦gammorpheme adv.‘happy new year’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`ɲɨɨ◦nammorpheme v:c.arg.‘pass (year)’GLDC 09 Galo

Galo`ɲɨɨ◦tenmorpheme n:time.‘three years hence’GLDC 09 Galo

Galoamorpheme◦ɲi ‘year’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galolumorpheme-ɲɯ ‘next year’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galomɤmorpheme-ɲɯ ‘last year’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Galosɯ#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’-ɲɯ ‘this year’Das Gupta 63 Gal

Miri, Hilleprefix◦ɲi ‘year’Simon 76 Miri

Miri, Hillɤprefix◦ɲɯ ‘year’Simon 76 Miri

Nishingamorpheme◦nyiang ‘year’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Nishinglungmorpheme-nyiang aprefix◦nyiang ‘next year’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Nishingmomorpheme-ning ‘last year’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Nishingning ‘year’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Nishingsi#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’ ning ‘this year’Das Gupta 69 Daf

Taginaprefix◦niŋ ‘year’Das Gupta 83 Tag

1.1.1.2Eastern Tani15

Padam-Mishing [Abor-Miri]-ñiŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 HCST

Damukatmorpheme-ŋomorpheme ȵiŋ ‘second year before last’Sun J 93 Tani

Damukatmorpheme-ȵiŋ ‘year before last’Sun J 93 Tani

Damumaːmorpheme-ȵiŋ ‘last year’Sun J 93 Tani

Damurukmorpheme-ȵiŋ ‘next year’Sun J 93 Tani

Damuȵiŋ ‘age’Sun J 93 Tani

Damuȵiŋ ‘year’Sun J 93 Tani

Damuȵiŋ dɯmorpheme-bəmorpheme ‘every year’Sun J 93 Tani

Damuɕøː#6595 PTani *si ‘THIS’-ȵiŋ ‘this year’Sun J 93 Tani

Damuɦəmorpheme-ŋomorpheme ȵiŋ ‘second year after next’Sun J 93 Tani

Damuɦəmorpheme-ȵiŋ ‘year after next’Sun J 93 Tani

Milangbamorpheme-naŋ ‘last year’Tayeng 76 Mil

Milangsomorpheme-naŋ ‘next year’Tayeng 76 Mil

Mishing [Miri]ńiŋ ‘year’LaPolla 87: 60

Mishing [Miri]nyiŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

1.1.2Deng33

Darang [Taraon]bia:morpheme-cha:morpheme-nang ‘year before last’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]bia:morpheme◦nang ‘last year’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]bɯ³¹morphemejɑ³¹morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.22

Darang [Taraon]bɯ³¹morphemejɑ³¹morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.49

Darang [Taraon]ka:morpheme◦nang ‘year’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]kɯ³¹prefixnɯŋ⁵³ɑ³¹morpheme ‘young’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 858.49

Darang [Taraon]kɯ³¹prefixnɯŋ⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.22

Darang [Taraon]kɯ³¹prefixnɯŋ⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.22

Darang [Taraon]kɯ³¹prefixnɯŋ⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.22

Darang [Taraon]kɯ³¹prefixnɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.49

Darang [Taraon]kɯ³¹prefixnɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.49

Darang [Taraon]ta:morpheme◦nang ‘this year’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]tya:morpheme◦nang ‘this year’Anonymous xx Tar

Darang [Taraon]tɑ³¹morphemebɯ⁵⁵morphemejɑ³¹morphemexɑ³¹morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.22

Darang [Taraon]tɑ³¹morphemebɯ⁵⁵morphemejɑ³¹morphemexɑ³¹morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.49

Darang [Taraon]xɑ³¹morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.22

Darang [Taraon]xɑ³¹morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.49

Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹morphemetiɑ⁵⁵morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.22

Darang [Taraon]ɑ³¹morphemetiɑ⁵⁵morphemenɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.49

Idubɯ⁵⁵morphemejɑ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.50

Idue⁵⁵#5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’tiɑ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.50

Iduhɑ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.50

Idui⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.50

Idui⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.50

Idunu⁵⁵thɑ⁵³morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.50

Iduɑ³¹morphemehɑŋ³⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.50

Yidubɯ⁵⁵morphemeja⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.25

Yidue⁵⁵#5807 PTB *(h)i ⪤ *(h)ay ‘THIS / HERE / PROXIMAL DEICTIC’tiɑ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.25

Yiduhɑ⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.25

Yidui⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.25

Yidui⁵⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ clf‘classifier for age’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0914.25

Yidunu⁵⁵thɑ⁵³morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.25

Yiduɑ³¹morphemehɑŋ³⁵morphemenu⁵⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.25

1.3.1Central Naga (Ao Group)13

*Central Naganiŋ ‘SKY / YEAR’Bruhn 14 PCN: III.210

*Aoaprefix-niŋ ‘SKY’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.247

Ao (Chungli)a³prefix-nəŋ¹ n.‘sky’Bruhn 14 PCN: II.247

Ao (Chungli)aprefix◦nüng ‘sky’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Chungli)³aprefix¹nɯŋ ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

Ao (Mongsen: Longchang)aprefix◦ning ‘sky’Marrison 67 Naga

Ao (Mongsen: Mangmetong)[a]prefix-niŋ n.‘sky’Coupe 07 Ao

Sangtamning ‘sky’Marrison 67 Naga

Sangtam²niŋ ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

Sangtam²niŋ ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 923

Yacham-Tengsaaprefix◦nung ‘sky’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrüthüprefix◦ning ‘sky’Marrison 67 Naga

Yimchungrü²tɯprefix²niŋ[¹] ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

1.5Mikir [Karbi]5

Mikir [Karbi]ning◦kanmorpheme ‘year’Marrison 67 Naga

Mikir [Karbi]niŋ ‘harvest / year’Chou 72: 364a-c

Mikir [Karbi]niŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 180n476

Mikir [Karbi]niŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Mikir [Karbi]simorpheme◦nīŋ(ʔ) ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

1.7.3.1Jingpho45

Jingphoju⁵⁵morpheme (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the mouse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0755.19

Jingphokui³¹#1764 PTB *d-kʷəy-n ‘DOG’PTani *kwiː ‘DOG’PKC *ʔuy ‘DOG’PCN *khjəj ‘DOG’PTk *hwɨ ‘DOG’PNN *kuəy (kreːŋ) ‘DOG’PLB *kʷəy² ‘DOG’PKar *thwíʔ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮ ‘DOG’PKar *thwiᴮmiᴬ ‘FOX, WOLF’ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the dog’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0765.19

Jingphokum³¹morphemeʒa³¹#1431 PTB *s/m-raŋ ‘HORSE’PKC *raŋ ‘HORSE’PLB *mraŋ² ‘HORSE’ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the horse’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0761.19

Jingpholă³³prefixpu̱³³#2178 PTB *bəw ‘INSECT / SNAKE / VERMIN / BUG’PTani *bɯ ‘SNAKE’PTani *bɯ-rem ‘PYTHON’PLB *bəw² ‘INSECT / VERMIN / BUG / SNAKE’ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the snake’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0760.19

Jingpholă³¹morphemeniŋ³³ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.19

Jingphomă³morphemeniŋ³³ ‘last year’Liu 84

Jingphomă³³morphemeniŋ³³ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.19

Jingphomă³³morphemeniŋ³³ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.47

Jingphomă³³morphemeniŋ³³tin³¹morpheme n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.19

Jingphomoi³¹morphemeniŋ³³ ‘year before last’Liu 84

Jingphomoi³¹morphemeniŋ³³ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.47

Jingphoning ‘year’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphoniŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Jingphoniŋ / śəmorpheme◦niŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 79n243

Jingphoniŋ~śəmorpheme◦niŋ ‘year’LaPolla 87: 60

Jingphoniŋ³³ ‘year / age’Liu 84

Jingphoniŋ³³ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.19

Jingphoniŋ³³ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.47

Jingphoniŋ³³ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.47

Jingphopai³¹morphemenam³³morpheme (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the ram’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0762.19

Jingphopă³¹morphemeʒen³¹morpheme (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the dragon’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0759.19

Jingphophɹa³¹morphemeniŋ³³ ‘year after next’Liu 84

Jingphophʒa³¹morphemeniŋ³³ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.19

Jingphophʒa³¹morphemeniŋ³³ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.47

Jingphopʒa̱ŋ³¹morphemeta̱i⁵⁵morpheme (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the rabbit’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0758.19

Jingphoshamorpheme◦ning ‘year’Marrison 67 Naga

Jingphotai³¹#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’niŋ³³ ‘this year’Liu 84

Jingphotai³¹#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’niŋ³³ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.19

Jingphotai³¹#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’niŋ³³ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.47

Jingphothă³morphemeniŋ³³ ‘next year’Liu 84

Jingphothă³¹morphemeniŋ³³ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.19

Jingphothă³¹morphemeniŋ³³ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.47

Jingphou³¹#1603 PTB *w(a/u) ‘BIRD / EGG / WING / FOWL’PKC *waa ‘BIRD’PTk *wa ‘BIRD’ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the chicken’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0764.19

Jingphowaʔ³¹#1006 PTB *pʷak ‘PIG’PKC *wok ‘PIG’PTk *hwok ‘PIG’PNN *wak ‘PIG’TGTM *ᴮɖwa ‘PIG’PLB *wakᴸ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔʔ / tháuʔ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰ ‘PIG’PKar *thɔɁᴰmiᴬ ‘BOAR (WILD~)’PBai *te ‘PIG’ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the pig’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0766.19

Jingphowoi³³#2782 PTB *b/g-woy-n ‘MONKEY’PTani *beː ‘MONKEY’PNN *woːy ‘MONKEY’ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the monkey’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0763.19

Jingpho³məmorpheme²niŋ ‘last year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

Jingpho¹dai#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’²niŋ ‘this year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

Jingpho¹šəmorpheme²niŋ ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

Jingpho¹thimorpheme²niŋ ‘next year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

Jingphoŋa³³morpheme (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the ox’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0756.19

Jingphoʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.19

Jingphoʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³n³¹morphemenan³³morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.19

Jingphoʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³n³¹morphemenan³³morpheme ʃaŋ³¹morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.19

Jingphoʃă³¹morphemeʒo³³#2618 PTB *m/s-rwaŋ ‘CAT / WILDCAT / TIGER’PTani *mjo ‘TIGER’TGTM *ᴮmaŋ ‘TIGER’PLB *k-roŋ¹ ‘CAT / WILDCAT’PL *k-roŋ¹ ‘CAT, LEOPARD’ (ʃă³¹morphemeniŋ³³) n‘year of the tiger’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0757.19

Jingphoʃă¹morphemeniŋ³³ ‘year’Liu 84

1.7.3.2Asakian1

Saksəmorpheme◦niŋ ‘year’Huziwara 08 Sak: 392

2.1.2Bodic27

Tsangla (Central)niŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Tsangla (Central)nying ‘year’Andvik 93: 126

Tsangla (Motuo)ȵiŋ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.7

Tsangla (Motuo)ȵiŋ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.7

Tsangla (Motuo)ȵiŋ¹³ ‘year’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Motuo)ȵiŋ¹³ ‘year / age’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)nying ‘year’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)nying ‘year / age’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tsangla (Tilang)uthumorpheme ning-gamorpheme ‘this year’Zhang Jichuan 86

Tshona (Wenlang)dɑ³⁵#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’niŋ⁵⁵ ‘this year’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Wenlang)niŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Wenlang)niŋ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Wenlang)ȵi³⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ ‘last year’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Wenlang)ȵi³⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Lu 86 CuoM

Tshona (Mama)niŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.6

Tshona (Mama)niŋ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.6

Tshona (Mama)nᴀ¹³morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.6

Tshona (Mama)ti¹³morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.6

Tshona (Mama)tᴀ¹³#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’niŋ⁵⁵ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.6

Motuo Menbaȵiŋ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.07

Motuo Menbaȵiŋ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.07

Cuona Menbana³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.06

Cuona Menbaniŋ⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.06

Cuona Menbaniŋ⁵⁵ (theʔ⁵³) clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.06

Cuona Menbaniŋ⁵⁵ ser⁵⁵morphemero³¹morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.06

Cuona Menbata³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.06

Cuona Menbati³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.06

2.1.2.1Tibetan22

Tibetan (Alike)næmorpheme naŋ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.05

Tibetan (Alike)rgəmorpheme naŋ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.05

Tibetan (Alike)ɣʑəmorpheme naŋ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.05

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)hʑəmorpheme naŋ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Bla-brang)namorpheme naŋ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.4

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)namorpheme naŋ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ɣʑəmorpheme naŋ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.5

Tibetan (Amdo:Zeku)ɣʑəmorpheme naŋ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.5

Tibetan (Batang)na¹³morphemeȵĩ⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.03

Tibetan (Khams:Dege)da³¹morphemeȵin⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.3

Tibetan (Lhasa)nə¹³morphemeȵĩ⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.02

Tibetan (Lhasa)ta¹³morphemeȵɪ̃¹³ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.2

Tibetan (Lhasa)tə¹³morphemeȵĩ⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.02

Tibetan (Written)gžimorpheme-niŋ ⪤ že-niŋ ‘two years ago’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Tibetan (Written)lo#6068 PBod *lo ‘YEAR’-rnyiŋ ‘last year’Benedict 72 STC: 84n251

Tibetan (Written)lo#6068 PBod *lo ‘YEAR’-rnyiŋ ⪤ na-rnyiŋ = na-niŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Tibetan (Written)namorpheme niŋ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.01

Tibetan (Written)namorpheme-niŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Tibetan (Written)niŋ ‘year’LaPolla 87: 60

Tibetan (Written)zlamorpheme ȵiŋ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.1

Tibetan (Xiahe)namorpheme naŋ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.04

Tibetan (Xiahe)ʑəmorpheme naŋ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.04

2.3.1Eastern Kiranti1

Yamphuniŋ n‘year (bound morph)’Rutgers 98: 560.1

3.2Qiangic15

Guiqiongȵi³³ɣi⁵³morpheme ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.17

Guiqiongȵĩ³¹ɣi⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.16

Namuyiji⁵⁵morphemeȵi⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.19

Namuyino⁵⁵morphemeȵi³³ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.19

Namuyiqo³³morphemeȵi⁵⁵pi³⁵morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.19

Namuyiso⁵⁵morphemeȵi³³ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.19

Namuyiʂɿ³³morphemeȵi⁵⁵khu⁵⁵#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.19

Namuyiji³³morphemeȵi³¹ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.46

Namuyinu⁵³morphemeȵi³¹ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.46

Namuyiquo³³morphemeȵi⁵⁵sɿ⁵⁵#6178 PTB *g-sik ‘NEW’PLB *C-syik ‘NEW’tsæ³¹morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.46

Namuyiquo³¹morphemeȵi⁵⁵bi³⁵morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.46

Namuyisuo⁵³morphemeȵi³¹ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.46

Namuyiʂɿ⁵⁵morphemeȵi⁵⁵khu⁵⁵morphemeəʴ⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.46

Zhaba (Daofu County)so⁵⁵morphemene⁵⁵ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.14

Zhaba (Daofu County)tshe³³morphemene³³ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.14

4Nungic39

Nung(thi⁵⁵morpheme) ȵɯŋ⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.21

Rawangdɛ³¹#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’ nɯŋ⁵³ ‘this year’LaPolla 03: 823

Nungdɛ³¹#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’ȵi⁵⁵uɑ⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.21

Anongdɛ³¹#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’ȵi⁵⁵uɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.44

Anongme⁵⁵morphemeȵɯŋ³¹uɑ⁵⁵morpheme ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.44

Nungmɛ⁵⁵morphemeȵɯŋ³¹uɑ⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.21

Rawangnapmorpheme nɯŋ⁵³ ‘next year’LaPolla 03: 826

Anongniŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Rawangsəmorpheme◦nɯŋ⁵³ ‘last year’LaPolla 03: 824

Nungthɑ³¹morphemethɯ⁵⁵morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.21

Anongthɑ³¹morphemethɯ⁵⁵morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.44

Nungȵɯŋ³¹ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.21

Anongȵɯŋ³¹ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.44

Anongɑ³¹prefixȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.44

Rawangɑŋ³¹morpheme nɯŋ⁵³ ‘year’LaPolla 03: 822

Rawangəzaŋ³¹morpheme nɯŋ⁵³ ‘year before last’LaPolla 03: 825

Dulongdɔi³¹#2195 PTB *m-day ⪤ *m-di ‘THAT / THIS / DEICTIC’niŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.20

Trung [Dulong]mɑ̆n⁵⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵niŋ⁵³ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.46

Trung [Dulong]mɑ̆n⁵⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³morpheme ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.46

Dulongmɯ³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.20

Dulongmɯ³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ŋɑ⁵⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.20

Dulongniŋ⁵⁵ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.20

Dulongniŋ⁵⁵ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.20

Dulongniŋ⁵⁵ɕɑɹ⁵⁵morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.20

Dulongniŋ⁵⁵ɕɛɹ⁵⁵morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.20

Trung [Dulong]tɑ̆n⁵⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵wɑŋ⁵³morpheme ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.46

Trung [Dulong]tɕi⁵⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵wɑ⁵³morpheme ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.46

Dulongtɕɯ³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.20

Dulongtɕɯ³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ŋɑ⁵⁵morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.20

Trung [Dulong]ɑŋ³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.46

Trung [Dulong]ɑŋ³¹morphemeniŋ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.46

Trung [Dulong] (Dulonghe)aŋ³¹morpheme niŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’LaPolla 87: 60

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)aŋ³¹morpheme ńɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’LaPolla 87: 60

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)mɑ³¹morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year after next’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)nɑm³¹morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘next year’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɑ̆n⁵⁵morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘this year’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)tɕhi³¹morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ɑŋ³¹morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun H 82 Dul

Trung [Dulong] (Nujiang)ɑŋ³¹morphemeȵɯŋ⁵⁵ ‘year / age’Sun H 82 Dul

6.1.1Burmish25

Burmese (Written)ahnats ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 368

Burmese (Written)hnac ‘year’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)hnɑs ‘year / age’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 64.39

Burmese (Written)hnɑs thɑsmorpheme ku³morpheme ‘celebrate new year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 685.39

Burmese (Written)hnɑs⁴ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.26

Burmese (Written)hnɑs⁴ clf‘year's (work)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0913.26

Burmese (Written)hnɑs⁴tθɑs⁴morpheme n‘New Year's Day’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0795.26

Burmese (Written)hnɑs⁴tθɑs⁴morphemeku³morpheme v.‘celebrate (the New Year)’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 1362.26

Burmese (Written)hre¹morphemehnɑs⁴ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.26

Burmese (Written)hre¹morpheme◦hnɑs ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.39

Burmese (Written)jɑ¹morphemekhu¹morphemehnɑs⁴ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.26

Burmese (Written)jɑ¹morpheme◦khu¹morpheme◦hnɑs ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.39

Burmese (Written)jɑ¹morpheme◦mɑn²morpheme◦hnɑs ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.39

Burmese (Written)khu¹morpheme◦hnɑs ‘year’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 63.39

Burmese (Written)mɑ¹morphemehnɑs⁴kɑ¹morpheme n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.26

Burmese (Written)tɑ¹morphemehnɑs⁴kɑ¹ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.26

Burmese (Written)tɑ¹morpheme◦mrɑn²morpheme◦hnɑs ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.39

Burmese (Written)əprefix-hnac ‘year’Benedict 76 WBur

Burmese (Written)əprefix◦hnats ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

Atsi [Zaiwa]a⁵⁵prefixni̱k⁵⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]a⁵⁵prefixni̱k⁵⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]nuʔ²¹prefixni̱k⁵⁵ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]nuʔ²¹prefixni̱k⁵⁵ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.42

Atsi [Zaiwa]saŋ⁵¹prefixni̱k⁵⁵ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.30

Atsi [Zaiwa]saŋ⁵¹prefixni̱k⁵⁵ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.42

6.1.2Loloish2

*Loloishs-nikᴴ ‘year’Weidert 87 TBTo: 317

*Loloishs-nikᴴ ‘year’Bradley 79 PLo: 477A

6.1.2.1Northern Loloish32

Nusu (Central)e³¹morphemeȵ̥i̱⁵³ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.34

Nusu (Bijiang)ie³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.45

Nusu (Northern)kɯ³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵⁵ ‘year before last’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Northern)n̥i̱⁵⁵ ‘year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)sa³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵³khu⁵³#2252 PTB *(k/ʔ)uk ‘BEND / CROOKED / RETURN / BACK / YEAR’PLB *gukᴸ ‘CROOKED / BENT / KNEE / ANGLE’ ‘next year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)shɑ̃⁵⁵morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.45

Nusu (Bijiang)shɑ̃⁵⁵morphemephɑ⁵³morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.45

Nusu (Northern)shɔ³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵⁵ ‘next year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Northern)shɔ³¹morphemephɑ⁵⁵morphemen̥i̱⁵⁵ ‘year after next’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Central)su⁵⁵morphemepha̱⁵³morphemeȵ̥i̱⁵³ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.34

Nusu (Central)sɯ⁵⁵morphemeȵ̥i̱⁵³ n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.34

Nusu (Central)xɹe³³morphemeȵ̥i̱⁵³ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.34

Nusu (Bijiang)xɹe³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.45

Nusu (Southern)xɹi³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘year before last’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)ɕi⁵⁵morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘this year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Bijiang)ɕi⁵⁵morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.45

Nusu (Central)ʂi³³morphemeȵ̥i̱⁵³ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.34

Nusu (Northern)ʂɿ³¹morphemen̥i⁵⁵ ‘this year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Southern)ʔi³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵³ ‘last year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Nusu (Northern)ʔi³¹morphemen̥i̱⁵⁵ ‘last year’Sun J 86 Nusu

Yi (Nanhua)ɑ²¹morphemeȵi³³le̱⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.37

Yi (Nanhua)ʂi³³morphemeȵi³³te⁵⁵morpheme ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.24

Yi (Nanhua)ʂl³³morphemeȵi³³le̱⁵⁵morpheme n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.37

Yi (Nanhua)ᴀ²¹morphemeȵi³³te⁵⁵morpheme ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.24

Yi (Nanjian)a²¹morphemeni̱³³ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.23

Yi (Nanjian)nu⁵⁵morphemeni̱³³ ‘year after next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 69.23

Yi (Nanjian)tshɿ³³morphemeni̱³³ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.23

Yi (Nanjian)ʂɿ³³morphemeni̱³³ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.23

Yi (Weishan)nu⁵⁵morphemenɪ̱³³ n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.36

Yi (Weishan)tʂhɿ²¹morphemenɪ̱³³ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.36

Yi (Weishan)ɑ²¹morphemenɪ̱³³ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.36

Yi (Weishan)ʂɿ³³morphemenɪ̱³³ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.36

6.1.2.2Central Loloish17

Lisu (Central)ni² ‘year’Fraser 22

Lisu (Northern)næ³³ni³⁵morpheme A‘year after next’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)næ⁵⁵hæ̃²¹morpheme A‘next year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)næ⁵⁵hæ̃²¹morpheme mɤ³³morphemeni³⁵morpheme ‘next year; future’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)næ⁵⁵hæ̃²¹morpheme næ³³ni³⁵morpheme ‘future; next year and the year after’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisunɛ̱³³ni³⁵morpheme n/adv‘year after next’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0782.40

Lisunɛ⁵⁵hɛ̃³¹morpheme n/adv‘next year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0781.40

Lisunɛ⁵⁵hɛ³¹morpheme ‘year, next’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 67.27

Lisu (Northern)tshi³³morphemema³³morphemeni³⁵ A‘this year; these years (poetic)’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisu (Northern)tshi³³morphemeni³⁵ A‘this year’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisutshi̱³³morphemeni³⁵ n/adv‘this year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0778.40

Lisutshɿ⁵⁵morphemeni³⁵ ‘year, this’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 65.27

Lisuɑ³¹morphemeni³⁵ n/adv‘last year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0779.40

Lisuɑ³¹morphemeni³⁵ ‘year, last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 66.27

Lisuʃi̱³³morphemeni³⁵ n/adv‘year before last’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0780.40

Lisu (Northern)ʃɿ³³morphemeni³⁵ A‘year before last’Bradley 94 Lisu

Lisuʃɿ⁴⁴morphemeni³⁵ ‘year before last’Sun H 91 ZMYY: 68.27

6.1.2.3Southern Loloish5

Pyenmi45morpheme nɯ45 ‘this year’Shintani 09 Pyen: 230012

Pyenso33morpheme nɯ45 ‘next year’Shintani 09 Pyen: 230013

Silaa21morpheme nɯ̰33 ‘year’Kato 08 Lao: 272

Silaḭ21morpheme nɯ̰33 ‘last year’Kato 08 Lao: 274

Silatshɯ̰21morpheme nɯ̰33 ‘this year’Kato 08 Lao: 273

7Karenic35

*Karenhneŋ ‘harvest / year’Chou 72: 364a-c

*Karenhneŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 136n369

*Karenhneŋᴮ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

*Karen (Pwo)něnq ‘year’Jones 61: 60

*Karen (Pwo-Sgaw)néq ‘year’Jones 61: 60

*Karen (TP)néŋq ‘year’Jones 61: 60

*Karennéŋq ‘year’Jones 61: 60

*Karen [Burling]nin² ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

*Karen (Sgaw)níʔ ‘year’Jones 61: 60

Bweɗe³³ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Karenhneŋ ‘year’LaPolla 87: 60

Karenni̱³¹ n‘year’Huang and Dai 92 TBL: 0777.50

Kayahna¹¹ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Kayan (Pekon)nê N‘year’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayan (Pekon)nê CLFm‘year’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayan (Pekon)nên TEMP‘year’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayan (Pekon)nên CLFm‘year’Manson 10 Kayan

Kayanne¹¹ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Kayawde¹¹ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Pa-Onéŋ ‘year’Solnit 89 PaO

Pa-Onéŋ ‘year’Jones 61: 60

Pa-Oneŋ ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 142n384

Pa-O (Southern)neŋ³³ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Pa-O (Northern)neŋ⁵⁵ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Palaychinə́q ‘year’Jones 61: 60

Pwo (Northern)nãi³³ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Pwo (Southern)nɛ̃i⁵⁵ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Pwo (Bassein)nèn ‘year’Jones 61: 60

Pwo (Moulmein)něnʔ ‘year’Jones 61: 60

Sgawni ‘harvest / year’Chou 72: 364a-c

Karen (Sgaw)ni ‘year’Benedict 72 STC: 180n476

Sgaw (Northern)ni³¹˜ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Sgaw (Southern)ni⁴⁵’ ‘year’Luangthongkum 13: 338

Sgaw (Bassein)nì ‘year’Jones 61: 60

Sgaw (Moulmein)níʔ ‘year’Jones 61: 60

9Sinitic5

Chinese (Hanzi)年 ‘harvest; year’BaxterSagart 2011: 2019

Chinese (Hanzi)年 ‘year’Nagano 2013 rGyDB: 1846

Chinese (Hanzi)年纪 ‘age’morphemeNagano 2013 rGyDB: 1849

Chinese (Hanzi)年轻 ‘young’morphemeNagano 2013 rGyDB: 0731

Chinese (Hanzi)年轻人 ‘young man, youth’morpheme · morphemeNagano 2013 rGyDB: 0723

Cite this entry

STEDT etymon #2501, *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik ‘YEAR’.

Stable link: https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2501

Data: STEDT v1.0 (2017). Accessed: [date].

References: cf. HPTB pp. 282, 283, 475, 524, 528; STC#368

BibTeX

@misc{stedt-2501,
  title  = {{*s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik 'YEAR'}},
  author = {STEDT},
  year   = {2017},
  note   = {Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus (STEDT) v1.0, etymon #2501},
  url    = {https://larc-iu.github.io/stedt/etymon/2501}
}